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Renal Vein
The renal veins are large-calibre veins that drain blood filtered by the kidneys into the inferior vena cava. There is one renal vein draining each kidney. Because the inferior vena cava is on the right half of the body, the left renal vein is longer than the right one. Structure One renal vein drains each kidney. A renal vein is situated anterior to its corresponding accompanying renal artery. The renal veins empty into the inferior vena cava, entering it at nearly a 90° angle. Due to the right-ward displacement of the inferior vena cava from the midline, the left renal vein is some 3 times longer than the right one (~7.5 cm and ~2.5 cm, respectively). The renal vein divides into 4 divisions upon entering the kidney: * the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, * the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Tributaries Because the tributaries of the inferior vena cava are not bilaterally symmetrical, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renal Pyramid
The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the segmental arteries which then branch to form interlobar arteries. The interlobar arteries each in turn branch into arcuate arteries, which in turn branch to form interlobular arteries, and these finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel and into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, through the distal tubule and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal pelvis, the dilated portion of the ureter. The renal medulla (Latin: ''medulla renis'' 'marrow of the kidney') contains the structures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interlobar Veins
The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. External links * - "Renal Vasculature: Efferent Arterioles & Peritubular Capillaries" * - "Urinary System: neonatal kidney, vasculature" Kidney anatomy {{circulatory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nutcracker Syndrome
The nutcracker syndrome (NCS) results most commonly from the compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), although other variants exist. The name derives from the fact that, in the sagittal plane and/or transverse plane, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein). Furthermore, the venous return from the left gonadal vein returning to the left renal vein is blocked, thus causing testicular pain (colloquially referred to as "nut pain"). There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which frequently results in delayed or incorrect diagnosis. The first clinical report of Nutcracker phenomenon appeared in 1950. This condition is not to be confused with superior mesenteric artery syndrome, which is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA and the AA. Signs and symptoms The signs and sympt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superior Mesenteric Artery
In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is an artery which arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies blood to the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas. Structure It arises anterior to lower border of vertebra L1 in an adult. It is usually 1 cm lower than the celiac trunk. It initially travels in an anterior/inferior direction, passing behind/under the neck of the pancreas and the splenic vein. Located under this portion of the superior mesenteric artery, between it and the aorta, are the following: * left renal vein - travels between the left kidney and the inferior vena cava (can be compressed between the SMA and the abdominal aorta at this location, leading to nutcracker syndrome). * the third part of the duodenum, a segment of the small intestines (can be compressed by the SMA at this location, lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Of The Pancreas
The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland. The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland, i.e. it has both an endocrine and a digestive exocrine function. 99% of the pancreas is exocrine and 1% is endocrine. As an endocrine gland, it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. As a part of the digestive system, it functions as an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. This juice contains bicarbonate, which neutralizes acid entering the duodenum from the stomach; and digestive enzymes, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food entering the duodenum from the stomach. Inflammation of the pancreas is known as pancreatitis, with common causes including chronic alcohol use and gallstones. Because of it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Splenic Vein
The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The word spleen comes .σπλήν Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library The spleen plays very important roles in regard to s (erythrocytes) and the . It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumbar Vein
The lumbar veins are four pairs of veins running along the inside of the posterior abdominal wall, and drain venous blood from parts of the abdominal wall. Each lumbar vein accompanies a single lumbar artery. The lower two pairs of lumbar veins all drain directly into the inferior vena cava, whereas the fate of the upper two pairs is more variable. Lumbar veins are the lumbar equivalent of the posterior intercostal veins of the thorax. Structure A lumbar vein accompanies each of the four lumbar arteries on each side of the body. Distribution and tributaries Collectively, the lumbar veins drain blood from the territories supplied by the corresponding lumbar arteries (the posterior, lateral, and anterior abdominal wall). The lumbar veins drain the anterior spinal veins. Fate The 3rd and 4th lumbar veins drain into the inferior vena cava. The fate of the superior two lumbar veins us far more variable, and may drain into either the inferior vena cava, ascending lumbar ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left Ovarian Vein
The ovarian vein, the female gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the female equivalent of the testicular vein, and is the venous counterpart of the ovarian artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. Structure It is a paired vein, each one supplying an ovary. * The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensatory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava. * The left ovarian vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava.Lampmann LE, Smeets AJ, Lohle PN. Uterine fibroids: targeted embolization, an update on technique. Abdom Imaging. 2003 Oct 31; . Pathology Thrombosis of ovarian vein is associated with postpartum endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, diverticulitis, appendicitis Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms commonly include right lower abdominal pain, nausea, v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left Testicular Vein
The testicular vein (or spermatic vein), the male gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding testis to the inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. Structure It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis: * the right testicular vein generally joins the inferior vena cava; * the left testicular vein, unlike the right one, joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. The veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis. They unite and form a convoluted plexus, called the pampiniform plexus, which constitutes the greater mass of the spermatic cord; the vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord, in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring, they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonadal Vein
In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carries blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. These are different arteries in women ( ovarian vein) and men (testicular vein), but share the same embryological origin. The termination of the two gonadal veins in an individual is usually asymmetrical, with the left one draining into the left renal vein, and the right one draining into the inferior vena cava. Anatomy Fate The left gonadal vein usually empties into (inferior aspect of) the ipsilateral renal vein proximally to where the renal vein crossing over the aorta. The right gonadal vein typically empties directly into the (right anterolateral aspect of) inferior vena cava, joining it at an acute angle, some 2 cm inferior to the ipsilateral renal vein The renal veins are large-calibre veins that drain blood filtered by the kidneys into the inferior vena cava. There is one renal vein draining each kidney. Because the inferior vena ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suprarenal Vein
The suprarenal veins are two in number: * the ''right'' ends in the inferior vena cava. * the ''left'' ends in the left renal or left inferior phrenic vein. They receive blood from the adrenal glands and will sometimes form anastomoses An anastomosis (, plural anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be norm ... with the inferior phrenic veins. Additional images File:Gray480.png, Diagram showing completion of development of the parietal veins File:Gray1183.png, Suprarenal glands viewed from the front File:Gray1184.png, Suprarenal glands viewed from behind References External links Veins of the torso Adrenal gland {{circulatory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferior Phrenic Vein
The inferior phrenic veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; * the right ends in the inferior vena cava; * the left is often represented by two branches, ** one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, ** while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of th .... References Veins of the torso {{circulatory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
