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Rotegång
Rotegång ('Walk the parish') or ''kringgång'' ('Walk around') was a historical form of poor care in the history of Sweden to support the very poorest in the peasant community. Rotegång was practiced in the Swedish countryside already in the Middle Ages to care for those of the community destitute who could not work. In 1296, it is mentioned in Uppland County Law that a community pauper had the right to be given shelter in the households of the parish for 24 hours each. This method was a phenomenon of the countryside, as the city paupers were normally given shelter in the poor houses from at least circa 1300 onward. Those of the destitute ''fattighjon'' (pauper) who could not be placed in a backstuga or in a poor house, which did not always exist in rural communities, were referred to the ''rotegång''. The households of a parish were traditionally divided into ''rotes: normally, one rote of the village contained six households. Each rote was given responsibility for one pauper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fattigauktion
Fattigauktion (Poor Auction), was a historical practice within Swedish poor relief during the 19th-century, in which paupers were auctioned off to a bidder among the parishioners willing to house them in exchange for the lowest amount of money for their keep from the parish poor care board. In accordance with the '' Poor Relief Regulation 1847'', every parish was responsible for the support of the poor within their parish, a help financed by every member of the parish through the church fund, and distributed and organized through the poor care board. Paupers were divided in two classes. The first class consisted of a pauper unable to support themselves, usually meaning old people, orphans, and the physically or mentally disabled. The second class consisted of people being temporarily supported by poor relief. The paupers of the first class were, according to law, to be placed in a poor house, an orphanage or a hospital. In reality, however, many parishes in the country side neg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Auction
Child auction ( sv, Barnauktion, fi, Huutolaisuus) was a historical practice in Sweden and Finland during the 19th and early 20th centuries, in which orphan and poor children were boarded out in auctions. The name "auction" however does not refer to actual slave auctions, as the children in these auctions were never actually bought in a legal sense, but the name has become the common name for the practice. The children were handed over to the person asking least money from the authorities to provide for the child. The compensation was determined in descending English auctions, where the children were present. The lowest bidder became the child's foster-parent and was compensated with an annual amount equal to his bid. The foster-parents provided the child the housing, upbringing and education, but the children were often used as a child labour. Specially in the Finnish countryside the children sold in the auctions usually lived in a very bad conditions. They were also mistreated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Sweden
The history of Sweden can be traced back to the melting of the Northern Polar Ice Caps. From as early as 12000 BC, humans have inhabited this area. Throughout the Stone Age, between 8000 BC and 6000 BC, early inhabitants used stone-crafting methods to make tools and weapons for hunting, gathering and fishing as means of survival. Written sources about Sweden before AD 1000 are rare and short, usually written by outsiders. It was not until the 14th century that longer historical texts were produced in Sweden. It is therefore usually accepted that Swedish recorded history, in contrast with pre-history, starts around the 11th century, when sources are common enough that they can be contrasted with each other. The modern Swedish state was formed over a long period of unification and consolidation. Historians have set different standards for when it can be considered complete, resulting in dates from the 6th to 16th centuries. Some common laws were present from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Backstuga
A backstuga (literally "slope cottage") is a Swedish language judicial term, previously used in Finland and Sweden, for a kind of rural cottage. Additionally, in architecture, a ''backstuga'' is a cottage built into the southern slope of a hill, alternatively with a low floor and its walls stretched halfway down into the ground. Such cottages are also referred to as ''jordstuga'' (earth cottage) or ''stenstuga'' (stone cottage). They were small, typically about , and only exceptionally found further north than Gothenburg. In the 20th century, the general poverty was mitigated and this kind of homes became less and less used. In administrative respect, the legal meaning is a rural home with no land to farm that was built on someone else's property and without an own entry in the land registry. Its dwellers were called '' backstugusittare'' (slope cottage sitters) with a connotation of pauper. This phenomenon is known from the early 1600s and was disliked by the government seei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poor House
A poorhouse or workhouse is a government-run (usually by a county or municipality) facility to support and provide housing for the dependent or needy. Workhouses In England, Wales and Ireland (but not in Scotland), ‘workhouse’ has been the more common term. Before the introduction of the Poor Laws, each parish would maintain its own workhouse; often these would be simple farms with the occupants dividing their time between working the farm and being employed on maintaining local roads and other parish works. An example of one such is Strand House in East Sussex. In the early Victorian era (see Poor Law), poverty was seen as a dishonourable state. As depicted by Charles Dickens, a workhouse could resemble a reformatory, often housing whole families, or a penal labour regime giving manual work to the indigent and subjecting them to physical punishment. At many workhouses, men and women were split up with no communication between them. Furthermore, these workhouse systems we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1847 års Fattigvårdförordning
1847 års fattigvårdförordning (English: ''Poor relief regulation of 1847'') was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public poor relief system in Sweden. With some alterations in 1853 and 1871, it established the basis for the poor relief system until the Poor Care Law of 1918 was passed. History The law replaced the ''1642 års tiggareordning'' which had previously regulated the public poor relief system. At the time the 1847 reform was enacted, care for the poor was largely organized in the traditional rotegång system, administered by the church. The 1847 regulation established a public board of directors for poor relief in each parish. Though the church was no longer directly involved, the vicar in each parish was to be given a seat on the board. The law also made it mandatory to contribute to the parish poor fund. The ban for paupers who received benefits to move to another parish was also lifted, and the right of the parish to refuse a pauper (not born in the parish) to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 års Fattigvårdslag
1918 års fattigvårdslag (English: ''Poor Care Law of 1918'') was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public Poor relief in the Sweden. It replaced the ''1871 års fattigvårdförordning'' and was in effect until the modern Social Help Law of 1952. The law was clubbed by the Swedish Parliament on 14 June 1918. It replaced the Law of 1871, which had been very strict and complemented by abusive practices such as ''rotegång'', the pauper auctions and child auction. The law of 1918 reformed and humanized the entire social relief system in Sweden. It transformed the old poor care system to a more modern social welfare law, expanded the right to social help to and reintroduced the right to appeal. It abolished a number of practices associated with the old system, such as the ''rotegång'', the pauper auctions, the child auctions, and transformed the old poor house A poorhouse or workhouse is a government-run (usually by a county or municipality) facility to support and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welfare In Sweden
Social welfare in Sweden is made up of several organizations and systems dealing with welfare. It is mostly funded by taxes, and executed by the public sector on all levels of government as well as private organizations. It can be separated into three parts falling under three different ministries. Social welfare is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. Education is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Research. The labour market is the responsibility of the Ministry of Employment. History The modern Swedish welfare system was preceded by the poor relief organized by the Church of Sweden. This was formalized in the Beggar Law of 1642, and became mandatory in the Civil Code of 1734, when each parish was required to have an almshouse. This system was changed with the Poor Law of 1847, when the first national poor care system separate from the church was organized: a mandatory public poor care relief fund financed by the public w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social History Of Sweden
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from the Latin word ''socii'' ("allies"). It is particularly derived from the Italian ''Socii'' states, historical allies of the Roman Republic (although they rebelled against Rome in the Social War of 91–87 BC). Social theorists In the view of Karl MarxMorrison, Ken. ''Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought'', human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who, beyond being "gregarious creatures", cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socialization processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproducin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
