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Run-time Algorithm Specialization
In computer science, run-time algorithm specialization is a methodology for creating efficient algorithms for costly computation tasks of certain kinds. The methodology originates in the field of automated theorem proving and, more specifically, in the Vampire theorem prover project. The idea is inspired by the use of partial evaluation in optimising program translation. Many core operations in theorem provers exhibit the following pattern. Suppose that we need to execute some algorithm \mathit(A,B) in a situation where a value of A ''is fixed for potentially many different values of'' B. In order to do this efficiently, we can try to find a specialization of \mathit for every fixed A, i.e., such an algorithm \mathit_A, that executing \mathit_A(B) is equivalent to executing \mathit(A,B). The specialized algorithm may be more efficient than the generic one, since it can ''exploit some particular properties'' of the fixed value A. Typically, \mathit_A(B) can avoid some operations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Computer science spans Theoretical computer science, theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to Applied science, applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of Computer architecture, hardware and Software engineering, software). Algorithms and data structures are central to computer science. The theory of computation concerns abstract models of computation and general classes of computational problem, problems that can be solved using them. The fields of cryptography and computer security involve studying the means for secure communication and preventing security vulnerabilities. Computer graphics (computer science), Computer graphics and computational geometry address the generation of images. Programming language theory considers different ways to describe computational processes, and database theory concerns the management of re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree (abstract Data Type)
In computer science, a tree is a widely used abstract data type that represents a hierarchical tree structure with a set of connected nodes. Each node in the tree can be connected to many children (depending on the type of tree), but must be connected to exactly one parent, except for the ''root'' node, which has no parent (i.e., the root node as the top-most node in the tree hierarchy). These constraints mean there are no cycles or "loops" (no node can be its own ancestor), and also that each child can be treated like the root node of its own subtree, making recursion a useful technique for tree traversal. In contrast to linear data structures, many trees cannot be represented by relationships between neighboring nodes (parent and children nodes of a node under consideration, if they exist) in a single straight line (called edge or link between two adjacent nodes). Binary trees are a commonly used type, which constrain the number of children for each parent to at most two. When ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information And Computation
''Information and Computation'' is a closed-access computer science journal published by Elsevier (formerly Academic Press). The journal was founded in 1957 under its former name ''Information and Control'' and given its current title in 1987. , the current editor-in-chief is David Peleg. The journal publishes 12 issues a year. History ''Information and Computation'' was founded as ''Information and Control'' in 1957 at the initiative of Leon Brillouin and under the editorship of Leon Brillouin, Colin Cherry and Peter Elias. Murray Eden joined as editor in 1962 and became sole editor-in-chief in 1967. He was succeeded by Albert R. Meyer in 1981, under whose editorship the journal was rebranded ''Information and Computation'' in 1987 in response to the shifted focus of the journal towards theory of computation and away from control theory. In 2020, Albert Mayer was succeeded by David Peleg as editor-in-chief of the journal. Indexing All articles from the ''Information and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IJCAR
The International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR) is a series of conferences on the topics of automated reasoning, automated deduction, and related fields. It is organized semi-regularly as a merger of other meetings. IJCAR replaces those independent conferences in the years it takes place. The conference is organized by the organizers of the Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE), and CADE has always been one of the conferences partaking in IJCAR. * The first IJCAR was held in Siena, Italy on 18–22 June 2001, as a merger of CADE, FTP, and TABLEAUX, and which included the ''IJCAR ATP System Competition'' (CASC-JC) on 21 June 2001. * The second IJCAR was held in Cork, Ireland in 2004 as a merger of CADE, FTP, TABLEAUX, FroCoS and CALCULEMUS. * The third IJCAR was held as an independent subconference of the fourth Federated Logic Conference in Seattle, United States, and merged CADE, FTP, TABLEAUX, FroCoS and TPHOLs. * The fourth IJCAR was held in Sydney, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Voronkov
Andrei Anatolievič Voronkov (born 1959) is a Professor of Formal methods in the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester. Education Voronkov was educated at Novosibirsk State University, graduating with a PhD in 1987. Research Voronkov is known for the Vampire (theorem prover), Vampire Automated theorem proving, automated theorem prover, the EasyChair conference management software, the ''Handbook of Automated Reasoning'' (with John Alan Robinson, 2001), and as organiser of the Alan Turing Centenary Conference 2012. Voronkov's research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Awards and honours In 2015, his contributions to the field of automated reasoning were recognized with the Herbrand Award. He has won 25 division titles in the CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) at the Conference on Automated Deduction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-stage Programming
Multi-stage programming (MSP) is a variety of metaprogramming in which compilation is divided into a series of intermediate phases, allowing typesafe run-time code generation. Statically defined types are used to verify that dynamically constructed types are valid and do not violate the type system. In MSP languages, expressions are qualified by notation that specifies the phase at which they are to be evaluated. By allowing the specialization of a program at run-time, MSP can optimize the performance of programs: it can be considered as a form of partial evaluation that performs computations at compile-time as a trade-off to increase the speed of run-time processing. Multi-stage programming languages support constructs similar to the Lisp Lisp (historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish notation#Explanation, prefix notation. Originally specified in the late 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Python (programming Language)
Python is a high-level programming language, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is type system#DYNAMIC, dynamically type-checked and garbage collection (computer science), garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured programming, structured (particularly procedural programming, procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library. Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC (programming language), ABC programming language, and he first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psyco
Psyco is an unmaintained specializing just-in-time compiler for pre-2.7 Python originally developed by Armin Rigo and further maintained and developed by Christian Tismer. Development ceased in December, 2011. Psyco ran on BSD-derived operating systems, Linux, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows using 32-bit Intel-compatible processors. Psyco was written in C and generated only 32-bit x86-based code. Although Tismer announced on 17 July 2009 that work was being done on a second version of Psyco, a further announcement declared the project "unmaintained and dead" on 12 March 2012 and pointed visitors to PyPy instead. Unlike Psyco, PyPy incorporates an interpreter and a compiler that can generate C, improving its cross-platform compatibility over Psyco. Speed enhancement Psyco can noticeably speed up CPU-bound applications. The actual performance depends greatly on the application and varies from a slight slowdown to a 100x speedup. The average speed improvement is typically in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switch Statement
In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via search and map. Switch statements function somewhat similarly to the if statement used in programming languages like C/ C++, C#, Visual Basic .NET, Java and exist in most high-level imperative programming languages such as Pascal, Ada, C/ C++, C#, Visual Basic .NET, Java, and in many other types of language, using such keywords as switch, case, select, or inspect. Switch statements come in two main variants: a structured switch, as in Pascal, which takes exactly one branch, and an unstructured switch, as in C, which functions as a type of goto. The main reasons for using a switch include improving clarity, by reducing otherwise repetitive coding, and (if the heuristics permit) also offering the potential for faster execution through easier compiler optimization in many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced'' '' – like the letter c'') is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted Central processing unit, CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in Kernel (operating system), kernels), device drivers, and protocol stacks, but its use in application software has been decreasing. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linked List
In computer science, a linked list is a linear collection of data elements whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory. Instead, each element points to the next. It is a data structure consisting of a collection of nodes which together represent a sequence. In its most basic form, each node contains data, and a reference (in other words, a ''link'') to the next node in the sequence. This structure allows for efficient insertion or removal of elements from any position in the sequence during iteration. More complex variants add additional links, allowing more efficient insertion or removal of nodes at arbitrary positions. A drawback of linked lists is that data access time is linear in respect to the number of nodes in the list. Because nodes are serially linked, accessing any node requires that the prior node be accessed beforehand (which introduces difficulties in pipelining). Faster access, such as random access, is not feasible. Arrays have better cache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automated Theorem Proving
Automated theorem proving (also known as ATP or automated deduction) is a subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic dealing with proving mathematical theorems by computer programs. Automated reasoning over mathematical proof was a major motivating factor for the development of computer science. Logical foundations While the roots of formalized Logicism, logic go back to Aristotelian logic, Aristotle, the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries saw the development of modern logic and formalized mathematics. Gottlob Frege, Frege's ''Begriffsschrift'' (1879) introduced both a complete propositional logic, propositional calculus and what is essentially modern predicate logic. His ''The Foundations of Arithmetic, Foundations of Arithmetic'', published in 1884, expressed (parts of) mathematics in formal logic. This approach was continued by Bertrand Russell, Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, Whitehead in their influential ''Principia Mathematica'', first published 1910� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
