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Sappan
''Biancaea sappan'' is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is native to tropical Asia. Common names in English include sappanwood and Indian redwood. Sappanwood is related to brazilwood (''Paubrasilia echinata''), and was originally called "brezel wood" in Europe. Biencaea sappan can be infected by twig dieback (''Lasiodiplodia theobromae''). This plant has many uses. It has antibacterial and anticoagulant properties. It also produces a valuable reddish dye called brazilin, used for dyeing fabric as well as making red paints and inks. Slivers of heartwood are used for making herbal drinking water in various regions, such as Kerala, Karnataka and Central Java, where it is usually mixed with ginger, cinnamon, and cloves. The heartwood also contains juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), which has antimicrobial activity. Homoisoflavonoids (sappanol, episappanol, 3'-deoxysappanol, 3'-O-methylsappanol, 3'-O-methylepisappanol and sappanone A) can also be f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilin
Brazilin is a naturally occurring red dye obtained from the wood of ''Paubrasilia echinata'', ''Caesalpinia sappan'', ''Caesalpinia violacea'', and ''Haematoxylum brasiletto'' (also known as Natural Red 24 and CI 75280). Brazilin has been used since at least the Middle Ages to natural dye, dye fabric, and has been used to make paints and inks as well. The specific color produced by the pigment depends on its manner of preparation: in an acidic solution brazilin will appear yellow, but in an alkaline preparation it will appear red. Brazilin is closely related to the blue-black dye precursor haematoxylin, hematoxylin, having one fewer hydroxyl group. Brazilein, the active dye agent, is an oxidized form of brazilin. Sources of brazilin Brazilin is obtained from the wood of ''Paubrasilia echinata'', ''Caesalpinia sappan'' (Sappanwood), ''Caesalpinia violacea'', and ''Haematoxylum brasiletto''. The sappanwood is found in India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, the latter being a ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilwood
''Paubrasilia echinata'' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It is a Brazilian timber tree commonly known as Pernambuco wood or brazilwood ( pt, pau-de-pernambuco, ; Tupi: ) and is the national tree of Brazil. This plant has a dense, orange-red heartwood that takes a high shine, and it is the premier wood used for making bows for stringed instruments. The wood also yields a historically important red dye called brazilin, which oxidizes to brazilein. The name ''pau-brasil'' was applied to certain species of the genus ''Caesalpinia'' in the medieval period, and was given its original scientific name ''Caesalpinia echinata'' in 1785 by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. More recent taxonomic studies have suggested that it merits recognition as a separate genus, and it was thus renamed ''Paubrasilia echinata'' in 2016. The Latin specific epithet of ''echinata'' refers to hedgehog, from ''echinus'', and describes t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sappanol
Sappanol is a 3,4-dihydroxyhomoisoflavan, a type of homoisoflavonoid, that can be found in ''Caesalpinia sappan ''Biancaea sappan'' is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is native to tropical Asia. Common names in English include sappanwood and Indian redwood. Sappanwood is related to brazilwood (''Paubrasilia echinata''), ...''.Homoisoflavonoids and related compounds. II. Isolation and absolute configurations of 3,4-dihydroxylated homoisoflavans and brazilins from Caesalpinia sappan L. Michio Namikoshi, Hiroyuki Nakata, Hiroyuki Yamada, Minako Nagai and Tamotsu Saitoh, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1987, volume 35, number 7, pages 2761-2773abstract References Homoisoflavonoids {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sappanone A
Sappanone A is a homoisoflavanone that can be found in ''Caesalpinia sappan ''Biancaea sappan'' is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is native to tropical Asia. Common names in English include sappanwood and Indian redwood. Sappanwood is related to brazilwood (''Paubrasilia echinata''), ...''. References Homoisoflavonoids {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caesalpinieae
The tribe Caesalpinieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae: subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Genera Caesalpinieae once included many more genera, but modern molecular phylogenetics indicated that these should be transferred to other clades. Caesalpinieae currently comprises the following genera: *'' Arquita'' E. Gagnon, G. P. Lewis & C. E. Hughes 2015 *'' Balsamocarpon'' Clos 1846 *'' Biancaea'' (Tod. 1860) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis 2016 *''Caesalpinia'' (L. 1753) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis 2016 *'' Cenostigma'' (Tul. 1843) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis 2016 *''Cordeauxia'' Hemsl. 1907 *'' Coulteria'' (Kunth 1824) E. Gagnon, Sotuyo & G. P. Lewis 2016 *''Denisophytum'' (R. Vig. 1948) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis 2016 *'' Erythrostemon'' (Klotzsch 1844) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis 2016 *'' Gelrebia'' E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis 2016 *'' Guilandina'' L. 1753 *'' Haematoxylum'' L. 1753 *'' Hererolandia'' E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis 2016 *''Hoffmannseggia'' Cav. 1798 *'' Hultholia'' E. G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Seal Ships
were Japanese armed merchant sailing ships bound for Southeast Asia, Southeast Asian ports with red-sealed letters patent issued by the early Tokugawa shogunate in the first half of the 17th century. Between 1600 and 1635, more than 350 Japanese ships went overseas under this permit system. Origins From the 13th to the 16th century, Japanese ships were quite active in Asian waters, often in the role of "Wokou, wakō" pirates who plundered the coast of the History of China#Imperial China, Chinese Empire. Official trading missions were also sent to China, such as the Tenryūji-bune around 1341. Wakō activity was efficiently curbed in the late 16th century with the interdiction of piracy by Hideyoshi, and the successful campaigns against pirate activity on the Chinese coast by Ming dynasty generals. Between the 15th and the 16th century, the main trading intermediary in Eastern Asia was the island Ryūkyū Kingdom, kingdom of the Ryūkyū (modern Okinawa), which exchanged J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae
''Lasiodiplodia theobromae'' is a plant pathogen with a very wide host range. It causes rotting and dieback in most species it infects. It is a common post harvest fungus disease of citrus known as stem-end rot. It is a cause of bot canker of grapevine.Identification and Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia seriata, the Causal Agents of Bot Canker Disease of Grapevines in Mexico. J. R. Úrbez-Torres, G. M. Leavitt, J. C. Guerrero, J. Guevara and W. D. Gubler, Plant Disease, April 2008, Volume 92, Number 4, pages 519-529, It also infects '' Biancaea sappan'', a species of flowering tree also known as Sappanwood. On rare occasions it has been found to cause fungal keratitis, lesions on nail and subcutaneous tissue. It has been implicated in the widespread mortality of baobab (''Adansonia digitata'') trees in Southern Africa. A preliminary study found the deaths to have a complex set of causes requiring detailed research. Host and symptoms ''L. theobromae'' ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plants Described In 1753
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants") which is sister of the Glaucophyta, and consists of the green algae and Embryophyta (land plants). The latter includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. Most plants are multicellular organisms. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and have lost the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Least Concern Biota Of Asia
Comparison is a feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe. In languages that have it, the comparative construction expresses quality, quantity, or degree relative to ''some'' other comparator(s). The superlative construction expresses the greatest quality, quantity, or degree—i.e. relative to ''all'' other comparators. The associated grammatical category is degree of comparison. The usual degrees of comparison are the ''positive'', which simply denotes a property (as with the English words ''big'' and ''fully''); the ''comparative'', which indicates ''greater'' degree (as ''bigger'' and ''more fully''); and the ''superlative'', which indicates ''greatest'' degree (as ''biggest'' and ''most fully''). Some languages have forms indicating a very large degree of a particular quality (called ''elative'' in Semiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Least Concern Plants
Comparison is a feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe. In languages that have it, the comparative construction expresses quality, quantity, or degree relative to ''some'' other comparator(s). The superlative construction expresses the greatest quality, quantity, or degree—i.e. relative to ''all'' other comparators. The associated grammatical category is degree of comparison. The usual degrees of comparison are the ''positive'', which simply denotes a property (as with the English words ''big'' and ''fully''); the ''comparative'', which indicates ''greater'' degree (as ''bigger'' and ''more fully''); and the ''superlative'', which indicates ''greatest'' degree (as ''biggest'' and ''most fully''). Some languages have forms indicating a very large degree of a particular quality (called ''elative'' in Semit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trees Of China
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are some three trillion mature trees in the world. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typically c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Lasiodiplodia_fruit_rot.jpg "Click for more on -> Lasiodiplodia Theobromae")
