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Renewable Energy Cooperative
A renewable energy cooperative (aka RE co-op; REC) is a decentralized, non-governmental initiative of local communities and citizens to promote the production and consumption of renewable energy. It is formed by a group of community members that share a common long-term goal for a sustainable future of energy and work to advance the transition through active citizenship involvement. In this way, the citizens are prosumers: they act as both producers and consumers in an attempt to democratize energy supplies by shifting away from relying on large companies. Like other cooperatives, RE co-ops follow the basic principles set by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA): voluntary and open membership, democratic member control, economic participation by members, autonomy and independence, education and training, cooperation among cooperatives, and concern for the community. Among RE co-ops, there are subgroups categorized by the type of energy source (e.g. biomass energy, wind ener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middelgrunden Wind Farm 2009-07-01 Edit Filtered
Middelgrunden may refer to: * Middelgrunden (Øresund), a shoal in the Øresund, Denmark * Middelgrunden wind farm The Middelgrunden wind farm stands on the shoal Middelgrunden, between shipping lanes in the Øresund, 3.5 km outside Copenhagen, Denmark. When it was built in 2000, it was the world's largest offshore farm, with 20 turbines (2 MW Bo ..., an offshore wind park on the shoal Middelgrunden * Middelgrundsfortet, a fort on the shoal Middelgrunden {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laudato Si'
''Laudato si (''Praise Be to You'') is the second encyclical of Pope Francis. The encyclical has the subtitle "on care for our common home". In it, the pope critiques consumerism and irresponsible development, laments environmental degradation and global warming, and calls all people of the world to take "swift and unified global action." The encyclical, dated 24 May 2015, was officially published at noon on 18 June 2015, accompanied by a news conference. The Vatican released the document in Italian, German, English, Spanish, French, Polish, Portuguese and Arabic, alongside the original Latin. The encyclical is the second published by Pope Francis, after '' Lumen fidei'' (''The Light of Faith''), which was released in 2013. Since ''Lumen fidei'' was largely the work of Francis's predecessor Benedict XVI, ''Laudato si'' is generally viewed as the first encyclical that is entirely the work of Francis. Content The title of the social encyclical is a Central Italian phrase fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
REScoop
REScoop.eu is the European federation of renewable energy cooperatives, founded in 2011. it has 20 member organisations (either individual REScoops or regional REScoop federations) in 11 European Member States, representing 1,240 individual REScoops and their 300,000 citizens. Its routine administration is handled by the Belgian cooperative Ecopower. On December 24, 2013, the European federation of groups and cooperatives of citizens for renewable energy (REScoop.EU) was legally established under Belgian national law with a European scope. This legal act is a key issue to further develop the activities of the European federation and it constitutes the base to build a strong European renewable energy cooperative alliance. ''REScoop'' is a short term for Renewable Energy Source Cooperative. Positions and campaigns REScoop.eu advocates for a decentralized, renewable, efficient, clean and sustainable energy system with citizens at its core, referring to the energy transition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Energy And Natural Resources (Turkey)
The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources is the government ministry of Republic of Turkey responsible for natural resources and energy in Turkey. The ministry is headed by Fatih Dönmez. Despite the ministry being represented on the Climate Change and Air Management Coordination Board, the European Commission has criticised the lack of co-ordination between policy on climate change in Turkey and the energy policy of Turkey. European Commission, 17 April 2018 References Sources ** ** ** **[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Som Energia
Som Energia is a Spanish renewable energies cooperative that was officially founded in December 2010 in Girona, Catalonia, making it the first of its kind in Spain. The project to create the cooperative was begun in November 2009 by a group of former students and lecturers at University of Girona and other contributors, with the objective of setting up something similar to initiatives such as Ecopower (Belgium) or Enercoop (France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...). Som Energia intends to offer its members the possibility of consuming energy from sources that are 100% renewable at a price similar to conventional energy, as well as developing its own renewable energy projects. In January 2019, the cooperative had over 54.300 members, had invested over 13 million eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy4All
Energy4All facilitates the creation and development of community energy in the United Kingdom, based on the experience gained in the creation of the UK's first wind co-op, Baywind Energy Co-operative. It has gone on to raise ove£40mon behalf of the co-operatives and community benefit societies through community share offerings. Energy4All is private limited company established in 2002that has helped creat24community energy projects, including Westmill Wind Farm Co-operative and Boyndie Wind Farm Co-operative, who, along with Baywind, own Energy4All. One of the co-operatives it has created, Energy Prospects Co-operative, specialises in taking early stage co-operatives through the development and planning application stages to the point where a community share offer, managed by Energy4All, can be launched to fund the project. Energy4All won an Ashden Award in 2012. Energy4All was elected to Board of REScoop the European Federation of renewable energy cooperatives in 2017 and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecopower (cooperative)
Ecopower is a Belgian cooperative founded in 1991, financing renewable energy projects in Flanders. History Since the liberalisation of the energy market in Flanders (July 2003) Ecopower became a supplier of green electricity produced in Belgium. At the end of 2010 1% of the Flemish households were supplied by Ecopower. It inspired other energy cooperatives across Europe. Activities The cooperative buys and builds renewable electricity units, such as wind turbines and water turbines, in Belgium. Projects in recent years include the placement of wind turbines in Eeklo, Gistel and Ghent, and the placement of hydroelectric turbines in Rotselaar, Hoegaarden and Overijse. In 2020, Ecopower and ECoOB (another cooperative) initiated a solar-energy project in Leuven, by building solar installations on 10 public roofs and offering citizens the opportunity to become co-owners. The cooperative claims 50000 members in 2017. 40 % of Ecopower clients have installed solar panels on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enercoop
Enercoop is a French electric utility cooperative company. It uses only renewable energy and is the only electric utility in France to be a cooperative. Its founding members include Greenpeace and other proponents of environmental protection Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair dam ... and the ethical economy, such as ''La Nef'', a French cooperative bank and the Friends of the Earth association. As of mid-2014, Enercoop has clients History Enercoop was created in 2005 and initially, as the French electricity market wasn't yet liberalized, Enercoop just had companies as customers. Later on, in 2007, as the market was liberalized, Enercoop started to grow and totalized more than customers. In 2011, after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Enercoop went from custom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feed-in Tariff
A feed-in tariff (FIT, FiT, standard offer contract,Couture, T., Cory, K., Kreycik, C., Williams, E., (2010)Policymaker's Guide to Feed-in Tariff Policy Design National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy advanced renewable tariff, or renewable energy payments) is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers. This means promising renewable energy producers an above-market price and providing price certainty and long-term contracts that help finance renewable energy investments. Typically, FITs award different prices to different sources of renewable energy in order to encourage development of one technology over another. For example, technologies such as wind power and solar PV are awarded a higher price per kWh than tidal power. FITs often include a "degression": a gradual decrease of the price or tariff in order to follow and encourage technological cost reductions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-governmental Organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in humanitarianism or the social sciences; they can also include clubs and associations that provide services to their members and others. Surveys indicate that NGOs have a high degree of public trust, which can make them a useful proxy for the concerns of society and stakeholders. However, NGOs can also be lobby groups for corporations, such as the World Economic Forum. NGOs are distinguished from international and intergovernmental organizations (''IOs'') in that the latter are more directly involved with sovereign states and their governments. The term as it is used today was first introduced in Article 71 of the newly-formed United Nations' Charter in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Procurement
Government procurement or public procurement is the procurement of goods, services and works on behalf of a public authority, such as a government agency. Amounting to 12 percent of global GDP in 2018, government procurement accounts for a substantial part of the global economy. To prevent fraud, waste, corruption, or local protectionism, the laws of most countries regulate government procurement to some extent. Laws usually require the procuring authority to issue public tenders if the value of the procurement exceeds a certain threshold. Government procurement is also the subject of the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), a plurilateral international treaty under the auspices of the WTO. Overview Need for government procurement Government procurement is necessary because governments cannot produce all the inputs for the goods they provide themselves. Governments usually provide public goods, e.g. national defense or public infrastructure. Public goods are non-riv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclical Letter
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin (originally from the Latin , a Latinization of Greek (), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia). The term has been used by Catholics, Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church. Catholic usage Although the term "encyclical" originally simply meant a circulating letter, it acquired a more specific meaning within the context of the Catholic Church. In 1740, Pope Benedict XIV wrote a letter titled ''Ubi primum'', which is generally regarded as the first encyclical. The term is now used almost exclusively for a kind of letter sent out by the pope. For the modern Roman Catholic Church, a papal encyclical is a specific category of papal document, a kind of pastoral letter concerning Catholic doctrin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
