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Self-managed Social Centers In Italy
Self-managed social centres in Italy exist in many cities. They are part of different left-wing political networks including anarchist, communist, socialist, and autonomist. The centres (Italian: centri sociali) tend to be squatted and provide self-organised, self-financing spaces for alternative and noncommercial activities such as concerts, exhibitions, farmers' markets, infoshops, and migrant initiatives. Over time, some but not all projects have opted to legalize their status. History Self-managed social centres were first occupied in the mid-1970s in cities such as Milan by groups of young people, both students and unemployed. The social centres in Milan were used for diverse activities such as concerts, films, yoga classes, discussion groups and counselling for drug addicts. They often affiliated themselves with Autonomia Operaia (Workers' Autonomy) and suffered when social movements were repressed following the Years of Lead. A second wave of social centres began in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomia Operaia
Autonomia Operaia (Italian: ''Workers' Autonomy'') was an Italian leftist movement particularly active from 1976 to 1978. It took an important role in the autonomist movement in the 1970s, alongside earlier organisations such as ''Potere Operaio'', created after May 1968, and ''Lotta Continua''. Beginning The autonomist movement gathered itself around the free radio movement, such as ''Onda Rossa'' in Rome, Radio Alice in Bologna, '' Controradio'' in Firenze, Radio Sherwood in Padova, and other local radios, giving it a diffusion in the whole country. It also published several newspapers and magazines which were circulated nationally, above all ''Rosso'' in Milan, '' I Volsci'' in Rome, ''Autonomia'' in Padua and '' A/traverso'' in Bologna. It was a decentralized, localist network or "area" of movements, particularly strong in Rome, Milan, Padua and Bologna, but at its height in 1977 was also often present in small towns and villages where not even the Italian Communist Party (PC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Askatasuna Torino
Askatasuna (from the Basque word meaning "Freedom") is a Basque political party registered on 31 August 1998, outlawed in 2009 by the Audiencia Nacional under the 2002 Political Parties Law. History In 1998 several notable events occurred around the Basque nationalist left: the ''National Table'' of Herri Batasuna was jailed, the Pact of Estella was signed, ETA declared an indefinite truce and the electoral coalition Euskal Herritarrok presented itself to the Basque elections of the same year. Askatasuna was created that year by a small group of members of the Ezker abertzalea that feared the banning of the other political parties and organizations of the Basque national movement. Three years later, in May 2001, with a different situation since ETA had returned to commit deadly attacks, Askatasuna presented lists to the Basque elections in the three provinces. Askatasuna barely campaigned and won a very meager percentage of votes (0.05%). A month later, in June 2001, Euskal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
99 Posse
99 Posse is an Italian hip hop/reggae group from Naples. It raps both in Italian and in the local Neapolitan language. Most of 99 Posse's songs deal with political or social issues, and the group members are considered left-wing hardliners. As a showing of their activism, all of the group's albums have been released with a ''prezzo politico'' ("political price"): each CD displays a sticker saying "Don't pay more than...". For ''99 Posse'', this means "putting into practice a specific understanding about their relationship with the market, a sort of ideal practice." The group has gained popularity in Italy through its songs and its voicing of progressive political causes. Its first album, ''Curre Curre Guagliò'' (1993), was mainly influenced by reggae and world music. Subsequent albums, ''Cerco Tiempo'' (1996) and ''Corto Circuito'' (1998), included new styles like drum 'n bass and trip hop. ''Curre Curre Guaglio'' was self-produced, but rose from its underground status to becom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mietshäuser Syndikat
The ''Mietshäuser Syndikat'' (, abbreviated to MHS) is a cooperative, non-commercial joint venture in Germany that helps communities acquire long-term affordable living space via a legal, collective property arrangement. As of September 2022, there are 177 ''Hausprojekte'' (intentional communities of a roughly housing cooperative form) within the MHS, with 17 further initiatives looking for suitable property. Development The MHS was founded in 1992 in Freiburg im Breisgau by former squatters. As of September 2022, there are 177 MHS projects with over 3,800 residents and over 150,000 m2 of living space collectively: 17 accepted initiatives look for suitable property. The smallest object is a family house for 4 and the biggest is a former barracks of 4 buildings for 265. A regional coordination group for Tübingen was grounded in 2007, with further coordination groups for Bayern, Berlin-Brandenburg, Bremen, Dresden, Hamburg, Gießen, Leipzig, Marburg and Nordrhein-Westfalen develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvairate
Calvairate ( lmo, Calvairaa ) is a district ('' quartiere'') of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre. A small rural settlement (''borgo Borgo may refer to the following places: Finland * Borgå France * Borgo, Haute-Corse Italy * Borgo (rione of Rome), a ''rione'' in the City of Rome. *Borgo a Mozzano, in the province of Lucca *Borgo d'Ale, in the province of Vercelli *Borgo di ...'') in the area of Calvairate is reported at least from the 16th century.Calvairate (in Italian) The centre of the settlement was located in what is now Piazzale Martini. In the 19th century the borgo, which was then part of the '' comune'' of [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brera (district Of Milan)
Brera is a district ("quartiere") of Milan, Italy. It is located within the Zone 1 (the historical core of the city) and it is centred on Via ''Brera''. The name stems from Medieval Italian "braida" or "brera", derived from Old Lombardic "brayda" (often Latinized as "praedium"), meaning a land expanse either cleared of trees or naturally lacking them. This is because around the year 900, the Brera district was situated just outside Milan's city walls and was kept clear for military reasons. The root of the word is the same as that of the Dutch city of Breda's name and the English word "broad". Brera houses the Brera Academy of Fine Arts and the Brera Art Gallery, which prominently contributed to the development of Brera as an artists' neighbourhood and a place of bohemian atmosphere, sometimes referred to as "the milanese Montmartre". Both the academy and the gallery are located in Palazzo Brera, the main historical building of the area; this same building also houses Milan's b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galfa Tower
The Galfa Building or Galfa Tower (''Torre Galfa'' in Italian) is a skyscraper in Milan, Italy, located in the Centro Direzionale di Milano district, north of the city centre. It was designed by architect Melchiorre Bega in 1956 and completed in 1959. The name "Galfa" is a portmanteau derived from the names of the two streets where the tower has its facades, Via Galvani and Via Fara. The building is 109 m and 31 floors high, with 2 more underground floors, and qualifies as the eleventh highest skyscraper in Milan. The overall design of the tower is mainly based on the International Style architecture. The building is rectangular, with the two lowest floors larger than the main body. The main structure in reinforced concrete is almost completely hidden by curtain walls made of glass and aluminium. The tower was originally built for the Sarom company; in the mid-1970s, it was sold by Sarom to the Popolare di Milano bank, and thereafter served as a service centre and headquarter of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libertarian
Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's encroachment on and violations of individual liberties; emphasizing the rule of law, pluralism, cosmopolitanism, cooperation, civil and political rights, bodily autonomy, free association, free trade, freedom of expression, freedom of choice, freedom of movement, individualism and voluntary association. Libertarians are often skeptical of or opposed to authority, state power, warfare, militarism and nationalism, but some libertarians diverge on the scope of their opposition to existing economic and political systems. Various schools of Libertarian thought offer a range of views regarding the legitimate functions of state and private power, often calling for the restriction or dissolution of coercive social institutions. Different cat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unionism
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (such as holiday, health care, and retirement), improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The delegate staff of the trade union representation in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members in democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punk Subculture
The punk subculture includes a diverse and widely known array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature, and film. Largely characterised by anti-establishment views, the promotion of individual freedom, and the DIY ethics, the culture originated from punk rock. The punk ethos is primarily made up of beliefs such as non-conformity, anti-authoritarianism, anti-corporatism, a do-it-yourself ethic, anti-consumerist, anti-corporate greed, direct action, and not "selling out". There is a wide range of punk fashion, including T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery, and body modification. Women in the hardcore scene typically wore masculine clothing. Punk aesthetics determine the type of art punks enjoy, which typically has underground, minimalist, iconoclastic, and satirical sensibilities. Punk has generated a considerable amount of poetry a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porta Ticinese
Porta Ticinese (formerly known as Porta Cicca, and during Napoleonic rule as Porta Marengo)Porta Cicca' (in Italian) is a former city gate of Milan, Italy. The gate, facing south-west, was first created with the Spanish walls of the city, in the 16th century, but the original structure was later demolished and replaced in the early 19th century. The name "Porta Ticinese" is used both to refer to the gate proper and to the surrounding district, part of the Zone 6 administrative division. In the same district there is also a medieval gate with the same name, although in common speech the name "Porta Ticinese" is usually assumed to refer to the 19th century gate. The gate of Porta Ticinese is one of the landmark buildings of Milan and a popular tourist attraction. The name "Porta Ticinese" means "Gate to the Ticino", referred to the Ticino river, that traverses the Po Valley south-west of Milan. The name "Porta Cicca" came about during the Spanish rule of Milan in the 16th centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centro Sociale Leoncavallo
Centro Sociale Leoncavallo is a self-managed social centre in Milan, Italy, which exists since a former factory on via Leoncavallo was squatted in 1975. It was evicted and partially demolished in 1989, then quickly reoccupied and rebuilt. It was evicted again in 1994 and briefly moved to a warehouse for six months before occupying its still extant location on via Antoine Watteau. Activities include concerts, theatre, debates, exhibitions and a radio station. The centre describes itself as Leoncavallo Self-Managed Public Space ( Italian: Leoncavallo Spazio Pubblico Autogestito). History The Leoncavallo social centre was first occupied in 1975. The former Scotti pharmaceutical factory (3,600m²) was on Leoncavallo Street in the northeast of the city. In 1989, the mayor of Milan decided to evict the building's residents in accordance with the wishes of the owner and it was then partially demolished. A few days after the eviction, Leoncavallo was reoccupied and rebuilt by hand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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