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Surrogate
A surrogate is a substitute or deputy for another person in a specific role and may refer to: Relationships * Surrogacy, an arrangement where a woman agrees to carry and give birth to a child for another person who will become its parent at birth * Sexual surrogate, in sexual therapy * Surrogate marriage, a custom in Zulu culture Economics *Ersatz, an artificial replacement differing in kind from and inferior in quality to what it replaces. * Surrogation, a psychological phenomenon in management science Arts * Author surrogate or audience surrogate, reciprocal literary techniques *The Surrogates, a comic book series * ''Surrogates'' (film), a 2009 film based on the comic book series * ''The Surrogate'' (1984 film), a Canadian erotic film starring Art Hindle * ''The Surrogate'' (1995 film), a TV movie starring Alyssa Milano * ''The Surrogate'' (2020 film), an American LGBT-related Independent drama film *''The Surrogate'', original title of '' The Sessions'', a 2012 film ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogates (film)
''Surrogates'' is a 2009 American science fiction action film based on the 2005–2006 comic book series ''The Surrogates''. Directed by Jonathan Mostow, it stars Bruce Willis as Tom Greer, an FBI agent who ventures out into the real world to investigate the murder of surrogates ( humanoid remote-controlled robots). It also stars Radha Mitchell, Rosamund Pike, Boris Kodjoe, Ving Rhames, and James Cromwell. The film's main concept centers on the mysterious murder of a college student linked to the man who helped create a high-tech surrogate phenomenon that allows people to purchase remote-controlled humanoid robots through which they interact with society. These fit, attractive, remotely controlled robots ultimately assume their life roles, enabling people to experience life vicariously from the comfort and safety of their own homes. ''Surrogates'' was released on September 25, 2009, in the United States and Canada. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $122 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Surrogates
''The Surrogates'' is a five-issue comic book limited series written by Robert Venditti, drawn by Brett Weldele, and published by Top Shelf Productions from 2005 to 2006. In 2009 it was followed by a prequel graphic novel, ''The Surrogates: Flesh and Bone''. It has been made into a film, '' Surrogates'', starring Bruce Willis. Publication history The first series ran from 2005 to 2006, with a collected edition published in July 2006 (). A prequel graphic novel, ''The Surrogates: Flesh and Bone'', was published in July 2009 (). A limited edition hardcover, ''The Surrogates Operator's Manual'', collects both books into a single volume (). Venditti was inspired to write ''The Surrogates'' after reading Indra Sinha's book ''The Cybergypsies'', about numerous individuals who lost their spouses or their jobs due to their addiction to the internet and their online personas. In an interview, he said: "It dawned on me that if you were somehow able to create a persona and send it out in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Surrogate
Sex surrogates, sometimes referred to as surrogate partners, are practitioners trained in addressing issues of intimacy and sexuality. A surrogate partner works in collaboration with a sex therapist to meet the goals of their client. This triadic model is used to dually support the client: the client engages in experiential exercises and builds a relationship with their surrogate partner while processing and integrating their experiences with their therapist or clinician. Overview The modality in which surrogate partners work is called Surrogate Partner Therapy. This modality is used to address obstacles to physical and emotional intimacy that a client is unable to resolve through traditional therapy and requires the involvement of a partner. Clients’ presenting issues have commonly included sexual dysfunctions, lack of healthy intimate experiences, or traumatic history. History Masters and Johnson introduced the practice in their book ''Human Sexual Inadequacy'', published in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogacy
Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to delivery/labour for another person or people, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. People may seek a surrogacy arrangement when pregnancy is medically impossible, when pregnancy risks are dangerous for the intended mother, or when a single man or a male couple wish to have a child. In surrogacy arrangements, monetary compensation may or may not be involved. Receiving money for the arrangement is known as commercial surrogacy. The legality and cost of surrogacy varies widely between jurisdictions, sometimes resulting in problematic international or interstate surrogacy arrangements. Couples seeking a surrogacy arrangement in a country where it is banned sometimes travel to a jurisdiction that permits it. In some countries, surrogacy is legal only if money does not exchange hands. Where commercial surrogacy is legal, couples may use the help of third-party agencies to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Surrogate (2020 Film)
''The Surrogate'' is a 2020 American LGBT-related independent drama film written and directed by Jeremy Hersh, in his feature film debut. The film stars Jasmine Batchelor, Chris Perfetti, Sullivan Jones, Brooke Bloom, Eboni Booth and William DeMeritt. The film premiered on June 12, 2020 in virtual cinemas, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and received generally positive reviews. The film was released to streaming services on September 1, 2020. Plot Jess agrees to be a surrogate mother for her best friend Josh and his husband Aaron. When a prenatal test reveals that the baby will likely be born with Down syndrome, complications arise between the three of them. Josh and Aaron are unsure if they are prepared to care for a special needs child, and the associated financial costs, so they suggest Jess have an abortion. Jess, on the other hand, has different plans, she researches what it will take to raise a special needs child by talking to knowledgeable mothers and looking into public as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogate Key
A surrogate key (or synthetic key, pseudokey, entity identifier, factless key, or technical key) in a database is a unique identifier for either an ''entity'' in the modeled world or an ''object'' in the database. The surrogate key is ''not'' derived from application data, unlike a ''natural'' (or ''business'') key. Definition There are at least two definitions of a surrogate: ; Surrogate (1) – Hall, Owlett and Todd (1976): A surrogate represents an ''entity'' in the outside world. The surrogate is internally generated by the system but is nevertheless visible to the user or application. ; Surrogate (2) – Wieringa and De Jonge (1991): A surrogate represents an ''object'' in the database itself. The surrogate is internally generated by the system and is invisible to the user or application. The ''Surrogate (1)'' definition relates to a data model rather than a storage model and is used throughout this article. See Date (1998). An important distinction between a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogate Model
A surrogate model is an engineering method used when an outcome of interest cannot be easily measured or computed, so a model of the outcome is used instead. Most engineering design problems require experiments and/or simulations to evaluate design objective and constraint functions as a function of design variables. For example, in order to find the optimal airfoil shape for an aircraft wing, an engineer simulates the airflow around the wing for different shape variables (length, curvature, material, ..). For many real-world problems, however, a single simulation can take many minutes, hours, or even days to complete. As a result, routine tasks such as design optimization, design space exploration, sensitivity analysis and ''what-if'' analysis become impossible since they require thousands or even millions of simulation evaluations. One way of alleviating this burden is by constructing approximation models, known as surrogate models, ''metamodels'' or ''emulators'', that mimic th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogate Endpoint
In clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint (or surrogate marker) is a measure of effect of a specific treatment that may correlate with a ''real'' clinical endpoint but does not necessarily have a guaranteed relationship. The National Institutes of Health (USA) defines surrogate endpoint as "a biomarker intended to substitute for a clinical endpoint". Surrogate markers are used when the primary endpoint is undesired (e.g., death), or when the number of events is very small, thus making it impractical to conduct a clinical trial to gather a statistically significant number of endpoints. The FDA and other regulatory agencies will often accept evidence from clinical trials that show a direct clinical benefit to surrogate markers. Surrogate endpoints can be obtained from different modalities, such as, behavioural or cognitive scores, or biomarkers from Electroencephalography ( qEEG), MRI, PET, or biochemical biomarkers. A correlate does not make a surrogate. It is a common misconception ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogate (clergy)
A Surrogate (from Lat. ''surrogare'', to substitute for), is the deputy of a bishop or an ecclesiastical judge, acting in the absence of his principal and strictly bound by the authority of the latter. It is particularly common as a term for clergy deputising for the diocesan judge in dioceses of the Church of England. History Canon 128 of the 1603 canons of the Church of England lays down the qualifications necessary for the office of surrogate, and canon 123 specifies the regulations for appointment to the office. Current use At present the chief duty of a surrogate in England is the granting of marriage licences, so that although often nominated by the bishop, the person appointed is in fact a surrogate to the Chancellor (chief judge) of the diocese. Surrogates may have more extensive delegated powers, and judgments of the Arches Court of Canterbury have been delivered by a surrogate in the absence of the official principal. Surrogates are appointed by means of a legal commis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Surrogate (1984 Film)
''The Surrogate'' is a 1984 Canadian erotic thriller film directed by Don Carmody and starring Art Hindle, Carole Laure, Shannon Tweed, and Jackie Burroughs. The film was written by Don Carmody and Robert Geoffrion, produced by Don Carmody and John Dunning, and executively produced by André Fleury and André Link. The film also features Jim Bailey, Michael Ironside, Marilyn Lightstone, Jonathan Welsh, Tony Scott, Mark Burns and Vlasta Vrána. The music was composed by Daniel Lanois, the cinematography was done by François Protat, and the editing was done by Rit Wallis. The film was released 2 November 1984 through Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Plot A married couple, Frank and Lee, have problems with their sexual relationship. The psychotherapist recommends them to hire a mysterious woman who will give them new imaginations to restore their passion. Soon they find themselves drawn to a disastrous web of violence, insanity, and murder. Cast * Art Hindle as Frank Waite * Carole L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Surrogate (1995 Film)
''The Surrogate'' is a 1995 television film drama directed by Jan Egleson and Raymond Hartung and aired on American Broadcasting Company, ABC. The film had a limited VHS release in the United Kingdom in April 1996. It has also been released on video in Asia. The film centers around the young and talented student Amy (Alyssa Milano), who replies on an innocent advertisement for a rental place. Here, she meets Stuart (David Dukes) and Joan Quinn (Connie Sellecca). After she rents the place, she creates a good relationship with the family. After a lot of hesitation, the family asks her to be the surrogate mother of their child, since Joan can't have babies herself anymore. Amy thinks about it and agrees. When Amy discovers that the family hides a dark secret about the death of an earlier baby, Amy is determined not to give her child up and flees. Soon, the police are looking for her, because she officially kidnapped her own baby. Plot Amy Winslow (Alyssa Milano) is an art student ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogate Mechanism
The Unicode Consortium and the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/ WG 2 jointly collaborate on the list of the characters in the Universal Coded Character Set. The Universal Coded Character Set, most commonly called the Universal Character Set ( UCS, official designation: ISO/IEC 10646), is an international standard to map characters, discrete symbols used in natural language, mathematics, music, and other domains, to unique machine-readable data values. By creating this mapping, the UCS enables computer software vendors to interoperate, and transmit— interchange— UCS-encoded text strings from one to another. Because it is a ''universal'' map, it can be used to represent multiple languages at the same time. This avoids the confusion of using multiple legacy character encodings, which can result in the same sequence of codes having multiple interpretations depending on the character encoding in use, resulting in ''mojibake'' if the wrong one is chosen. UCS has a potential capacity of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
