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Syntaxin
Syntaxins are a family of membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins participating in exocytosis. Domains Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxin 17 may have two transmembrane domains. * The SNARE (H3) domain binds to both synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 forming the core SNARE complex. Formation of this stable SNARE core complex is believed to generate the free energy required to initiate fusion between the vesicle membrane and plasma membrane. * The N-terminal Habc domain is formed by 3 α-helices and when collapsed onto its own H3 helix forms an inactive "closed" syntaxin conformation. This closed conformation of syntaxin is believed to be stabilized by binding of Munc-18 (nSec1), although more recent data suggests that nSec1 may bind to other conformations of syntaxin, as well. The "open" syntaxin conformation is the conformation that is competent to form into SNARE core complexes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX1A
Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX1A'' gene. Function Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the presynaptic active zone. Syntaxins function in this vesicle fusion process. Syntaxin-1A is a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE oluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein)-Attachment protein REceptordomain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxins bind synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interact with voltage dependent calcium and potassium channels via the C-terminal H3 domain. Syntaxin-1A is a key protein in ion channel regulation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Core SNARE Complex
SNARE proteins – " SNAP REceptor" – are a large protein family consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts, more than 60 members in mammalian cells, and some numbers in plants. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion – the fusion of vesicles with the target membrane; this notably mediates exocytosis, but can also mediate the fusion of vesicles with membrane-bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate the neurotransmitter release of synaptic vesicles in neurons. These neuronal SNAREs are the targets of the neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus produced by certain bacteria. Types SNAREs can be divided into two categories: ''vesicle'' or ''v-SNAREs'', which are incorporated into the membranes of transport vesicles during budding, and ''target'' or ''t-SNAREs'', which are associated with nerve terminal membranes. Evidence suggests that t-SNAREs form stable subcomplexes which serve as guides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX7
Syntaxin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX7'' gene. In melanocytic cells STX7 gene expression may be regulated by MITF. Interactions STX7 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizat ... with STX8, VPS18, Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 and VPS11. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Gene-6-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX4
Syntaxin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX4'' gene. Interactions STX4 has been shown to interact with: * Gelsolin, * NAPA, * RAB4A, * SNAP-25, * SNAP23, * STXBP1, * STXBP5, * Syntaxin binding protein 3, * TXLNB, * VAMP2 Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAMP2'' gene. Function Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a prote ..., * VAMP3, and * Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{Vesicular transport proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX17
Syntaxin 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX17'' gene. In horses a duplication in intron 6 causes progressive graying. See also *Syntaxin Syntaxins are a family of membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins participating in exocytosis. Domains Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxi ... References Further reading * * * * * * * External links * {{gene-9-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX8
Syntaxin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX8'' gene. Syntaxin 8 directly interacts with HECTd3 and has similar subcellular localization. The protein has been shown to form the SNARE complex with syntaxin 7, vti1b and endobrevin. These function as the machinery for the homotypic fusion of late endosomes. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of STX8 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Stx8tm2a(EUCOMM)Wtsi'' was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program—a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists—at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on homozygous mutant adult mice, however no significant abnormalities were observed. Interactions STX8 has been shown to interact A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX2
Syntaxin-2, also known as epimorphin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX2'' gene. The product of this gene belongs to the syntaxin/epimorphin family of proteins. The syntaxins are a large protein family implicated in the targeting and fusion of intracellular transport vesicles. The product of this gene regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and epithelial cell morphogenesis and activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. When the N terminus is on the cytosolic face it acts as a t-SNARE involved in intracellular vesicle docking and is called Syntaxin-2. When flipped inside out, i.e. N terminus hangs out on the extracellular surface (by some nonclassical secretion pathway) it acts as a versatile morphogen and is called epimorphin. This membrane protein enjoys the double choice of another form of topological alternatives of being targeted to either apical or basolateral surface of an epithelial cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX12
Syntaxin-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX12'' gene. Interactions STX12 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizat ... with PLDN. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Syntaxin-12 {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX3
Syntaxin 3, also known as STX3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''STX3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the syntaxin family of cellular receptors for transport vesicles which participate in exocytosis in neutrophils. STX3 has an important role in the growth of neurites and serves as a direct target for omega-6 arachidonic acid. Mutations in Syntaxin 3 cause Microvillus inclusion disease. Interactions Syntaxin 3 has been shown to interact with SNAP-25, SNAP23 and SNAP29 Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SNAP29'' gene. Function This gene, a member of the SNAP25 gene family, encodes a protein involved in multiple membrane trafficking steps. Two other members of .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Vesicular transport proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX11
Syntaxin 11, also known as STX11, is a human gene that is a member of the t-SNARE family. Interactions STX11 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizat ... with SNAP25 and SNAP23. See also * Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-6-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STX6
Syntaxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX6'' gene. Interactions STX6 has been shown to interact with SNAP23, VAMP3 and VAMP4. N terminal protein domain The protein domain Syntaxin 6 N terminal protein domain is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor ( SNARE) found in endosomal transport vesicles. It is part of the family, of target SNAREs (t-SNAREs). It is a vital aid to exporting and importing cell cargo through a process called cell trafficking. Its SNARE motif shows significant homology to both syntaxin 1a and S25C, indicating similarity through evolutionary conservation. The structure of the syntaxin 6 N-terminal domain shows strong structural similarity with the N-terminal domains of syntaxin 1a, Sso1p, and Vam3p; despite a very low level of sequence similarity. SNARE functions essentially as a tether to hold the vesicle. The cytoplasmic regions of SNARE found on transport vesicles and target membranes inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
