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Sciomyzid
The family Sciomyzidae belongs to the typical flies ( Brachycera) of the order Diptera. They are commonly called marsh flies, and in some cases snail-killing flies due to the food of their larvae. Here, the Huttoninidae, Phaeomyiidae and Tetanoceridae are provisionally included in the Sciomyzidae. Particularly the latter seem to be an unequivocal part of this group and are ranked as tribe of subfamily Sciomyzinae by most modern authors, while the former two are very small lineages that may or may not stand outside the family and are provisionally ranked as subfamilies here. Whether the Salticellinae and the group around '' Sepedon'' warrant recognition as additional subfamilies or are better included in the Sciomyzinae proper is likewise not yet entirely clear. Altogether, the main point of contention is the relationship between the "Huttoninidae", "Phaeomyiidae", Sciomyzidae ''sensu stricto'', and the Helosciomyzidae which were also once included in the Sciomyzidae. Sciom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helosciomyzidae
The Helosciomyzidae are a small family of flies - 9 genera and 22 species. All are known from the Southern Hemisphere. With the exception of the South American genus '' Sciogriphoneura'', the family occurs in Australia, New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count .... Little is known of their biology. Classification *'' Cobergius'' Barnes, 1981 :*'' C. vittata'' ( Macquart, 1851) *'' Dasysciomyza'' Barnes, 1981 :*'' D. setuligera'' ( Malloch, 1922) :*'' D. pseudosetuligera'' (Tonnoir & Malloch, 1928) *'' Eurotocus'' Steyskal in Steyskal & Knutson, 1979 :*'' E. australis'' Steyskal in Steyskal & Knutson, 1979 *'' Helosciomyza'' Hendel, 1917 :*'' H. fuscinervis'' ( Macquart, 1851) :*'' H. anaxantha'' Steyskal in Steyskal & Knutson, 1979 :*'' H. australica'' Steyskal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sciomyzinae
Sciomyzinae is a subfamily of flies in the family Sciomyzidae. Genera *Tribe Sciomyzini :*''Apteromicra'' Papp, 2004 :*''Atrichomelina'' Cresson, 1920 :*'' Calliscia'' Steyskal, 1975 :*'' Colobaea'' Zetterstedt, 1837 :*''Ditaeniella'' Sack, 1939 :*''Neuzina'' Marinoni & Knutson, 2004 :*'' Oidematops'' Cresson, 1920 :*''Parectinocera'' Becker, 1919 :*''Pherbellia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 :*''Pseudomelina'' Malloch, 1933 :*''Psacadina'' Enderlein, 1939 :*''Pteromicra'' Lioy, 1864 :*''Sciomyza'' Fallén, 1820 :*''Tetanura'' Fallén, 1820 *Tribe Tetanocerini :*''Anticheta'' Haliday, 1838 :*''Chasmacryptum'' Becker, 1907 :*''Coremacera'' Rondani, 1856 :*''Dichetophora'' Rondani, 1868 :*'' Dictya'' Meigen, 1803 :*'' Dictyacium'' Steyskal, 1956 :*''Dictyodes'' Malloch, 1933 :*'' Ectinocera'' Zetterstedt, 1838 :*'' Elgiva'' Meigen, 1838 :*'' Ethiolimnia'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' Eulimnia'' Tonnoir & Malloch, 1928 :*'' Euthycera'' Latreille, 1829 :*''Euthycerina'' Malloch, 1933 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepedon
''Sepedon'' is a genus of flies in the family Sciomyzidae, the marsh flies or snail-killing flies. Species *Subgenus '' Mesosepedon'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. convergens'' Loew, 1862 :*'' S. dispersa'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. ethiopica'' Steyskal, 1956 :*'' S. pleuritica'' Loew, 1862 :*'' S. schoutedeni'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. tuckeri'' Barraclough, 1985 *Subgenus '' Parasepedon'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. acrosticta'' Verbeke, 1956 :*'' S. albocostata'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. edwardsi'' Steyskal, 1956 :*'' S. iris'' Verbeke, 1961 :*'' S. ituriensis'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. katangensis'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. knutsoni'' Vala, Gbedjissi & Dossou, 1994 :*'' S. lippensi'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. maculifemur'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. madecassa'' Verbeke, 1961 :*'' S. magerae'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. monacha'' Verbeke, 1961 :*'' S. nanoides'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. neavei'' Steyskal, 1956 :*'' S. notambe'' Speiser, 1910 :*'' S. ochripes'' Verbeke, 1950 :*'' S. ophiolimnes'' Steyskal, 1956 :*'' S. orn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pherbellia Annulipes - 2011-08-21
''Pherbellia'' is a genus of flies in the family Sciomyzidae, the marsh flies or snail-killing flies. They occur throughout the world, except for the Subantarctic region. Like many Sciomyzidae, species of this genus have larvae that are predators or parasitoids of snails. The larva of ''P. albovaria'', for example, eats land snails such as '' Anguispira alternata'' and '' A. fergusoni'', and then pupates in the empty shell. The ''P. albocostata'' larva eats up to five snails and then pupates in the ground litter next to the last empty shell. The larva of ''P. inflexa'' attacks the glass snail ''Zonitoides arboreus''. ''P. punctata'' is a parasitoid on the amber snail ''Succinea putris''. ''P. anubis'' larvae feed on several types of freshwater snails along the edges of ponds and marshes. Several ''Pherbellia'' are predators of the pond snail '' Stagnicola palustris''. While most snail-killing flies target land and freshwater pulmonate snails, ''P. prefixa'' preys on the mossy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaeriidae
Sphaeriidae is a family of small to minute freshwater bivalve molluscs in the order Sphaeriida. In the US, they are commonly known as pea clams or fingernail clams. Heard, William H. 1977. Reproduction of fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae: ''Sphaerium'' and ''Musculium''). Malacologia, 16: 421-455. Genera Genera: * Euperinae ** '' Byssanodonta'' d'Orbigny, 1846 ** ''Eupera'' Bourguignat, 1854 * Sphaeriinae ** ''Afropisidium'' Kuiper, 1962 ** ''Euglesa'' Jenyns, 1832 ** ''Musculium'' Link, 1807 ** '' Odhneripisidium'' Kuiper, 1962 ** ''Pisidium'' C. Pfeiffer, 1821 ** ''Sphaerium'' Scopoli, 1777 * fossils ** †'' Megasphaerioides'' Komatsu, J.-H. Chen & Q.-F. Wang, 2003 ** †'' Protosphaerium'' Hocknull, 2000 ** †'' Sphaericoncha'' Kolesnikov, 1980 Biology and ecology Sphaeriidae are hermaphrodites with internal fertilization. Developing young are incubated within their mother (ovoviviparity), and newborn clams look like miniature copies of the adults. Parasites and/or predat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology Of Diptera
Dipteran morphology differs in some significant ways from the broader morphology of insects. The Diptera is a very large and diverse order of mostly small to medium-sized insects. They have prominent compound eyes on a mobile head, and (at most) one pair of functional, membraneous wings, which are attached to a complex mesothorax. The second pair of wings, on the metathorax, are reduced to halteres. The order's fundamental peculiarity is its remarkable specialization in terms of wing shape and the morpho-anatomical adaptation of the thorax – features which lend particular agility to its flying forms. The filiform, stylate or aristate antennae correlate with the Nematocera, Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha taxa respectively. It displays substantial morphological uniformity in lower taxa, especially at the level of genus or species. The configuration of integumental bristles is of fundamental importance in their taxonomy, as is wing venation. It displays a complete metamorphosis (egg, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectar
Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. Nectar plays a crucial role in the foraging economics and evolution of nectar-eating species; for example, nectar foraging behavior is largely responsible for the divergent evolution of the African honey bee, ''A. m. scutellata'' and the western honey bee. Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey. It is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of parasitoid wasps (e.g. the social wasp species ''Apoica flavissima'') rely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasite
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as Armillaria mellea, honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the Orobanchaceae, broomrapes. There are six major parasitic Behavioral ecology#Evolutionarily stable strategy, strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), wikt:trophic, trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), Disease vector, vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropreda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropoda
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Stackelberg
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Stackelberg (sometimes Shtakel'berg; russian: Александр Александрович Штакельберг; 1897–1975) was a Russian entomologist. Stackelberg was born in St. Petersburg and specialised on Diptera, notably Syrphidae. He joined the staff of the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences in 1920, and in 1929 he was made the Director of the Diptera Division. From 1942 he was the Head of the Department of Entomology. He taught entomology to I. A. Rubtsov, B. B. Rohdendorf, Ye. N. Savchenko, and N. A. Violovitch. He wrote over 160 scientific papers. Selected works Fauna USSR series *1970 Family Milichiidae. ''Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR; Diptera and Siphonaptera''. [In Russian; English translation published in 1988 by the Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Comp., Pvt. Ltd.. 5(2):593-601. *1970. Family Tethinidae. ''Keys to the Insects of the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Life Cycle
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle or lifecycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state. "The concept is closely related to those of the life history, development and ontogeny, but differs from them in stressing renewal." Transitions of form may involve growth, asexual reproduction, or sexual reproduction. In some organisms, different "generations" of the species succeed each other during the life cycle. For plants and many algae, there are two multicellular stages, and the life cycle is referred to as alternation of generations. The term life history is often used, particularly for organisms such as the red algae which have three multicellular stages (or more), rather than two.Dixon, P.S. 1973. ''Biology of the Rhodophyta.'' Oliver & Boyd. Life cycles that include sexual reproduction involve alternating haploid (''n'') and diploid (2''n'') stages, i.e., a change of pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australasian Realm
The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku), and the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas. The Australasian realm also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian realm. The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan realm. In the classification scheme developed by Miklos Udvardy, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and New Zealand are placed in the Oceania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
