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Stabilimenta
A stabilimentum (plural: stabilimenta), also known as a web decoration, is a conspicuous spider silk, silk structure included in the webs of some species of Spider web#Types of spider webs, orb-web spider. Its function is a subject of debate. Origin It is likely that the use of stabilimenta evolved independently at least nine different times. ''Araneus'' and ''Gasteracantha'' make silk stabilimenta, while ''Cyclosa'' and the closely related ''Allocyclosa bifurca'' make stabilimenta of silk, detritus, and their egg sacs. All those evolved independently from those of ''Argiope (spider), Argiope'', although some decorations of ''Allocyclosa bifurca'' closely resemble those of ''Argiope''.Eberhard 2006 Form Although web decorations are common in a number of spider species in the families Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Uloboridae, they are probably best known from spiders of the genus ''Argiope (spider), Argiope''. This genus includes a number of species known as the ''Saint Andrew's C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philoponella Vicina
''Philoponella vicina'' is a species of spider that does not use venom (characteristic of Uloboridae), but instead wraps its prey in hundreds of metres of spider silk to crush it to death. The spider then goes on to regurgitate digestive fluid into the shroud, then consuming the pre-digested liquid. Stabilimenta occur in more than half of constructed orbs, most commonly with two lines pointing up and down from the spider. If only one radius is constructed, it is mostly constructed above the spider. Some spiders build resting webs that are not used for prey capture. These also sometimes feature stabilimenta, suggesting that prey capture plays no role in its construction. When disturbed, the spider flees up one of the stabilimentum lines. Distribution The spider is found natively from Mexico to Costa Rica.World Spider Catalog Footnotes References * Platnick, Norman I. (2007). The world spider catalog', version 8.0. American Museum of Natural History. * Eberhard, William G.; Barr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteracantha Cancriformis
''Gasteracantha cancriformis'' (spinybacked orbweaver) is a species of orb-weaver spider (family Araneidae). It is widely distributed in the New World. The genus name ''Gasteracantha'' derives from the Greek words (', "belly") and (', "thorn"), while the specific epithet ''cancriformis'' derives from the Latin words ' ("crab") and ' ("shape, form, appearance"). Description Females are long and wide. The six abdominal spine-like projections on the abdomen are characteristic. The carapace, legs, and underside are black with white spots under the abdomen. Variations occur in the colour of the upperside of the abdomen - a white or yellow colour with both featuring black spots. A white upper side can have either red or black spines while a yellow upperbside can only have black ones. Like with many other spiders, males are much smaller (2 to 3 mm long) and longer than wide. All morphs have six abdominal spines. They are similar to the females in colour, but have a gray abdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argiope Argentata
''Argiope argentata'', commonly known as the silver argiope due to the silvery color of its cephalothorax, is a member of the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae. This species resides in arid and warm environments in North America, Central America, the Caribbean and widely across South America. In the USA, it is found at least in Southern California, Florida, Arizona, Texas. ''A. argentata'' create stabilimenta and a unique zig-zag in its web design, and it utilizes its UV-reflecting silk to attract pollinating species to prey upon. Like other species of ''Argiope'', its venom is not harmful to humans; however, it can be employed to immobilize its prey. ''A. argentata'' engages in sexual cannibalism either mid- or post-copulation. One aspect of particular interest regarding this species is its extinction patterns, which notably have minimal correlation with its population size but rather occur sporadically for the species. Description ''Argiope argentata'' belongs to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octonoba Yaeyamensis
''Octonoba yaeyamensis'' is a species of cribellate orb weaver in the family of spiders known as Uloboridae. It is endemic to the Yaeyama Islands The Yaeyama Islands (八重山列島 ''Yaeyama-rettō'', also 八重山諸島 ''Yaeyama-shotō'', Yaeyama: ''Yaima'', Yonaguni: ''Daama'', Okinawan: ''Yeema'', Northern Ryukyuan: ''Yapema'') are an archipelago in the southwest of Okinawa ... in the Nansei Archipelago of Japan. References Uloboridae Spiders described in 1981 {{Uloboridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlotte's Web
''Charlotte's Web'' is a book of children's literature by American author E. B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams; it was published on October 15, 1952, by Harper & Brothers. The novel tells the story of a livestock pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a barn spider named Charlotte. When Wilbur is in danger of being Slaughterhouse, slaughtered by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages praising Wilbur such as "Some Pig" and "Humble" in her web in order to persuade the farmer to let him live. Written in White's dry, low-key manner, ''Charlotte's Web'' is considered a classic of children's literature, enjoyed by adults as well as children. The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often-cited example of rhythm in writing, as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing. In 2000, ''Publishers Weekly'' listed the book as the best-selling children's paperback of all time. ''Charlotte's Web'' was adapted into an Charlotte's We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephila
''Nephila'' is a genus of araneomorph spiders noted for the impressive webs they weave. ''Nephila'' consists of numerous species found in warmer regions around the world. They are commonly called golden silk orb-weavers, golden orb-weavers, giant wood spiders, or banana spiders. Etymology The genus name ''Nephila'' is derived from Ancient Greek, meaning "fond of spinning", from the words νεῖν (''nein'') = to spin (related to ''nema'' νήμα "thread") + φίλος (''philos'') = "love". Description ''Nephila'' spiders vary from reddish to greenish yellow in color with distinctive whiteness on the cephalothorax and the beginning of the abdomen. Like many species of the superfamily Araneoidea, most of them have striped legs specialized for weaving (where their tips point inward, rather than outward as is the case with many wandering spiders). Their contrast of dark brown/black and green/yellow allows warning and repelling of potential predators to which their venom might be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclosa Argenteoalba
''Cyclosa argenteoalba'', in the trashline orbweavers genus, is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in East Asia in the countries of China, Japan, and Korea. ''C. argenteoalba'' are diurnal, which means they are active during the day. Each individual has a unique appearance due to their differences in the ratio of black to silver coloring on their abdomen. Spiders with less silver coloring are better at catching prey, since the silver is bright and warns their prey. They catch their prey by waiting in the hub of their web until their prey is close enough to catch. Parasitic larvae are often found attached to ''C. argenteoalba'', and the larvae are able to manipulate the spider's behavior. Females are on average 2 mm longer in size than males. During mating, female genital mutilation is common in order to increase the fitness of the male. On their webs, they often attach silk “decorations” that are thought to deter predators. Relocating t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila
''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. They should not be confused with the Tephritidae, a related family, which are also called fruit flies (sometimes referred to as "true fruit flies"); tephritids feed primarily on unripe or ripe fruit, with many species being regarded as destructive agricultural pests, especially the Mediterranean fruit fly. One species of ''Drosophila'' in particular, ''D. melanogaster'', has been heavily used in research in genetics and is a common model organism in developmental biology. The terms "fruit fly" and "''Drosophila''" are often used synonymously with ''D. melanogaster'' in modern biological literature. The entire genus, however, contains more than 1,500 species and is very diverse in appearance, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octonoba
''Octonoba'' is a genus of Asian cribellate orb weavers first described in 1979 by Brent Opell. Members of this genus and those of ''Purumitra'' both have a large concave median apophysis and a conspicuous hematodocha. However, these spiders are generally much larger, with a carapace greater than 1.4 millimeters long, where those of ''Purumitra'' are usually less than 1 millimeter long. Species , it contains 33 species: *'' Octonoba albicola'' Yoshida, 2012 – Taiwan *'' Octonoba ampliata'' Dong, Zhu & Yoshida, 2005 – China *''Octonoba aurita'' Dong, Zhu & Yoshida, 2005 – China *'' Octonoba basuensis'' Hu, 2001 – China *''Octonoba bicornuta'' Seo, 2018 – Korea *'' Octonoba biforata'' Zhu, Sha & Chen, 1989 – China *'' Octonoba dentata'' Dong, Zhu & Yoshida, 2005 – China *'' Octonoba digitata'' Dong, Zhu & Yoshida, 2005 – China *'' Octonoba grandiconcava'' Yoshida, 1981 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' Octonoba grandiprojecta'' Yoshida, 1981 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' Oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uloborus
''Uloborus'' is a spider genus in the family Uloboridae with 80 described species. Most species occur in the tropics and subtropics, with only few species in northern America and Europe. The chelicerae of these cribellate spiders are robust, but, as all Uloboridae, there are no venom glands. Eight small eyes are present. Species * ''Uloborus albescens'' Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, O. P-Cambridge, 1885 (Yarkant County, Yarkand) * ''Uloborus albofasciatus'' Chrysanthus (arachnologist), Chrysanthus, 1967 (New Guinea) * ''Uloborus albolineatus'' Mello-Leitão, 1941 (Argentina) * ''Uloborus ater'' Mello-Leitão, 1917 (Brazil) * ''Uloborus aureus'' Vinson, 1863 (Madagascar) * ''Uloborus barbipes'' L. Koch, 1872 (Queensland) * ''Uloborus berlandi'' Carl Friedrich Roewer, Roewer, 1951 (Guinea) * ''Uloborus biconicus'' Yin & Hu, 2012 (China) * ''Uloborus bigibbosus'' Eugène Simon, Simon, 1905 (India) * ''Uloborus bispiralis'' Opell, 1982 (New Guinea) * ''Uloborus campestratus'' Simon, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultraviolet Light
Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm (with a corresponding frequency around 30 PHz) to 400 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun. It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights. Although long-wavelength ultraviolet is not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, it can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce. Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules. Short-wave ultraviolet light damages DNA and sterilizes surfaces with which it comes into contact. For h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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