|
Praseodymium(III) Sulfate
Praseodymium(III) sulfate is a praseodymium compound with formula Pr2(SO4)3. It is an odourless whitish-green crystalline compound. The anhydrous substance readily absorbs water forming pentahydrate and octahydrate. Properties Praseodymium sulfate is stable under standard conditions. At elevated temperatures, it gradually loses water and becomes more whitish. Like all rare earth sulfates, its solubility ''decreases'' with temperature, a property once used to separate it from other, non-rare earth compounds. Pentahydrate and octahydrate have monoclinic crystal structures with densities of 3.713 and 2.813 g/cm3, respectively. The octahydrate crystals are optically biaxial, with refractive index components of nα = 1.5399, nβ = 1.5494 and nγ = 1.5607. They belong to the space group C12/c1 (No. 15) and have lattice constants ''a'' = 1370.0(2) pm, ''b'' = 686.1(1) pm, ''c'' = 1845.3(2) pm, β = 102.80(1)° and ''Z'' = 4. Synthesis Crystals of octahydrate can be grown from soluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praseodymium(III) Oxide
Praseodymium(III) oxide, praseodymium oxide or praseodymia is the chemical compound composed of praseodymium and oxygen with the formula Pr2O3. It forms light green hexagonal crystals. Praseodymium(III) oxide crystallizes in the manganese(III) oxide or bixbyite structure. Uses Praseodymium(III) oxide can be used as a dielectric in combination with silicon. Praseodymium-doped glass, called didymium glass, turns yellow and is used in welding goggles because it blocks infrared Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible to the human eye. IR is generally understood to encompass wavelengths from around ... radiation. Praseodymium(III) oxide is also used to color glass and ceramics yellow. For coloring ceramics, also the very dark brown mixed-valence compound praseodymium(III,IV) oxide, Pr6O11, is used. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Praseodymium(Iii) Oxide Praseo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praseodymium(III) Sulfide
Praseodymium(III) sulfide is an inorganic chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ... with chemical formula Pr2 S3. Preparation Praseodymium(III) sulfide can be obtained by reacting praseodymium(III) oxide and hydrogen sulfide at 1320 °C: :Pr2O3 + 3H2S → Pr2S3 + 3H2O It could also be obtained by directly reacting sulfur with metallic praseodymium: :2Pr + 3S → Pr2S3 References Sesquisulfides Praseodymium(III) compounds {{inorganic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praseodymium
Praseodymium is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Pr and the atomic number 59. It is the third member of the lanthanide series and is considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. It is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. It is too reactive to be found in native form, and pure praseodymium metal slowly develops a green oxide coating when exposed to air. Praseodymium always occurs naturally together with the other rare-earth metals. It is the sixth-most abundant rare-earth element and fourth-most abundant lanthanide, making up 9.1 parts per million of the Earth's crust, an abundance similar to that of boron. In 1841, Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander extracted a rare-earth oxide residue he called didymium from a residue he called "lanthana", in turn separated from cerium salts. In 1885, the Austrian chemist Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach separated didymium into two elements that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of an object in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of an object that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups. In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the ''International Tables for Crystallography'' . History Space groups in 2 dimensions are the 17 wallpaper groups which have been known for several centuries, though the proof that the list was complete was only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picometer
The picometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: pm) or picometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to , or one trillionth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. The picometre is one thousand femtometres, one thousandth of a nanometre ( nm), one millionth of a micrometre (also known as a micron), one billionth of a millimetre, and one trillionth of a metre. The symbol μμ was once used for it. It is also one hundredth of an ångström, an internationally known (but non-SI) unit of length. Use The picometre's length is of an order so small that its application is almost entirely confined to particle physics, quantum physics, chemistry and acoustics. Atoms are between 62 and 520 pm in diameter, and the typical length of a carbon–carbon single bond is 154 pm. Smaller units still may be used to describe smaller particles (some of which are t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid ( Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with the molecular formula . It is a colorless, odorless and viscous liquid that is miscible with water. Pure sulfuric acid does not exist naturally on Earth due to its strong affinity to water vapor; it is hygroscopic and readily absorbs water vapor from the air. Concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive towards other materials, from rocks to metals, since it is an oxidant with powerful dehydrating properties. Phosphorus pentoxide is a notable exception in that it is not dehydrated by sulfuric acid, but to the contrary dehydrates sulfuric acid to sulfur trioxide. Upon addition of sulfuric acid to water, a considerable amount of heat is released; thus the reverse procedure of adding water to the acid should not be performed since the heat released may boi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfates
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zero. The term molecule may or may no ... anion with the empirical formula . Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salt (chemistry), salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid. Spelling "Sulfate" is the spelling recommended by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, but "sulphate" was traditionally used in British English. Structure The sulfate anion consists of a central sulfur atom surrounded by four equivalent oxygen atoms in a tetrahedron, tetrahedral arrangement. The symmetry is the same as that of methane. The sulfur atom is in the +6 oxidation state while the four oxygen atoms are each in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_hydroxide.jpg "Click for more on -> Praseodymium")
