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Stanak
''Stanak'' ''(in original Bosančica: Сmɖɴɖк; )'' is the most common name used to refer to the assembly of nobility in medieval Bosnia. The assembly was also known as the ''Rusag'' (from the Hungarian word ''orszag'', meaning "country"), ''Zbor'', ''Sva Bosna'' (meaning "Whole of Bosnia") or just ''Bosna'', with the officials of the Republic of Ragusa employing several Latin terms as well. The term ''stanak'' is first attested in the charter of Tvrtko I in 1354. Its influence peaked between the 1390s and the 1420s. The Serbian historian Sima Ćirković and most other Yugoslav scholars believed that the existence of the ''stanak'' proved a unity and feeling of belonging to a Bosnian identity and integrity, but also illustrated weakness of the monarch and decentralization of the state, as argued by American colleague John Van Antwerp Fine, Jr. The right to take part in the sessions of the s''tanak'' was enjoyed by every Bosnian '' knez'', from magnates to petty lords, collec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bosnia
The Kingdom of Bosnia ( sh, Kraljevina Bosna / Краљевина Босна), or Bosnian Kingdom (''Bosansko kraljevstvo'' / Босанско краљевство), was a medieval kingdom that lasted for nearly a century, from 1377 to 1463, and evolved out of the Banate of Bosnia, which itself lasted since at least 1154. Although Hungarian kings viewed Bosnia as under their sovereignty during this time, Bosnian sovereignty and independence in conducting its affairs is nevertheless undeniable. King Tvrtko I (r. 1353–91) acquired portions of western Serbia and most of the Adriatic coast south of the Neretva River. During the late part of his reign, Bosnia became one of the strongest states in the Balkan Peninsula. However, feudal fragmentation remained important in Bosnia and the Bosnian nobility held significant power, exercising it at the Stanak meetings where members deliberated on matters such as election of the new king or queen and coronations, foreign policy, sale o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Bosnia
This is the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages, between the ancient and Roman period and the Ottoman period. Early Middle Ages The western Balkans had been reconquered from "barbarians" by Byzantine Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565). Sclaveni (Slavs) raided the Western Balkans, including Bosnia, in the 6th and 7th century. According to ''De Administrando Imperio'' written in 10th century, these were followed by Croats and Serbs who arrived in the late 620s and early 630s, the Croats invited by Emperor Heraclius to fend off an invasion by the Pannonian Avars, and both had by this time settled West and East of Bosnia. Croats "settled in area roughly corresponding to modern Croatia, and probably also including most of Bosnia proper, apart from the eastern strip of the Drina valley" while Serbs "corresponding to modern south-western Serbia (later known as Raška), and gradually extended their rule into the territories of Duklja and Hum". Early medieval polity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tvrtko I Of Bosnia
Stephen Tvrtko I ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko, Стјепан/Стефан Твртко; 1338 – 10 March 1391) was the first king of Bosnia. A member of the House of Kotromanić, he succeeded his uncle Stephen II as Ban of Bosnia in 1353. As he was a minor at the time, Tvrtko's father, Vladislav, briefly ruled as regent, followed by Tvrtko's mother, Jelena. Early in his personal rule, Tvrtko quarreled with his country's Roman Catholic clergy, but later enjoyed cordial relations with all the religious communities in his realm. After initial difficulties – the loss of large parts of Bosnia to his overlord, King Louis I of Hungary, and being briefly deposed by his magnates – Tvrtko's power grew considerably. He conquered some remnants of the neighbouring Serbian Empire in 1373, after the death of its last ruler and his distant relative, Uroš the Weak. In 1377, he had himself crowned king of Bosnia and of Serbia, claiming to be the heir of Serbia' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Legislatures
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronation
A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a coronation crown, crown upon a monarch's head. The term also generally refers not only to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony wherein the act of crowning occurs, along with the presentation of other items of regalia, marking the formal investiture of a monarch with regal power. Aside from the crowning, a coronation ceremony may comprise many other rituals such as the taking of special vows by the monarch, the investing and presentation of regalia to the monarch, and acts of homage by the new ruler's subjects and the performance of other ritual deeds of special significance to the particular nation. Western-style coronations have often included anointing the monarch with holy anointing oil, holy oil, or chrism as it is often called; the anointing ritual's religious significance follows examples found in the Bible. The monarch's consort may also be crowned, either simultaneously with the monarch or as a separate eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Elections
An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected monarch, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance. The manner of election, the nature of candidate qualifications, and the electors vary from case to case. Historically, it was common for elective monarchies to transform into hereditary ones over time or for hereditary ones to acquire at least occasional elective aspects. Evolution Many, if not most, kingdoms were officially elective historically, though the candidates were typically only from the family of the deceased monarch. Eventually, however, most elected monarchies introduced hereditary succession, guaranteeing that the title and office stayed within the royal family and specifying, more or less precisely, the order of succession. Today, almost all monarchies are hereditary monarchies in which the monarchs come from one royal family with the office of sovereign being passed from one family member to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jajce
Jajce (Јајце) is a town and municipality located in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 7,172 inhabitants, with 27,258 inhabitants in the municipality. It is situated in the region of Bosanska Krajina, on the crossroads between Banja Luka, Mrkonjić Grad and Donji Vakuf, on the confluence of the rivers Pliva and Vrbas. History Ancient times Jajce Mithraeum is a temple dedicated to the God of the Sun, Mithra. The god was worshiped and the cult spread to other parts of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean basin by slaves and merchants from the Orient, and by Roman soldiers who came into contact with the followers of the cult in the East. The temple is dated to the 2nd century AD and was repaired sometime during the 4th century AD. This particular Mithraeum is renowned as one of the best preserved in Europe. It was discovered accidentally d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraljeva Sutjeska
Kraljeva Sutjeska (sometimes Kraljevska Sutjeska, or just Sutjeska or Sutiska, historically Trstionica (river), Trstivnica, in local tradition ''Naše stolno misto'') is a village in the Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, municipality of Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The village has historical significance and rich heritage. During the Middle Ages it used to be a capital of medieval Bosnian state, and a place where the Royal court in Sutjeska, main court of the List of Bosnian rulers, royal Bosnian Kotromanić dynasty was situated. The town was also called ''Trstivnica'' in official state Charter, charters of that time. It is situated at the foothills of Zvijezda (Vareš), Zvijezda mountain. A couple of kilometres above the Sutjeska, in northeastern direction in the mountain, the historic Walled City, fortress-city of Bobovac was situated, which was also a secluded royal seat of the Bosnian kings. History and heritage The village hosts a number of important historical sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bobovac
Bobovac ( sh-Cyrl, Бобовац) is a fortified city of medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located near today's Vareš and the village of Borovica. It is protected site as a National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. History The city was built during the reign of Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia, and was first mentioned in a document dating from 1349. It shared the role of seat of the rulers of Bosnia with Kraljeva Sutjeska, however Bobovac was much better fortified than the other. Bosnian King Stephen Tomašević moved the royal seat to Jajce during his war with the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans invaded the city in 1463. Its fall hastened the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia. Main structures and architectural style Within its main walls' enclosure, the royal town of Bobovac had large residential area, the complex of places of worship with the Burial Chapel for the Bosnian Kings and the Grand Church, the Royal Court complex, separated from the rest of the town with its inner walls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milodraž
Milodraž was a settlement in the Kingdom of Bosnia, situated on an important road connecting the towns of Visoko and Fojnica. No remains of it have been found, but royal charters and Ragusan documents confirm that one of the residences of King Tvrtko II and King Thomas was located there. Milodraž was first mentioned in a charter Tvrtko issued to the Ragusans on 18 August 1421, in which he confirmed the grants of his predecessors. The settlement's significance was augmented by two royal weddings which took place in it: the wedding of Tvrtko II and Dorothy Garai, in July 1428, and the wedding of Thomas and Katarina Kosača, in May 1446. It is, however, most notable as the place where Mehmed the Conqueror, following the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia in late May 1463, issued the Ahdname to the Bosna Argentina Franciscan friar Anđeo Zvizdović, promising religious tolerance. Pobrđe Milodraž, the present-day village in Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is located in the same ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mile (Visoko)
Mile ( cyrl, Миле) located in the Visoko basin was a medieval crowning and burial place of Bosnian kings during the Kingdom of Bosnia (13771463). Mile is a protected national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. History Mile held a great importance for Bosnian nobility, and was one of the places for Stanak, the most common name used to refer to the assembly of nobility in medieval Bosnia. From 1367 to 1407 several historical sources mention Ragusan merchants who gave money contributions for the Franciscan friary that was located in Mile, which is, according to sources from 1380 to 1390, identified as Stephen II Kotromanić ban's foundation, the Franciscan friary of Saint Nicholas of the Little Brothers. Mile was first mentioned (in written sources: Mile, Sv. Nikola, Visoko, Mileševo) in 1244, as a place of church of Saint Kuzma and Damjan. The same year, Stephen II Kotromanić built the first Franciscan friary of Saint Nicholas. Mile was the crowning place of Bosnian king ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosančica
Bosnian Cyrillic, widely known as Bosančica is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet that originated in medieval Bosnia. The term was coined at the end of the 19th century by Ćiro Truhelka. It was widely used in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and the bordering areas of modern-day Croatia (southern and middle Dalmatia and Dubrovnik regions). Its name in Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian is ''Bosančica'' and ''Bosanica'' the latter of which can be translated as ''Bosnian script''. Serb scholars call it ''Serbian script'', ''Serbian–Bosnian script'', ''Bosnian–Serb Cyrillic'', as part of variant of Serbian Cyrillic and the term "bosančica" according to them is Austro-Hungarian propaganda. Croat scholars also call it ''Croatian script'', ''Croatian–Bosnian script'', ''Bosnian–Croat Cyrillic'', ''harvacko pismo'', ''arvatica'' or ''Western Cyrillic''. For other names of Bosnian Cyrillic, see below. The use of Bosančica amongst Bosnians was replaced by Arebica upon the introducti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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