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Polysystem Theory
The polysystem theory, a theory in translation studies, implies using polyvalent factors as an instrument for explaining the complexity of culture within a single community and between communities. Analyzing sets of relations in literature and language, it gradually shifted towards a more complex analysis of socio-cultural systems. The polysystem theory has been embraced by students of literature and culture all over the world, and has particularly gained attention in the field of Scandinavian studies. Its foremost advocate is the Israeli linguist Itamar Even-Zohar. The American scholar Edwin Gentzler is another important contributor to this viewpoint. Further reading * Even-Zohar, ItamarPolysystem Studies Poetics Today 11.1 (1990) * Aveling, Harry 2005. “Two Approaches to the Positioning of Translations: A Comparative Study of Itamar Even-Zohar's Polysystem Studies and Gideon Toury's Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond.” ''Kritika Kultura - A Refereed Electronic Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Translation Studies
Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and Language localisation, localization. As an interdiscipline, translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that support translation. These include comparative literature, computer science, history, linguistics, philology, philosophy, semiotics, and terminology. The term "translation studies" was coined by the Amsterdam-based American scholar James S. Holmes in his 1972 paper "The name and nature of translation studies", which is considered a foundational statement for the discipline. English writers, occasionally use the term "translatology" (and less commonly "traductology") to refer to translation studies, and the corresponding French term for the discipline is usually "''traductologie''" (as in the Société Française de Traductologie). In the United States, there is a preference for the term "tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complexity
Complexity characterises the behaviour of a system or model whose components interaction, interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to nonlinearity, randomness, collective dynamics, hierarchy, and emergence. The term is generally used to characterize something with many parts where those parts interact with each other in multiple ways, culminating in a higher order of emergence greater than the sum of its parts. The study of these complex linkages at various scales is the main goal of complex systems theory. The intuitive criterion of complexity can be formulated as follows: a system would be more complex if more parts could be distinguished, and if more connections between them existed. Science takes a number of approaches to characterizing complexity; Zayed ''et al.'' reflect many of these. Neil F. Johnson, Neil Johnson states that "even among scientists, there is no unique definition of complexity – and the scientific notion has traditionally been conveyed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systems
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences. Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity. Etymology The term ''system'' comes from the Latin word ''systēma'', in turn from Greek ''systēma'': "whole concept made of several parts or members, system", literary "composition"."σύστημα" Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, '' |
Itamar Even-Zohar
Itamar Even-Zohar ( he, איתמר אבן-זהר) (born 1939) is an Israeli culture researcher and professor at Tel Aviv University. Even-Zohar is a pioneer of polysystem theory and the theory of cultural repertoires. Biography Itamar Even-Zohar was born in Tel Aviv. He earned his degrees from the University of Tel Aviv (B.A., and PhD) and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (M.A). He also studied in Oslo, Copenhagen and Stockholm. He has been a guest scholar at universities and research centers in Amsterdam, Paris, Philadelphia, Reykjavík, Quebec City, Louvain, Santiago de Compostela, Santander, St. John's (Newfoundland), Barcelona and Santa Cruz, California. He has a working knowledge of Hebrew (mother tongue), Arabic, English, French, Swedish, Spanish, Norwegian, Danish, Italian, Russian, German, Icelandic, and other languages. In April 2014 he was elected Honorary Member of thAustrian Academy of Sciences Division of Humanities and the Social Sciences. Thought and teaching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin Gentzler
Edwin Gentzler is a Professor Emeritus of Comparative Literature and former Director of the Translation Center at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Biography Gentzler first obtained his BA in English at Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio in 1973. From 1974–77, he studied Germanistic at the Free University of Berlin. From 1978–83, Gentzler worked as a translator and administrator at the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa. He obtained his PhD in Comparative Literature in 1990 at the Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. He was a guest professor at Utrecht University in Holland and Warwick University in England in the early 1990s. Since 1994 Gentzler has worked at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Comparative Literature, where he lectured in Translation Technology, Translation Studies, Postcolonial Theory, and Comparative Literature. He also directed the Translation Center., which provides translation services to business, hosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gideon Toury
Gideon Toury ( he, גדעון טורי) (6 June 1942 – 4 October 2016) was an Israeli translation scholar and professor of Poetics, Comparative Literature and Translation Studies at Tel Aviv University, where he held the M. Bernstein Chair of Translation Theory. Gideon Toury was a pioneer of Descriptive Translation Studies. Biography Gideon Toury was born in Haifa, the first child of the historian Jacob Toury (1915–2004) and his wife Eve. He completed high school at the Reali School in Haifa in 1960. After high-school, he did his military service in the Nahal Brigade and the paratroopers and as part of his training was sent to a kibbutz, to help out with the farming. He lived there for six years, and he ended up editing the kibbutz journal and organizing cultural events. This experience helped him obtaining a position in a children's journal, where he did his first translations, and later as the editor of the Hebrew version of ''Popular Photography''. He graduated with ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mona Baker
Mona Baker (born September 29, 1953) is a professor of translation studies and Director of the Centre for Translation and Intercultural Studies at the University of Manchester in England. Career Baker studied at the American University in Cairo, where she gained a BA in English and Comparative Literature. Afterwards she studied applied linguistics at the University of Birmingham, obtaining an MA. In 1995 she moved to the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology where she became a professor in 1997. She currently holds the Chair in Translation Studies. She is the founder of St. Jerome Publishing where she was editorial director until 2014 when Routledge bought the St. Jerome catalogue. She also founded the international journal ''The Translator''. Since 2009 she has been an honorary member of IAPTI. In the framework of this association she delivered a speech on "Ethics in the Translation/Interpreting Curriculum" She is also co-Vice-president of the Internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Translation Studies
Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and Language localisation, localization. As an interdiscipline, translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that support translation. These include comparative literature, computer science, history, linguistics, philology, philosophy, semiotics, and terminology. The term "translation studies" was coined by the Amsterdam-based American scholar James S. Holmes in his 1972 paper "The name and nature of translation studies", which is considered a foundational statement for the discipline. English writers, occasionally use the term "translatology" (and less commonly "traductology") to refer to translation studies, and the corresponding French term for the discipline is usually "''traductologie''" (as in the Société Française de Traductologie). In the United States, there is a preference for the term "tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
