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Scandium(III) Hydroxide
Scandium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sc(OH)3, the trivalent hydroxide of scandium. It is an amphoteric In chemistry, an amphoteric compound () is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base. What exactly this can mean depends on which definitions of acids and bases are being used. One type of amphoteric species are amphiproti ... compound. It is slightly soluble in water, and its saturated solution (pH = 7.85) contains Sc(OH)3 and a small amount of Sc(OH)2+. The solubility of scandium(III) hydroxide in water is 0.0279 mol/L. It will convert to ScO(OH) after aging, greatly reducing the solubility (0.0008 mol/L). Scandium(III) hydroxide can be produced by reacting scandium salts and alkali hydroxides. In the reaction, different starting ingredients can generate different intermediates such as Sc(OH)1.75Cl1.25, Sc(OH)2NO3 and Sc(OH)2.32(SO4)0.34.Mironov, N. N.; Mal'kevich, N. V. Scandium hydroxide formation reacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandium Chloride
Scandium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula ScCl3. It is a white, high-melting ionic compound, which is deliquescent and highly water-soluble. This salt is mainly of interest in the research laboratory. Both the anhydrous form and hexahydrate (ScCl3•6H2O) are commercially available. Structure ScCl3 crystallises in the layered BiI3 motif, which features octahedral scandium centres. Monomeric ScCl3 is the predominant species in the vapour phase at 900 K, the dimer Sc2Cl6 accounts for approximately 8%.Haaland A., Martinsen K-G, Shorokhov D.J, Girichev G.V., Sokolov V.I, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1998, 2787 - 2792, The electron diffraction spectrum indicates that the monomer is planar and the dimer has two bridging Cl atoms each Sc being 4 coordinate. Reactions ScCl3 is a Lewis acid that absorbs water to give aquo complexes. According to X-ray crystallogrphy, one such hydrate is the salt ''trans''- cCl2(H2O)4l·2H2O. With the less basic ligand tetra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandium Fluoride
Scandium(III) fluoride, ScF3, is an ionic compound. This salt is slightly soluble in water but dissolves in the presence of excess fluoride to form the ScF63− anion. Production ScF3 can be produced by reacting scandium and fluorine.S.A.Cotton, Scandium, Yttrium and the Lanthanides: Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 1994, John Wiley & Sons, . It is also formed during the extraction from the ore thortveitite by the reaction of Sc2O3 with ammonium bifluoride at high temperature:Pradyot Patnaik, 2003, ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals'', McGraw-Hill Professional, . : Sc2O3 + 6 NH4HF2 → 2 ScF3 + 6 NH4F + 3 H2O The resulting mixture contains a number of metal fluorides and this is reduced by reaction with calcium metal at high temperature. Further purification steps are required to produce usable metallic scandium. Properties Scandium trifluoride exhibits the unusual property of negative thermal expansion, meaning it shrinks when heated. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandium Nitrate
Scandium(III) nitrate, Sc(NO3)3, is an ionic compound. It is an oxidizer, as all nitrates are. The salt is applied in optical coatings, catalysts, electronic ceramics and the laser industry. Preparation Scandium nitrate can be prepared by the reaction between scandium metal with dinitrogen tetroxide. :Sc + 3 N2O4 → Sc(NO3)3 + 3 NO The anhydrous form can also be obtained by the reaction between scandium chloride and dinitrogen pentoxide. The tetrahydrate can be obtained from the reaction between scandium hydroxide and nitric acid. Properties Scandium nitrate is a white solid which dissolves in water and ethanol. It has multiple hydrated forms, including the dihydrate, trihydrate, and tetrahydrate. The tri- and tetrahydrate exist in the monoclinic crystal system In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. A crystal system is described by three vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yttrium(III) Hydroxide
Yttrium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound and an alkali with the chemical formula Y(OH)3. Production Yttrium(III) hydroxide can be produced by reacting yttrium(III) nitrate and sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution:田俐，陈稳纯，陈琳 等. 水热法合成氢氧化钇纳米管. 无机材料学报. 2009. 24(2): 335-339 : Y(NO3)3 + 3 NaOH → Y(OH)3↓ + 3 NaNO3 This gives yttrium(III) hydroxide as a white gelatinous precipitate, which can be dried to a white powder. Chemical properties Yttrium(III) hydroxide is an alkali, so it can react with acid: : Y(OH)3 + 3 HNO3 → Y(NO3)3 + 3 H2O : 2 Y(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 → Y2(SO4)3 + 3 H2O The compound absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide ( chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is trans .... When heated, yttrium(III) hydroxide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lutetium(III) Hydroxide
Lutetium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbol ... Lu(OH)3. Production Reacting lutetium chloride and alkalis will first produce Lu(OH)2Cl, then it will become Lu(OH)2.5Cl0.5. Finally, the reaction will produce Lu(OH)3.Aksel'rud, N. V.; Akhrameeva, T. I. Basic chlorides and hydroxide of lutetium. ''Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii'', 1962. 7. pp 1998-2001. . :LuCl3+2 NaOH→Lu(OH)2Cl+2 NaCl :Lu(OH)2Cl+0.5 NaOH→Lu(OH)2.5Cl0.5+0.5 NaCl :Lu(OH)2.5Cl0.5+0.5 NaOH→Lu(OH)3+0.5 NaCl Chemical properties Lutetium(III) hydroxide can react with acid and form lutetium(III) salts： : Lu(OH)3 + 3 H+ → Lu3+ + 3 H2O While heating lutetium(III) hydroxide, it will produce LuO(OH), continued heating could produce Lu2O3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic Compound
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemistry''. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. Some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, etc.), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbides, and the following salts of inorganic anions: carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and thiocyanates. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it does not occur within living things. History Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group –OH of atoms is the hydroxy group. Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry. Many inorganic substances which bear the word ''hydroxide'' in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups. Hydroxide ion The hydroxide ion is a natural par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandium
Scandium is a chemical element with the symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metallic d-block element. Historically, it has been classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the Lanthanides. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia. Scandium is present in most of the deposits of rare-earth and uranium compounds, but it is extracted from these ores in only a few mines worldwide. Because of the low availability and difficulties in the preparation of metallic scandium, which was first done in 1937, applications for scandium were not developed until the 1970s, when the positive effects of scandium on aluminium alloys were discovered, and its use in such alloys remains its only major application. The global trade of scandium oxide is 15–20 tonnes per year. The properties of scandium compounds are intermediate between those of aluminium and yttrium. A diagonal relationship exists betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphoteric
In chemistry, an amphoteric compound () is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base. What exactly this can mean depends on which definitions of acids and bases are being used. One type of amphoteric species are amphiprotic molecules, which can either donate or accept a proton (). This is what "amphoteric" means in Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. Examples include amino acids and proteins, which have amine () and carboxylic acid () groups, and self-ionizable compounds such as water. Ampholytes are amphoteric molecules that contain both acidic and basic functional groups. For example, an amino acid has both a basic group and an acidic group , and exists as several structures in chemical equilibrium: :H2N-RCH-CO2H + H2O H2N-RCH-COO- + H3O+ H3N+-RCH-COOH + OH- H3N+-RCH-COO- + H2O In approximately neutral aqueous solution (pH ≅ 7), the basic amino group is mostly protonated and the carboxylic acid is mostly deprotonated, so that the predominant spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandium Compounds
: Scandium compounds are compounds containing the element scandium. The chemistry of scandium is almost completely dominated by the trivalent ion, Sc3+, due to its electron configuration, r3d14s2. The radii of M3+ ions in the table below indicate that the chemical properties of scandium ions have more in common with yttrium ions than with aluminium ions. In part because of this similarity, scandium is often classified as a lanthanide-like element. +3 oxidation state Oxides and hydroxides The oxide and the hydroxide are amphoteric: : + 3 → (scandate ion) : + 3 + 3 → α- and γ-ScOOH are isostructural with their aluminium hydroxide oxide counterparts. Solutions of in water are acidic due to hydrolysis. Halides and pseudohalides The halides , where X= Cl, Br, or I, are very soluble in water, but is insoluble. In all four halides, the scandium is 6-coordinated. The halides are Lewis acids; for example, dissolves in a solution containing excess fluorid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
