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Reflection Seismology
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflection (physics), reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized Seismic source#Air gun, air gun or a seismic vibrator. Reflection seismology is similar to sonar and acoustic location, echolocation. History Reflections and refractions of seismic waves at geologic Interface (matter), interfaces within the Earth were first observed on recordings of earthquake-generated seismic waves. The basic model of the Earth's deep interior is based on observations of earthquake-generated seismic waves transmitted through the Earth's interior (e.g., Mohorovičić, 1910). The use of human-generated seismic waves to map in detail the geology of the upper few kilometers of the Earth's crust followed shortly thereafter and has deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seg-y Picture
The SEG-Y (sometimes SEG Y) file format is one of several standards developed by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) for storing geophysical data. It is an open standard, and is controlled by the SEG Technical Standards Committee, a non-profit organization. History The format was originally developed in 1973 to store single-line seismic reflection digital data on magnetic tapes. The specification was published in 1975. The format and its name evolved from the SEG "Ex" or Exchange Tape Format. However, since its release, there have been significant advancements in geophysical data acquisition, such as 3-dimensional seismic techniques and high speed, high capacity recording. The most recent revision of the SEG-Y format was published in 2023, named the ''rev 2.1'' specification. It still features certain legacies of the original format (referred as ''rev 0''), such as an optional SEG-Y tape label, the main 3200 byte textual EBCDIC character encoded tape header and a 40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louann Salt
The Louann Salt is a widespread evaporite formation that formed in the Gulf of Mexico during the Callovian in the mid Jurassic. The Louann formed in a rift as the South American and North American Plates separated, from an embayment of the Pacific Ocean. The Louann underlies much of the northern Gulf Coast from Texas to the Florida panhandle and extends beneath large areas of the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.Hyne, Norman J., ''Nontechnical guide to petroleum geology, exploration, drilling, and production,'' Pennwell Books, 2nd ed. p. 193 The Campeche Salt or Isthmian Salt is the contemporaneous salt layer that developed on the south margin of the rift. It extends from Campeche, Mexico, north along the west margin of the Campeche Bank north of the Yucatan Peninsula. The Orca Basin is a distinctive brine pool on the Louisiana continental shelf. One of the many salt domes derived from the Louann was the site of the Spindletop oil strike near Beaumont, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polarcus
Polarcus Limited was a geophysics, geophysical research company operating a fleet of modern DP2 Reflection seismology, seismic research vessels worldwide. Background The company described itself as having a strong environmental focus that aims to decrease emissions to both sea and air.Predicting, Monitoring And Mitigating Greenhouse Gases In Seismic Vessels' Engine Exhaust PESA News. Polarcus vessels were the first fleet in the world to receive the DNV accredited Triple E rating for high Efficient energy use, energy efficiency and environmental performance ratings. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petroleum Geo-Services
PGS (Petroleum Geo-Services) is a technologically focused oilfield service company involved in providing geophysical services worldwide. Its seismic service offerings help oil companies find oil and gas reserves offshore. Product offerings span from survey planning and data acquisition, through advanced imaging, to reservoir analysis and interpretation. PGS was founded in Norway in 1991. The company currently has: *8 offshore seismic vessels (6 active in winter season) *1 processing and imaging megacenters *3 main offices Oslo, London and Houston, plus a network of local offices employing around 60 nationalities PGS has a presence in over 10 countries with headquarters in Oslo, Norway. The company was headquartered at Lysaker until 2013 when it moved to nearby Lilleaker. PGS shares are listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange Oslo Stock Exchange () (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ION Geophysical
ION Geophysical was a technology-focused company that provided advanced acquisition equipment, software, planning, and seismic processing services, as well as seismic data libraries to the global oil and gas industry. Here are the key details: # Company Overview: #* Name: ION Geophysical Corporation #* Industry: Geophysical solutions for oil and gas #* Headquarters: Houston, Texas, United States #* Area Served: Global # Services and Offerings: #* Acquisition Services: ION offered equipment and software for seismic data acquisition. This included specialized tools for synchronizing seismic sources. #* Processing Services: The company processed seismic data to generate high-resolution images of the subsurface of Earth. These images were crucial for exploration, exploitation, and production operations in the oil and gas industry. #* Seismic Data Libraries: ION maintained extensive seismic data libraries that were accessible to exploration and production (E&P) operators and seismic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CGG (company)
Viridien (VIRI), formerly CGG, is a multinational technology, digital and Earth data company, specializing in solving complex natural resource, energy transition and infrastructure challenges. History In 1926, Conrad Schlumberger, and his brother Marcel Schlumberger, formed Société de Prospection Electrique (SPE) which specialized in oil and coal exploration as well as civil engineering. In March 1931, SPE and Société Géophysique de Recherches Minières (SGRM), both specialists in seismology and magnetometry, merged into La Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (CGG). SGRM provided 5,000,000 francs of capital and CGG provided 120,000 francs of capital. In his premises at 30 rue Fabert, in Paris, Conrad Schlumberger decided to transfer the subsurface business to CGG while SPE retained the logging. At the same time, Raymond Maillet from SGRM was appointed President of CGG. In 1954, CGG acquired its first IBM 604 computer and an MT4 analog computing center for processing f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engineering
Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to Problem solving#Engineering, solve problems within technology, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve Systems engineering, systems. Modern engineering comprises many subfields which include designing and improving infrastructure, machinery, vehicles, electronics, Materials engineering, materials, and energy systems. The Academic discipline, discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more Academic specialization, specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis for applications of applied mathematics, mathematics and applied science, science. See glossary of engineering. The word '':wikt:engineering, engineering'' is derived from the Latin . Definition The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (the predecessor of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology aka ABET) has defined "engineering" as: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrology
Hydrology () is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and drainage basin sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is called a hydrologist. Hydrologists are scientists studying earth science, earth or environmental science, civil engineering, civil or environmental engineering, and physical geography. Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques, they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as Environmentalism, environmental preservation, natural disasters, and Water resource management, water management. Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology), and marine hydrology. Domains of hydrology include hydrometeorology, surface-water hydrology, surface hydrology, hydrogeology, drainage basin, drainage-basin management, and water quality. Oceanography and meteorology are not included beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Geophysical
Western Geophysical was an international oil exploration company founded in California in 1933 by Henry Salvatori for the purpose of using reflection seismology to explore for petroleum. The company prospered and was sold by Salvatori to Litton Industries in 1960. In 1987, Litton and Dresser Industries formed a joint venture comprising Western and Dresser Atlas. The joint venture, Western Atlas, was spun off as a public company in 1994. Western then purchased Halliburton Geophysical Services, which had been formed from Geophysical Service Incorporated, Geosource and several other companies. In 1998, Western Atlas was acquired by Baker Hughes. In 2000, Western Geophysical became part of a joint venture between Baker Hughes and Schlumberger called WesternGeco and ceased to exist as a separate entity. In May 2006, Schlumberger bought Baker Hughes' 30% share of the company. Western Geophysical built a number of significant seismic survey vessels over the years, in different ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Salvatori
Henry Salvatori (March 28, 1901 – July 6, 1997) was an Italian-born American geophysicist, businessman, philanthropist, and political activist. Salvatori founded Western Geophysical in 1933 and, after selling the company in 1960, pursued a second career as a philanthropist and conservative political activist. He was a long-time financial supporter of The Heritage Foundation and the Claremont Institute, both conservative think tanks. Background and business career Salvatori was born in Tocco da Casauria, Abruzzo, Italy, and emigrated with his family to the United States in 1908. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1923 and a master's degree in physics from Columbia University in 1926. In 1930, he joined Geophysical Service Incorporated, but he left in 1933 to found Western Geophysical. Western Geophysical prospered, allowing him to begin a long involvement in philanthropy and conservative political causes. In 1960, he sold Western Geophys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is one of the top 10 semiconductor companies worldwide based on sales volume. The company's focus is on developing analog chips and embedded processors, which account for more than 80% of its revenue. TI also produces digital light processing (DLP) technology and education technology products including calculators, microcontrollers, and multi-core processors. Texas Instruments emerged in 1951 after a reorganization of Geophysical Service Incorporated, a company founded in 1930 that manufactured equipment for use in the seismic industry, as well as defense electronics. TI produced the world's first commercial silicon transistor in 1954, and the same year designed and manufactured the first transistor radio. Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at TI's Central Research Labs. TI also invented the hand-held calculator in 1967, and intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophysical Service Incorporated
Geophysical Service Inc. (often abbreviated GSI) was a Texas-based company founded by J. Clarence Karcher, John Clarence Karcher and Eugene McDermott in 1930, for the purpose of using refraction and reflection seismology to Hydrocarbon exploration, explore for petroleum deposits. History On December 6, 1941, the company was purchased by Eugene McDermott, Cecil Howard Green, J. Erik Jonsson, and H.B. Peacock. During World War II, the company produced submarine detection devices. In 1951, the company was renamed Texas Instruments (TI) with GSI as a division. GSI was later sold by TI, repurchased, and finally sold again to Halliburton in 1988. Halliburton also acquired GeoSource, a competing geophysical contractor (formerly Petty-Ray Geophysical), and attempted to merge the two companies. However, the rivalry between the two entities endured and the merged entity known as Halliburton Geophysical Services (HGS) was not profitable. After several years of losses, in 1994, Halliburton s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
