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Stereology
Stereology is the three-dimensional interpretation of two-dimensional cross section (geometry), cross sections of materials or tissues. It provides practical techniques for extracting quantitative information about a three-dimensional material from measurements made on two-dimensional planar sections of the material. Stereology is a method that utilizes random, systematic sampling to provide unbiased and quantitative data. It is an important and efficient tool in many applications of microscopy (such as petrography, materials science, and biosciences including histology, bone and neuroanatomy). Stereology is a developing science with many important innovations being developed mainly in Europe. New innovations such as the proportionator continue to make important improvements in the efficiency of stereological procedures. In addition to two-dimensional plane sections, stereology also applies to three-dimensional slabs (e.g. 3D microscope images), one-dimensional probes (e.g. needle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrian Baddeley
Adrian John Baddeley (born May 25, 1955) is a statistical scientist working in the fields of spatial statistics,A. Baddeley, E. Rubak and R.Turner, "Spatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R", Chapman and Hall/CRC Press 2015. statistical computing, stereologyA. Baddeley and Eva Vedel Jensen, E.B. Vedel Jensen, ''Stereology for Statisticians'', Chapman and Hall/CRC Press 2005. and stochastic geometry. Life and career Baddeley was born in Melbourne, Australia and educated at Eltham High School there, and studied mathematics and statistics at the Australian National University (honours supervisor: Roger Miles) and the University of Cambridge (PhD supervisor: David George Kendall). He was elected a Junior Research Fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge in the second year of his PhD. Subsequently, he worked for the University of Bath (1982–85), the CSIRO Division of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney (1985–88), the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Neth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eva Vedel Jensen
Eva Bjørn Vedel Jensen (born 14 June 1951) is a Danish mathematician and statistician known for her work in spatial statistics, stereology, stochastic geometry, and medical imaging. She is a professor emeritus in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at Aarhus University. Education and career After earning a master's degree at Aarhus University in 1976, she became a faculty member at the university in 1979. She completed a doctorate at Aarhus in 1987, and became full professor there in 2003. Recognition Vedel Jensen has been an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute since 1992, and is also a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. She won the Villum Kann Rasmussen Annual Award for Technical and Scientific Research of the Villum Foundation in 2009. She was named a knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 2010. The University of Bern gave her an honorary doctorate in 2013. Selected publications Vedel Jensen is the author of books including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportionator
The proportionator is the most efficient unbiased stereological method used to estimate population size in samples. A typical application is counting the number of cells in an organ. The proportionator is related to the optical fractionator and physical dissector methods that also estimate population. The optical and physical fractionators use a sampling method called systematic uniform random sampling, or SURS. Unlike these two methods the proportionator introduces sampling with probability proportional to size, or PPS. With SURS all sampling sites are equal. With PPS sites are not sampled with the same probability. The reason for using PPS is to improve the efficiency of the estimation process. Efficiency is the notion of how much is gained by a given amount of work. A more efficient method provides better results for the same amount of work. The proportionator provides a better estimate, that is a more precise estimate, than either of these two methods: the optical fractionat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Analysis & Stereology
''Image Analysis & Stereology'' (IAS) formerly ''Acta Stereologica'', is a triannual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by an independent not-for-profit publisher DSKAS. It is the official journal of the International Society for Stereology & Image Analysis. The journal publishes articles of all fields of image analysis and processing. my History The journal ''Acta Stereologica'' was conceived at the European Symposium for Stereology in 1981. Miroslav Kališnik, the editor of Yugoslav stereology journal ''Stereologia Iugoslavica'' and Gerhard Ondracek, the editor of the ''Newsletter in Stereology'' decided that both journals, that they edited will join forces to establish a new international journal. The new journal was edited by Kališnik for 17 years. The president of the International Society for Stereology (now ISSIA) Hans Eckart Exner adopted the new journal to be the official journal of ISSIA. The ownership (the publisher) of the new journal was the Stereological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse
Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse (3 February 181724 March 1881) was a French geologist and mineralogist. He is credited for inventing the Delesse principle in stereology. Education and career Delesse was born at Metz. At the age of twenty he entered the École Polytechnique, and subsequently went to the Ecole des Mines, where he was trained under the tutelage of Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont and Ours-Pierre-Armand Petit-Dufrénoy. In 1845, he was appointed to the chair of mineralogy and geology at the University of Franche-Comté in Besançon. In 1850, he became the chair of geology at the Sorbonne in Paris; and in 1864, professor of agriculture at the Ecole des Mines. Delesse died in Paris on 24 March 1881. Research In early years as ''ingénieur des mines'', Delesse investigated and described various new minerals; he proceeded afterward to the study of rocks, devising new methods for their determination, and giving particular descriptions of melaphyre, arkose, por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achille Delesse
Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse (3 February 181724 March 1881) was a French geologist and mineralogist. He is credited for inventing the Delesse principle in stereology. Education and career Delesse was born at Metz. At the age of twenty he entered the École Polytechnique, and subsequently went to the Ecole des Mines, where he was trained under the tutelage of Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont and Ours-Pierre-Armand Petit-Dufrénoy. In 1845, he was appointed to the chair of mineralogy and geology at the University of Franche-Comté in Besançon. In 1850, he became the chair of geology at the Sorbonne in Paris; and in 1864, professor of agriculture at the Ecole des Mines. Delesse died in Paris on 24 March 1881. Research In early years as ''ingénieur des mines'', Delesse investigated and described various new minerals; he proceeded afterward to the study of rocks, devising new methods for their determination, and giving particular descriptions of melaphyre, arkose, por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross Section (geometry)
In geometry and science, a cross section is the non-empty intersection of a solid body in three-dimensional space with a plane, or the analog in higher-dimensional spaces. Cutting an object into slices creates many parallel cross-sections. The boundary of a cross-section in three-dimensional space that is parallel to two of the axes, that is, parallel to the plane determined by these axes, is sometimes referred to as a contour line; for example, if a plane cuts through mountains of a raised-relief map parallel to the ground, the result is a contour line in two-dimensional space showing points on the surface of the mountains of equal elevation. In technical drawing a cross-section, being a projection of an object onto a plane that intersects it, is a common tool used to depict the internal arrangement of a 3-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is traditionally crosshatched with the style of crosshatching often indicating the types of materials being used. With computed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morgan Crofton
Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour. Early life Morgan Crofton was born into a wealthy Anglo-Irish family. His father, the Reverend William Crofton, Rector of Skreene, Co Sligo, was the younger brother of Sir Malby Crofton, 2nd Baronet of Longford House. He was also the cousin of Lord Edward Crofton, Baron Crofton of the Mote. Despite being born into an aristocratic, Anglican family, Crofton joined to the Roman Catholic Church in the 1850s in part due to an interest in Cardinal John Henry Newman. This led to his resignation at Queen's College, Galway and transference to various Catholic colleges. He married twice: firstly on 31 August 1857 Julia Agnes Cecilia, daughter of J B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte De Buffon
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (; 7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopédiste. His works influenced the next two generations of naturalists, including two prominent French scientists Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Georges Cuvier. Buffon published thirty-six quarto volumes of his ''Histoire Naturelle'' during his lifetime, with additional volumes based on his notes and further research being published in the two decades following his death. Ernst Mayr wrote that "Truly, Buffon was the father of all thought in natural history in the second half of the 18th century".Mayr, Ernst 1981. ''The Growth of Biological Thought''. Cambridge: Harvard. p 330 Credited with being one of the first naturalists to recognize ecological succession, he was later forced by the theology committee at the University of Paris to recant his theories about geological history and animal evolution because they contradicted the Biblical na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cluster Sampling
In statistics, cluster sampling is a sampling plan used when mutually homogeneous yet internally heterogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population. It is often used in marketing research. In this sampling plan, the total population is divided into these groups (known as clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. The elements in each cluster are then sampled. If all elements in each sampled cluster are sampled, then this is referred to as a "one-stage" cluster sampling plan. If a simple random subsample of elements is selected within each of these groups, this is referred to as a "two-stage" cluster sampling plan. A common motivation for cluster sampling is to reduce the total number of interviews and costs given the desired accuracy. For a fixed sample size, the expected random error is smaller when most of the variation in the population is present internally within the groups, and not between the groups. Cluster elements The population with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systematic Sampling
In survey methodology, systematic sampling is a statistical method involving the selection of elements from an ordered sampling frame. The most common form of systematic sampling is an equiprobability method. In this approach, progression through the list is treated circularly, with a return to the top once the list ends. The sampling starts by selecting an element from the list at random and then every ''k''th element in the frame is selected, where ''k'', is the sampling interval (sometimes known as the ''skip''): this is calculated as: :k = \frac Nn where ''n'' is the sample size, and ''N'' is the population size. Using this procedure each element in the population has a known and equal probability of selection (also known as epsem). This makes systematic sampling functionally similar to simple random sampling (SRS). However, it is not the same as SRS because not every possible sample of a certain size has an equal chance of being chosen (e.g. samples with at least two element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
