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Rupiah
The rupiah (symbol: Rp; currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia. It is issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. The name " rupiah" is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, (). Sometimes, Indonesians also informally use the word ("silver" in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins. The rupiah is divided into 100 ''sen'', although high inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in obsolete. Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists fighting for independence, the currency replaced a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden, which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years, the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch. The Riau Islands and the Indonesian half of New Guinea ('' Irian Barat'') had their own variants of the rupiah in the past, but these were subsumed into the national rupiah in 1964 and 1971, res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perum Peruri
The Money-printing Public Corporation of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Perusahaan Umum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia, shortened as Peruri) is the Indonesian state-owned banknote/ security printers and mint, established on 15 September 1971 through the merger of state mint ''Artha Yasa'' and state printers ''Pertjetakan Kebajoran'' (a.k.a. Perkeba). Printers Pertjetakan Kebajoran had originally been established with assistance from Dutch banknote printers Joh. Enschedé. It has offices in Jakarta, Karawang and Surabaya, with marketing and administrative functions taking place in Jakarta, and printing and minting occurring in Karawang and Surabaya. Since 2007, Perum Peruri has also been printing Nepalese Rupees. References External links Official site Banknote printing companies 1971 establishments in Indonesia United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riau Islands
The Riau Islands ( id, Kepulauan Riau) is a province of Indonesia. It comprises a total of 1,796 islands scattered between Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo including the Riau Archipelago. Situated on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes along the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea, the province shares water borders with neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. The Riau Islands also has a relatively large potential of mineral resources, energy, as well as marine resources. The capital of the province is Tanjung Pinang and the largest city is Batam. The Riau archipelago was once part of the Johor Sultanate, which was later partitioned between the Dutch East Indies and British Malaya after the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, in which the archipelago fell under Dutch influence. A Dutch protectorate, the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, was established in the region between 1824 and 1911 before being directly ruled by the Dutch East Indies. The archipelago ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Language
Indonesian ( ) is the official language, official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standard language, standardized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most list of countries by population, populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitants—of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the most List of languages by total number of speakers, widely spoken languages in the world.James Neil Sneddon. ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society''. UNSW Press, 2004. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous languages of Indonesia, local languages; examples include Javanese language, Javanese and Sundanese language, Sundanese, which are commonly used at home a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Irian Rupiah
The West Irian rupiah was a distinct currency of West Irian (formerly West New Guinea) between 1963 and 1973. It replaced the West New Guinea gulden at par and was replaced by the Indonesian rupiah at the rate of 1 West Irian rupiah = 18.9 Indonesian rupiah. History The presence of the Dutch in Netherlands New Guinea had been a subject of disagreement ever since the treaty that negotiated the Dutch withdrawal from Indonesia in 1949. The Dutch were unwilling to cede to Indonesian control, preferring instead to establish a state of Papua. The Indonesians eventually broke off diplomatic relations with the Dutch, on 17 August 1960. Due to the Indonesians insurgency and confusion over the status of the province, the UN took control as West New Guinea under the authority of the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority on 1 October 1962. On 1 May 1963, UNTEA agreed that the province would be transferred to Indonesia, as Irian Barat (West Irian), a province of Indonesia. By Presidenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riau Rupiah
The Riau rupiah was a distinct currency of the Riau Archipelago between 1963 and 1964. It replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar at par and was replaced by the Indonesian rupiah at the rate of 1 Riau rupiah = 14.7 Indonesian rupiah. History Riau, though part of Dutch and Indonesian territory, was economically under the influence of neighbouring MalayaIn order to affirm its fiscal stake in the region, a decree was passed on 15 October 1963 to replace the Malaya and British Borneo dollar (the circulating currency) with an Indonesian-issued currency, the Riau rupiah, which replaced the dollar at par. Although the Riau rupiah resembled the Indonesian rupiah in appearance, it had a much higher value. Malayan money was withdrawn from 1 November 1963. The Riau rupiah was exchangeable as a foreign currency with the Indonesian rupiah. The Riau rupiah was much shorter lived than the West Irian rupiah (which circulated from May 1963 until 1971), and, by Presidential decree effective fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Transitional Administration In East Timor
The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), ( pt, Administração Transitória das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste), was a United Nations mission in East Timor that aimed to solve the decades long East Timorese crisis in the area occupied by Indonesian military. UNTAET provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, from its establishment on 25 October 1999, until its independence on 20 May 2002, following the outcome of the East Timor Special Autonomy Referendum. The transitional administration was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1272 in 1999. A rarity for United Nations peacekeeping missions, UNTAET involved the United Nations directly administering the territory of East Timor. The mission's responsibilities included providing a peacekeeping force to maintain security and order; facilitating and co-ordinating relief assistance to the East Timorese; facilitating emerg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palm Cockatoo
The palm cockatoo (''Probosciger aterrimus''), also known as the goliath cockatoo or great black cockatoo, is a large smoky-grey or black parrot of the cockatoo family native to New Guinea, Aru Islands, and Cape York Peninsula. It has a very large black beak and prominent red cheek patches. Taxonomy The palm cockatoo was originally described by German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788 as ''Psittacus aterrimus''. Its specific name, ''Probosciger aterrimus'', is from Latin ''proboscis'', long thin nose + ''-ger'', carry, and Latin superlative adjective for ''ater'', black, hence a "black irdwith a long thin nose (beak)". The only member of the monotypic genus, ''Probosciger'', the palm cockatoo is a member of the white cockatoo subfamily Cacatuinae. Earlier limited genetic studies found it to be the earliest offshoot from the ancestors of what have become the cockatoo family. Four subspecies are recognized, three poorly differentiated and one distinctive. The Cape Yo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IDR 100 Koin
IDR may refer to: * Indonesian rupiah, by ISO 4217 currency code * IDR, IATA code for Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore, India * Instantaneous Decoding Refresh in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video, see Network Abstraction Layer * Incentive Distribution Rights, see Master limited partnership * Idiosyncratic drug reaction, a type of adverse drug reaction that is specific to an individual * Indian Depository Receipt, a financial instrument * Inner Distribution Road, a ring road in Reading, Berkshire, UK * International Depository Receipt, a negotiable security * Iskandar Development Region, the southern development corridor in Johor, Malaysia * In Death Reborn, album by ''Army of the Pharaohs AOTP logo ''(as seen on In Death Reborn)'' Army of the Pharaohs (most commonly abbreviated as AOTP or A.O.T.P.) is an American underground hip hop collective originating from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, formed by Jedi Mind Tricks founder ...'' * Volkswagen I.D. R {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black-naped Oriole
The black-naped oriole (''Oriolus chinensis'') is a passerine bird in the oriole family that is found in many parts of Asia. There are several distinctive populations within the wide distribution range of this species and in the past the slender-billed oriole (''Oriolus tenuirostris'') was included as a subspecies. Unlike the Indian golden oriole which only has a short and narrow eye-stripe, the black-naped oriole has the stripe broadening and joining at the back of the neck. Males and females are very similar although the wing lining of the female is more greenish. The bill is pink and is stouter than in the golden oriole. Taxonomy and systematics In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the black-naped oriole in his based on a specimen that he mistakenly believed had been collected in the former French colony of Cochinchina in what is now southern Vietnam. He used the French name and the Latin . The two stars (**) at the start of the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garuda Pancasila
The national emblem or coat of arms of Indonesia is called ''Garuda Pancasila''. The main part is the Garuda with a heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs. The shield's five emblems represent '' Pancasila'', the five principles of Indonesia's national ideology. The Garuda claws gripping a white ribbon scroll inscribed with the national motto '' Bhinneka Tunggal Ika'' written in black text, which can be loosely translated as "Unity in Diversity". ''Garuda Pancasila'' was designed by Sultan Hamid II from Pontianak, supervised by Sukarno, and was adopted as the national emblem on 11 February 1950. History Garuda, the discipled carrier or vehicle (vahana) of the Hindu god Vishnu, appears in many ancient Hindu-Buddhist temples of ancient Indonesia. Temples such as Mendut, Borobudur, Sajiwan, Prambanan, Kidal, Penataran, Belahan, and Sukuh depict the images (bas-relief or statue) of Garuda. In Prambanan temple complex, there is a single temple lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IDR 50 Koin
IDR may refer to: * Indonesian rupiah, by ISO 4217 currency code * IDR, IATA code for Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore, India * Instantaneous Decoding Refresh in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video, see Network Abstraction Layer * Incentive Distribution Rights, see Master limited partnership * Idiosyncratic drug reaction, a type of adverse drug reaction that is specific to an individual * Indian Depository Receipt, a financial instrument * Inner Distribution Road, a ring road in Reading, Berkshire, UK * International Depository Receipt, a negotiable security * Iskandar Development Region, the southern development corridor in Johor, Malaysia * In Death Reborn, album by ''Army of the Pharaohs AOTP logo ''(as seen on In Death Reborn)'' Army of the Pharaohs (most commonly abbreviated as AOTP or A.O.T.P.) is an American underground hip hop collective originating from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, formed by Jedi Mind Tricks founder ...'' * Volkswagen I.D. R {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive but large pieces are slow to react with air under standard conditions because a passivation layer of nickel oxide forms on the surface that prevents further corrosion. Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere. Meteoric nickel is found in combination with iron, a reflection of the origin of those elements as major end products of supernova nucleosynthesis. An iron–nickel mixture is thought to compose Earth's outer and inner cores. Use of nickel (as natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back as 3500 BCE. Nickel was first isolated and classified a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_1960_5r_o.jpg "Click for more on -> West Irian Rupiah")
_1960_5r_o.jpg "Click for more on -> Riau Rupiah")
-_immature_in_Kolkata_W_IMG_6532.jpg "Click for more on -> Black-naped Oriole")
