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Propargyl Bromide
Propargyl bromide, also known as 3-bromo-prop-1-yne, is an organic compound with the chemical formula HC≡CCH2Br. A colorless liquid, it is a halogenated organic compound consisting of propyne with a bromine substituent on the methyl group. It has a lachrymatory effect, like related compounds. The compound is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. Applications and production Propargyl bromide can also be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of organic compounds, including agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. In the 1960s, it was used in a soil fumigant called Trizone.Franz Müller and Arnold P. Applebyki "Weed Control, 2. Individual Herbicides" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2010, Propargyl bromide may be produced by the treatment of propargyl alcohol with phosphorus tribromide. Reactions Propargyl bromide is an alkylating agent. With dimethylsulfide, it reacts to give the sulfonium salt: : It also alkylates even weakly basic amines such as ani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbier Reaction
The Barbier reaction is an organometallic reaction between an alkyl halide (chloride, bromide, iodide), a carbonyl group and a metal. The reaction can be performed using magnesium, aluminium, zinc, indium, tin, samarium, barium or their salts. The reaction product is a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol. The reaction is similar to the Grignard reaction but the crucial difference is that the organometallic species in the Barbier reaction is generated ''in situ'', whereas a Grignard reagent is prepared separately before addition of the carbonyl compound. Unlike many Grignard reagents, the organometallic species generated in a Barbier reaction are unstable and thus cannot be stored or sold commercially. Barbier reactions are nucleophilic addition reactions that involve relatively inexpensive, water insensitive metals (e.g zinc powder) or metal compounds. For this reason it is possible in many cases to run the reaction in water, making the procedure part of green chemistry. In cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allyl Bromide
Allyl bromide (3-bromopropene) is an organic halide. It is an alkylating agent used in synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, synthetic perfumes and other organic compounds. Physically, allyl bromide is a colorless liquid with an irritating and persistent smell, however, commercial samples are yellow or brown. Allyl bromide is more reactive but more expensive than allyl chloride, and these considerations guide its use. Preparation Allyl bromide is produced commercially from allyl alcohol and hydrobromic acid: :CH2=CHCH2OH + HBr → CH2=CHCH2Br + H2O It can also be prepared by the halogen-exchange reaction between allyl chloride and hydrobromic acid or by the allylic bromination of propene. Reactions and uses Electrophilic properties Allyl bromide is an electrophilic alkylating agent. It reacts with nucleophiles, such as amines, carbanions, alkoxides, etc., to introduce the allyl group: :CH2=CHCH2Br + Nu− → CH2=CHCH2Nu + Br− (Nu− is a nucleophile) It is used in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propargyl Alcohol
Propargyl alcohol, or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula C3H4O. It is the simplest stable Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol containing an alkyne functional group. Propargyl alcohol is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents. Reactions and applications Propargyl alcohol polymerizes with heating or treatment with base (chemistry), base. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor, a metal complex solution, a solvent stabilizer and an electroplating brightener additive. It is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohol, Secondary and Tertiary alcohol, tertiary substituted propargylic alcohols undergo catalyzed rearrangement reactions to form carbonyl#α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds via the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement and others. It can be oxidized to propynal or propargylic acid. As an indication of the electronegativity of an Orbital hybri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propargyl Chloride
Propargyl chloride is an organic compound with the formula HC2CH2Cl. It is a colorless liquid and a lacrymator. It is an alkylating agent that is used in organic synthesis. See also * Allyl chloride * Propargyl * Propargyl alcohol Propargyl alcohol, or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula C3H4O. It is the simplest stable Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol containing an alkyne functional group. Propargyl alcohol is a colorless viscous liquid t ... References External links Entry at ChemSpider Propargyl compounds Organochlorides {{organohalide-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propargyl
In organic chemistry, the propargyl group is a functional group of 2-propynyl with the structure . It is an alkyl group derived from propyne (). The term propargylic refers to a saturated position ( ''sp''3-hybridized) on a molecular framework next to an alkynyl group. The name comes from mix of ''propene'' and ''argentum'', which refers to the typical reaction of the terminal alkynes with silver salts. The term homopropargylic designates in the same manner * a saturated position on a molecular framework next to a propargylic group and thus two bonds from an alkyne moiety. * a 3-butynyl fragment, , or substituted homologue. See also * Alkenyl groups ** Allyl ** Vinyl group * Ethynyl * Propargyl chloride * Propargyl alcohol * Propargyl bromide * Propiolic acid Propiolic acid is the organic compound with the formula HC2CO2H. It is the simplest acetylenic carboxylic acid. It is a colourless liquid that crystallises to give silky crystals. Near its boiling point, it decompo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkylating Agent
Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation. Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline. In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents. Nucleophilic alkylating agents Nucleophilic alkylating agents deliver the equivalent of an alkyl anion (carbanion). The formal "alkyl anion" attacks an electrophile, forming a new covalent bond be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lachrymator
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide and Mace (a branded mixture). While lachrymatory agents are commonly deployed for riot control by law enforcement and military personnel, its use in warfare is prohibited by various international treaties.E.g. the Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited the use of "asphyxiating gas, or any other kind of gas, liquids, substances or similar materials". During World War I, increasingly toxic and deadly lachrymatory agents were used. The short and long-term effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grignard Reagent
A Grignard reagent or Grignard compound is a chemical compound with the general formula , where X is a halogen and R is an organic group, normally an alkyl or aryl. Two typical examples are methylmagnesium chloride and phenylmagnesium bromide . They are a subclass of the organomagnesium compounds. Grignard compounds are popular reagents in organic synthesis for creating new carbon-carbon bonds. For example, when reacted with another halogenated compound in the presence of a suitable catalyst, they typically yield and the magnesium halide as a byproduct; and the latter is insoluble in the solvents normally used. In this aspect, they are similar to organolithium reagents. Pure Grignard reagents are extremely reactive solids. They are normally handled as solutions in solvents such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; which are relatively stable as long as water is excluded. In such a medium, a Grignard reagent is invariably present as a complex with the magnesium atom conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbier Reaction1 in mathematics
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Barbier may refer to: * Barbier (surname) *Barbier (crater), a feature on the Moon *Barbier reaction, a reaction in organic chemistry *Barbier's theorem In geometry, Barbier's theorem states that every curve of constant width has perimeter times its width, regardless of its precise shape. This theorem was first published by Joseph-Émile Barbier in 1860. Examples The most familiar examples of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecules (journal)
''Molecules'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that focuses on all aspects of chemistry and materials science. It was established in March 1996 and is published monthly by MDPI. From 1997 to 2001, ''Molbank'' was published as a section of the journal, before splitting into its own journal. The editor-in-chief is Farid Chemat. ''Molecules'' was initially published by Springer-Verlag. In December 1996, Shu-Kun Lin resigned as editor and relaunched the journal with Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI). Springer initially sued over naming rights, but eventually dropped the suit. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aniline
Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6 H5 NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine In organic chemistry, an aromatic amine is an organic compound consisting of an aromatic ring attached to an amine. It is a broad class of compounds that encompasses aniline Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6 H5 NH2. Consi .... It is an industrially significant Commodity chemicals, commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It Combustion, ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds. It is toxic to humans. Relative to benzene, it is electron-rich. It thus participates more rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Likewise, it is also prone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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