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Positive End-expiratory Pressure
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation). Pressure that is applied or increased during an inspiration is termed pressure support. Intrinsic (auto-) PEEP Auto-PEEP is an incomplete expiration prior to the initiation of the next breath causes progressive air trapping (hyperinflation). This accumulation of air increases alveolar pressure at the end of expiration, which is referred to as auto-PEEP. Auto-PEEP develops commonly in high minute ventilation (hyperventilation), expiratory flow limitation (obstructed airway) and expiratory resistance (narrow airway). Once auto-PEEP is identified, steps should be taken to stop or reduce the pressure build-up. When auto-PEEP persists despite management of its und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alveolar Pressure
Alveolar pressure (Palv) is the pressure of air inside the lung Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli. When the glottis is opened and no air is flowing into or out of the lungs, alveolar pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, that is, zero cmH2O, cmH2O.Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th edition. 23 May 2016 Significance During inhalation, the increased volume of Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli as a result of lung expansion decreases the intra-alveolar pressure to a value below atmospheric pressure about -1 cmH2O. This slight negative pressure is enough to move 500 ml of air into the lungs in the 2 seconds required for inspiration. At the end of inspiration, the alveolar pressure returns to atmospheric pressure (zero cmH2O). During exhalation, the opposite change occurs. The lung alveoli collapse before air is expelled from them. The alveolar pressure rises to about +1 cmH2O. This forces the 500 ml of inspired air out of the lung during the 2–3 seconds of expiratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barotrauma
Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside, or contact with, the body and the surrounding gas or liquid. The initial damage is usually due to over-stretching the tissues in tension or shear, either directly by an expansion of the gas in the closed space or by pressure difference hydrostatically transmitted through the tissue. Tissue rupture may be complicated by the introduction of gas into the local tissue or circulation through the initial trauma site, which can cause blockage of circulation at distant sites or interfere with the normal function of an organ by its presence. Barotrauma generally manifests as sinus or middle ear effects, lung overpressure injuries and injuries resulting from external squeezes. Decompression sickness is indirectly caused by ambient pressure reduction, and tissue damage is caused directly and indirectly by gas bubbles. However, these bubbles form out of supersaturated solution from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Respiratory System Procedures
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs; in mammals and reptiles these are called alveoli, and in birds they are known as atria. These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood. These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the trachea, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two main bronchi. These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower secondary and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
J Neurosurg
The ''Journal of Neurosurgery'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of neurosurgery. It is published by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the editor-in-chief is James Rutka. It was established in 1944, with Louise Eisenhardt Louise Eisenhardt (17 July 1891 – 22 January 1967) was one of the first neuropathologists and was considered leading world expert on tumor diagnosis. She became the first woman president of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. ... as founding editor. Originally published bimonthly, it switched to a monthly schedule in 1962. All content is freely available online after 12 months, until it is 10 years old. Editors-in-chief The following persons have been editors-in-chief of the journal: * James Rutka (2013–present) * John A. Jane (1992–2013) * Thoralf Sundt, Jr. (1989–1992) * William Collins Jr. (1985–1989) * Henry Schwartz (1975–1985) * Henry Heyl (1965–1975) * Louise Eisenhar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intensive Care Med
''Intensive Care Medicine'' is a monthly peer reviewed medical journal covering intensive care or critical care and emergency medicine. It was established in 1975 as the ''European Journal of Intensive Care Medicine'' and obtained its current name in 1977. It is the official journal of thEuropean Society of Intensive Care Medicine The editor-in-chief iGiuseppe Citerio( University of Milano Bicocca). It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. "Intensive Care Medicine" is the publication platform for communicating and exchanging current work and ideas in intensive care medicine. It is intended for all those who are involved in intensive medical care, physicians, anaesthetists, surgeons, paediatricians, as well as those concerned with pre-clinical subjects and medical sciences basic to these disciplines. The journal publishes: review articles reflecting the present state of knowledge in special areas or summarizing limited themes in which discussion has led to clearly defined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
J Appl Physiol
The ''Journal of Applied Physiology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of physiology published by the American Physiological Society. The journal was established in 1948, and is currently edited by Sue Bodine. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 3.531. References External links * Physiology journals Publications established in 1948 English-language journals Monthly journals {{med-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crit Care Med
''Critical Care Medicine'' is a peer-reviewed monthly medical journal in the field of intensive care medicine. The journal was established in 1973 with William C. Shoemaker as the founding editor. It is the official publication of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. The journal's editor-in-chief is Timothy G. Buchman. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 7.598, ranking it 5th out of 82 journals in the category "‘Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine". Editors * William C. Shoemaker, 1972-1991 * Bart Chernow, 1991-1997 * Joseph E. Parrillo, 1997-2014 * Tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anaesthetist
Anesthesiology, anaesthesiology, or anaesthesia is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, and pain medicine. A physician specialized in anesthesiology is called an anesthesiologist, anaesthesiologist, or anaesthetist, depending on the country. In some countries, the terms are synonymous, while in other countries they refer to different positions, and ''anesthetist'' is only used for non-physicians, such as nurse anesthetists. The core element of the specialty is the study and use of anesthesia to safely support a patient's vital functions through the perioperative period. Since the 19th century, anesthesiology has developed from an experimental area with non-specialist practitioners using novel, untested drugs and techniques into what is now a highly refined, safe and effective field of medicine. In some countries anesthesiol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Scott Inkster
John Scott Inkster was a British anesthesiologist born in 1924, one of the first paediatric anaesthetists. He graduated from the University of Aberdeen in 1945. Inkster's interest in anesthesia started during his time as a house physician at New End Hospital. John Inkster discovered Positive end-expiratory pressure Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by ... John Inkster died on 10 September 2011. References Scottish anaesthetists {{med-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorax (journal)
''Thorax'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal specialising in both clinical and experimental research articles on respiratory medicine as well as paediatrics, immunology, pharmacology, pathology, and surgery. It was established in 1946 and is published by the BMJ Group on behalf of the British Thoracic Society. The journal is available online by subscription and archived editions of the journal are available free of charge after 1 year. The editors-in-chief are Professor Jennifer Quint, Imperial College London, UK Professor Mark Griffiths, Imperial College London, UK Professor Cecilia O'Kane, Queen's University Belfast, UK Abstracting and indexing ''Thorax'' is abstracted and indexed by MEDLINE/Index Medicus, Science Citation Index, Current Contents, Excerpta Medica, and BIOSIS Previews. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2018 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery
''The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the study of traumatic injuries. It was established in 1961 as the ''Journal of Trauma'' by Williams & Wilkins, obtaining its current name in 2012. The journal is currently published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and is the official journal of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, thTrauma Association of Canada and thWestern Trauma Association The editor-in-chief is Ernest E. Moore (Denver Health Medical Center). Abstracting and indexing According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.403, ranking it 11th out of 33 journals in the category "Critical Care Medicine". See also * List of medical journals Medical journals are published regularly to communicate new research to clinicians, medical scientists, and other healthcare workers. This article lists academic journa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Respir Care
''Respiratory Care'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Association of Respiratory Care. It is abstracted and indexed in ''Index Medicus''/PubMed and the '' Science Citation Index Expanded''. The editor-in-chief is Dean R. Hess ( Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School). The journal publishes original research, reviews (narrative and systematic), short reports, correspondence, and editorial articles. It was established in 1956 as ''Inhalation Therapy'' and obtained its current title in 1970. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.258. See also *List of medical journals *List of healthcare journals This is a list of academic journals on health care. General *''Health Affairs'' *''Health and Human Rights'' *''Human Resources for Health'' *'' Health Service Journal'' *'' Milbank Quarterly'' Epidemiology *'' American Journal of Epidemiology ... References External links *{{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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