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Product Classification
Product classification or product taxonomy is a type of economic taxonomy which organizes products for a variety of purposes. However, not only products can be referred to in a standardized way but also sales practices in form of the “Incoterms” and industries can be classified into categories. Some standard product classifications include: * CPA — Classification of Products by Activity, a product nomenclature that was used in the European Economic Community and now in use in the EU, a European version of the CPC ** CPA 1996 ** CPA 2002 ** CPA 2008 ** CPA 2.1 * CPC — Central Product Classification, a United Nations standard classification for products * ETIM, the ETIM Technical Information Model * Global Classification and Harmonized Schedule Numbers for customs classification * HS — Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System * SITC — Standard International Trade Classification * Trade in Services * UNSPSC, the United Nations Standard Products and Services C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Taxonomy
An economic taxonomy is a system of classification of economic activity, including products, companies and industries. Some economists believe that the study of economic policy demands the use of a taxonomic/classificatory approach. Industry taxonomies Industry taxonomies include international, regional and national taxonomies and proprietary taxonomies. Official statistics taxonomies The international and national taxonomies are used by official statistical agencies. United Nations provide its International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) as a base for establishing regional taxonomies: * North America North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) ** United States Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) * Europe Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE) ** United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities ** Russian Economic Activities Classification System (OKVED) Proprietary taxonomies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmonized Commodity Description And Coding System
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. It came into effect in 1988 and has since been developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO) (formerly the Customs Co-operation Council), an independent intergovernmental organization based in Brussels, Belgium, with over 200 member countries. Structure The HS is organized logically by economic activity or component material. For example, animals and animal products are found in one section of the HS, while machinery and mechanical appliances are found in another. The HS is organized into 21 sections, which are subdivided into 99 chapters. The 99 HS chapters are further subdivided into 1,244 headings and 5224 subheadings. Section and Chapter titles describe broad categories of goods, while headings and subheadings describe products in more detail. Genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECl@ss
ECLASS (formerly styled as eCl@ss) is a classification system for products and services. It is maintained by industry consortium ECLASS e.V. association. Use ECLASS supports the digital exchange of product descriptions and service descriptions, based on standardized data formats based on IEC 61360. It is used in engineering tools as base for transfer of planning data, in ERP systems as base for product master data, and as base for exchange of product data. Structure The ECLASS classification system is based on a hierarchical grouping of products and services. There are 4 levels of hierarchy: * Segments, * Main group, * Group, * Sub-group or product class. This classification provides a grouping from point of view of purchasing. A product class has a 1:1-relation to an application class. Application classes are described in further details with properties according IEC 61360. This approach separates the definition of the classification hierarchy from the definition of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Electrotechnical Commission
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; in French: ''Commission électrotechnique internationale'') is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology". IEC standards cover a vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission and distribution to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fibre optics, batteries, solar energy, nanotechnology and marine energy as well as many others. The IEC also manages four global conformity assessment systems that certify whether equipment, system or components conform to its international standards. All electrotechnologies are covered by IEC Standards, including energy production and distribution, electronics, magnetics and electromagnetics, electroacoustics, multimedia, telecommunication and medical technology, as well as associated general disciplines such as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEC Common Data Dictionary
IEC Common Data Dictionary (abbreviated: IEC CDD) is a metadata registry providing product classification and formalized product descriptions that can be used in context of smart manufacturing and Industrie 4.0. Data Model IEC CDD is based on the data model defined in IEC 61360-2/ISO 13584-42 with an enhancement of its modelling capability adopted from IEC 62656-1. The description of the data model for dictionary developers in particular for those in electrotechnical domains is given in IEC 61360-1. Currently the scope of the registry is extended to cover all ISO and IEC domains, thus it is no longer "IEC CDD", nevertheless it is hosted by IEC-CO and is maintained by IEC SC 3D with a joint working group formed between IEC SC 3D and ISO TC 184/SC4. The data model of the CDD references ISO/IEC 11179 for the identification of the registered elements . It is used to host product classifications. - This means the IEC CDD is a database providing classifications and metadata definition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNSPSC
The United Nations Standard Products and Services Code (UNSPSC) is a taxonomy of products and services for use in eCommerce. It is a four-level hierarchy coded as an eight-digit number, with an optional fifth level adding two more digits. The latest release (March 7, 2022) of the code set is 24.0301. The new UNv240301 release contains 740 changes to the previous UNSPSC version UNv23.0701 which are 721 new items added, 12 existing items edited, 6 existing items moved, and 1 existing item deleted. The new UNv24.0301 release contains 157,116 total items. The changes include a new Segment 57000000 -Humanitarian Relief Items, Kits, or Accessories, requested by United Nation Global Marketplace (UNGM); additional codes were added to support the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in is effort to the Specialty Crops Inspection at the U.S. border. The UNSPSC competes with a number of other product and commodity coding schemes, including the European Union's Common Procureme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade In Services
Trade in Services refers to the sale and delivery of an intangible product, called a service, between a producer and consumer. Trade in services that takes place between a producer and consumer that are, in legal terms, based in different countries is called International Trade in Services. Methods of Trade International trade in services is defined by the ''Four Modes of Supply'' of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). * (Mode 1) Cross-Border Trade - which is defined as delivery of a service from the territory of one country into the territory of other country, e.g. remotely providing accounting services in one country for a company based in another country, or an airline flying between two international destinations * (Mode 2) Consumption Abroad - this mode covers supply of a service of one country to the service consumer of any other country, e.g. tourism, telemedicine, or study abroad * (Mode 3) Commercial Presence - which covers services provided by a servic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard International Trade Classification
Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) is a classification of goods used to classify the exports and imports of a country to enable comparing different countries and years. The classification system is maintained by the United Nations. The SITC classification, is currently at revision four, which was promulgated in 2006. The SITC is recommended only for analytical purposes - trade statistics are recommended to be collected and compiled in the Harmonized System instead. The following excerpt was taken from the United Nations Statistics Division, international trade statistics branch: "For compiling international trade statistics on all merchandise entering international trade, and to promote international comparability of international trade statistics. The commodity groupings of SITC reflect (a) the materials used in production, (b) the processing stage, (c) market practices and uses of the products, (d) the importance of the commodities in terms of world trade, and ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmonized Schedule Numbers
In music, harmonization is the chordal accompaniment to a line or melody: "Using chords and melodies together, making harmony by stacking scale tones as triads". A harmonized scale can be created by using each note of a musical scale as a root note for a chord and then by taking other tones within the scale building the rest of a chord. For example, using an Ionian (major scale) * the root note would become the I major chord, * the second note the ii minor chord, * the third note the iii minor chord, * the fourth note the IV major chord, * the fifth note the V major chord (or even a dominant 7th), * the sixth note the vi minor chord, * the seventh note the vii diminished chord and * the octave would be a I major chord. Using the minor (aeolian mode) one would have: * i minor, * ii diminished, * ()III major, * iv minor, * v minor, * ()VI major, * ()VII major and * the i minor an octave higher. Reharmonization Reharmonization is the technique of taking an existing mel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incoterms
The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. Incoterms define the responsiblities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various stages of the transaction. They are widely used in international commercial transactions or procurement processes and their use is encouraged by trade councils, courts and international lawyers. A series of three-letter trade terms related to common contractual sales practices, the Incoterms rules are intended primarily to clearly communicate the tasks, costs, and risks associated with the global or international transportation and delivery of goods. Incoterms inform sales contracts defining respective obligations, costs, and risks involved in the delivery of goods from the seller to the buyer, but they do not themselves conclude a contract, determi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Classification
Global Classification is the process of classifying products for the purpose of complying with customs authorities, qualifying for free trade agreements and filing entries to customs during the importation or exportation of those products. A slight difference in classification can mean a huge difference in the duties that are paid.Solomon, Mark. March 200"Not Playtime Anymore"DC Velocity Classification data includes: * Harmonized Schedule Numbers * Special tariff preference programs * Product descriptions and pictures * Schematics * Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) * Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) documentation * Country of origin credentials * Value Information With the growing complexity of supply chains as well as the increasing number of government regulations around importing and exporting, companies are realizing the need to proactively manage trade compliance data in order to minimize risk, such as the inaccurate classification of data. Providing classificatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ETIM (standard)
ETIM (from German: ''ElektroTechnisches InformationsModell'') is an open standard for the unambiguous grouping and specification of products in the technical sector through a uniform classification system. It is an initiative started to standardize the electronic exchange of product data for technical products, to enable the electronic trading of these products. Over time the scope has widened, now also including product information requirements for building information modeling (BIM). ETIM classification This classification uses: product classes, features, values and synonyms (keywords) that make it easy to find the right product. Within the product class, comparable or "alike" products are classified together. The product classification itself is no “final product” but offers a structure for an electronic product database and applications such as an online web shop, search engine or configuration software. ETIM classification is multilingual, media neutral and supplier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
