|
Phenylenediamine
Phenylenediamine may refer to: * ''o''-phenylenediamine or OPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 * ''m''-phenylenediamine or MPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 * ''p''-phenylenediamine or PPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 * ''N,N''-dimethyl-''p''-phenylenediamine or DMPD * ''N,N,N′,N′''-tetramethyl-''p''-phenylenediamine or TMPD, used in microbiology * ''N'',''N''-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine or DPD {{Chemistry index Diamines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-Phenylenediamine
''o''-Phenylenediamine (OPD) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. This aromatic diamine is an important precursor to many heterocyclic compounds. It is isomeric with ''m''-phenylenediamine and ''p''-phenylenediamine. Preparation Commonly, 2-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with ammonia and the resulting 2-nitroaniline is then hydrogenated: :ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl :H2NC6H4NO2 + 3 H2 → H2NC6H4NH2 + 2 H2O In the laboratory, the reduction of the nitroaniline is effected with zinc powder in ethanol, followed by purification of the diamine as the hydrochloride salt. This compound darkens in air; impurities may be removed by treating a hot aqueous solution with sodium dithionite (reducing agent) and activated carbon, then allowing the product to cool and crystallize. Reactions and uses ''o''-Phenylenediamine condenses with ketones and aldehydes to give rise to a variety of useful products. Reactions with carboxylic acids and their derivatives affo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-Phenylenediamine
''p''-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is occasionally used as a substitute for henna. Production PPD is produced via three routes. Most commonly, 4-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with ammonia and the resulting 4-nitroaniline is then hydrogenated: :ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl :H2NC6H4NO2 + 3 H2 → H2NC6H4NH2 + 2 H2O In the DuPont route, aniline is converted to diphenyltriazine, which is then converted by acid-catalysis to 4-aminoazobenzene. Hydrogenation of the latter affords PPD.Robert A. Smiley "Phenylene- and Toluenediamines" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Uses Precursor to polymers PPD is a precursor to aramid plastics and fibers such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DMPD
Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine is an amine. It has been used as an accelerator for the vulcanization of rubber. It can be used in oxidase tests. Synthesis Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine is made by the nitrosylation of dimethylaniline followed by reduction. Applications Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine can be converted to methylene blue by reaction with dimethylaniline and sodium thiosulfate in several steps: : It is used as accelerator for the vulcanization of rubber, being first converted to the corresponding mercaptobenzothiazole 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an organosulfur compound with the formula . It is used in the sulfur vulcanization of rubber. Structure The molecule is planar with a C=S double bond, so the name ''mercapto''benzothiazole is a misnomer. It is not a th .... : References {{reflist Anilines Diamines Dimethylamino compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M-Phenylenediamine
''m''-Phenylenediamine, also called 1,3-diaminobenzene, is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. It is an isomer of ''o''-phenylenediamine and ''p''-phenylenediamine. This aromatic diamine is a colourless solid that appears as needles, but turns red or purple on exposure to air due to formation of oxidation products. Samples often come as colourless flakes and may darken in storage. Production ''m''-Phenylenediamine is produced by hydrogenation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene. The dinitrobenzene is prepared by dinitration of benzene. Applications ''m''-Phenylenediamine is used in the preparation of various polymers including aramid fibers, epoxy resins, wire enamel coatings and polyurea elastomer An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (i.e. both viscosity and Elasticity (physics), elasticity) and with weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus and high Deformation (mechanics), failure strain compared with other mate ...s. Other uses for ''m''-phenyle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wurster's Blue
Wurster's blue is the trivial name given to the chemical ''N'',''N'',''N''′,''N''′-tetramethyl-''p''-phenylenediamine, also known as TMPD. It is an easily oxidised phenylenediamine, which loses two electrons in one-electron oxidation steps; the radical cation is a characteristic blue-violet colour, which gives the compound part of its name. The remaining part of its name comes from its discoverer, the German chemist Casimir Wurster (7 August 1854 – 29 November 1913). The hydrochloride salt finds use as a redox indicator in the oxidase test and is also used in electron transport chain analysis as it is capable of donating electrons to cytochrome c. The term "Wurster's blue" is often reserved for the radical cation, the colorless diamine being called tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD). The midpoint potential for titration of the first electron is given as 0.276 V vs NHE, and this transition is useful in potentiometric titrations as both a redox mediator and indicator. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Color Developing Agent 1
Color Developing Agent 1 (CD-1) is the first in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films. It is the organic compound ''N'',''N''-diethyl-1,4-benzenediamine (DPD), which is usually in the form of the monohydrochloride salt. In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule. Arthur Thomas Palin, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, developed a widely-used color based method of water testing using DPD to indicate the chlorine content of treated water. See Also * Color Developing Agent 2 * Color Developing Agent 3 The third in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-3, is chemically known as N- - 4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)ethylamino.html"_;"title="-[(4-Amino-3-methylphen_... *_Color_Developing_Agent_4.html" ;"title="4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)ethylaminothyl">4-Amino-3-methylphenyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
