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Software Diversity
Software diversity is a research field about the comprehension and engineering of diversity in the context of software. Areas The different areas of software diversity are discussed in surveys on diversity for fault-tolerance or for security. A recent survey emphasizes on the most recent advances in the field. The main areas are: * design diversity, n-version programming, data diversity for fault tolerance * randomization Randomization is the process of making something random. Randomization is not haphazard; instead, a random process is a sequence of random variables describing a process whose outcomes do not follow a deterministic pattern, but follow an evolution d ... * software variability Domains Software can be diversified in most domains: * in firmware of embedded systems and sensors * in internet applications * in mobile applications * in browser applications, incl. those using WebAssembly. Techniques Code transformations It is possible to amplify software div ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-version Programming
''N''-version programming (NVP), also known as multiversion programming or multiple-version dissimilar software, is a method or process in software engineering where multiple functionally equivalent programs are independently generated from the same initial specifications.N-Version Programming: A Fault-Tolerance Approach to Reliability of Software Operation Liming Chen; Avizienis, A., Fault-Tolerant Computing, 1995, ' Highlights from Twenty-Five Years'., Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on, Vol., Iss., 27-30 Jun 1995, Pages:113- The concept of ''N''-version programming was introduced in 1977 by Liming Chen and Algirdas Avizienis with the central conjecture that the "independence of programming efforts will greatly reduce the probability of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fault Tolerance
Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of one or more faults within some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system, in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability, mission-critical, or even life-critical systems. The ability of maintaining functionality when portions of a system break down is referred to as graceful degradation. A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Randomization
Randomization is the process of making something random. Randomization is not haphazard; instead, a random process is a sequence of random variables describing a process whose outcomes do not follow a deterministic pattern, but follow an evolution described by probability distributions. For example, a random sample of individuals from a population refers to a sample where every individual has a known probability of being sampled. This would be contrasted with nonprobability sampling where arbitrary individuals are selected. In various contexts, randomization may involve: * generating a random permutation of a sequence (such as when shuffling cards); * selecting a random sample of a population (important in statistical sampling); * allocating experimental units via random assignment to a treatment or control condition; * generating random numbers (random number generation); or * transforming a data stream (such as when using a scrambler in telecommunications). Applications Randomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Product Line
Software product lines (SPLs), or software product line development, refers to software engineering methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems from a shared set of software assets using a common means of production. The Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute defines a ''software product line'' as "a set of software-intensive systems that share a common, managed set of features satisfying the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way." Description Manufacturers have long employed analogous engineering techniques to create a product line of similar products using a common factory that assembles and configures parts designed to be reused across the product line. For example, automotive manufacturers can create unique variations of one car model using a single pool of carefully designed parts and a factory specifically designed to configure and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage ( cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user. Large clouds often have functions distributed over multiple locations, each of which is a data center. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and typically uses a "pay as you go" model, which can help in reducing capital expenses but may also lead to unexpected operating expenses for users. Value proposition Advocates of public and hybrid clouds claim that cloud computing allows companies to avoid or minimize up-front IT infrastructure costs. Proponents also claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and that it enables IT teams to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable demand, providing burst computing capability: high computing p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
