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Periodic Counter-current Chromatography
Periodic counter-current chromatography (PCC) is a method for running affinity chromatography in a quasi-continuous manner. Today, the process is mainly employed for the purification of antibodies in the biopharmaceutical industry as well as in research and development. When purifying antibodies, Protein A is used as affinity matrix. However, periodic counter-current processes can be applied to any affinity type chromatography. Basic principle In conventional affinity chromatography, a single chromatography column is loaded with feed material up to the point before target material (product) cannot be retained by the affinity material anymore. The resin with the adsorbed product on it is then washed to remove impurities. Finally, the pure product is eluted with a different buffer. Notably, if too much feed material is loaded onto the column, the product can break through and product is consequently lost. Therefore, it is very important to only partially load the column to maximize the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affinity Chromatography
Affinity chromatography is a method of separating a biomolecule from a mixture, based on a highly specific macromolecular binding interaction between the biomolecule and another substance. The specific type of binding interaction depends on the biomolecule of interest; antigen and antibody, enzyme and substrate, receptor and ligand, or protein and nucleic acid binding interactions are frequently exploited for isolation of various biomolecules. Affinity chromatography is useful for its high selectivity and resolution of separation, compared to other chromatographic methods. Principle Affinity chromatography has the advantage of specific binding interactions between the analyte of interest (normally dissolved in the mobile phase), and a binding partner or ligand (immobilized on the stationary phase). In a typical affinity chromatography experiment, the ligand is attached to a solid, insoluble matrix—usually a polymer such as agarose or polyacrylamide—chemically modified ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biopharmaceutical
A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biological medical product, or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources. Different from totally synthesized pharmaceuticals, they include vaccines, whole blood, blood components, allergenics, somatic cells, gene therapies, tissues, recombinant therapeutic protein, and living medicines used in cell therapy. Biologics can be composed of sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, or complex combinations of these substances, or may be living cells or tissues. They (or their precursors or components) are isolated from living sources—human, animal, plant, fungal, or microbial. They can be used in both human and animal medicine. Terminology surrounding biopharmaceuticals varies between groups and entities, with different terms referring to different subsets of therapeutics within the general biopharmaceutical category. Some regulatory agencies use the terms ''biological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein A
Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria ''Staphylococcus aureus''. It is encoded by the ''spa'' gene and its regulation is controlled by DNA topology, cellular osmolarity, and a two-component system called ArlS-ArlR. It has found use in biochemical research because of its ability to bind immunoglobulins. It is composed of five homologous Ig-binding domains that fold into a three-helix bundle. Each domain is able to bind proteins from many mammalian species, most notably IgGs. It binds the heavy chain within the Fc region of most immunoglobulins and also within the Fab region in the case of the human VH3 family. Through these interactions in serum, where IgG molecules are bound in the wrong orientation (in relation to normal antibody function), the bacteria disrupts opsonization and phagocytosis. History As a by-product of his work on type-specific staphylococcus antigens, Verwey reported in 1940 that a protein fraction prepared from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periodic Counter-current Chromatography Process Diagram
Periodicity or periodic may refer to: Mathematics * Bott periodicity theorem, addresses Bott periodicity: a modulo-8 recurrence relation in the homotopy groups of classical groups * Periodic function, a function whose output contains values that repeat periodically * Periodic mapping Physical sciences * Periodic table of chemical elements * Periodic trends, relative characteristics of chemical elements observed * Redshift periodicity, astronomical term for redshift quantization Other uses * Fokker periodicity blocks, which mathematically relate musical intervals * Periodic acid, a compound of iodine * Principle of periodicity, a concept in generally accepted accounting principles * Quasiperiodicity, property of a system that displays irregular periodicity See also * Aperiodic (other) * Cycle (other) * Frequency (other) * Period (other) Period may refer to: Common uses * Era, a length or span of time * Full stop (or period), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynamic Process Control Mechanisms For Periodic Counter-current Chromatography
Dynamics (from Greek δυναμικός ''dynamikos'' "powerful", from δύναμις ''dynamis'' " power") or dynamic may refer to: Physics and engineering * Dynamics (mechanics) ** Aerodynamics, the study of the motion of air ** Analytical dynamics, the motion of bodies as induced by external forces ** Brownian dynamics, the occurrence of Langevin dynamics in the motion of particles in solution ** File dynamics, stochastic motion of particles in a channel ** Flight dynamics, the science of aircraft and spacecraft design ** Fluid dynamics or ''hydrodynamics'', the study of fluid flow *** Computational fluid dynamics, a way of studying fluid dynamics using numerical methods ** Fractional dynamics, dynamics with integrations and differentiations of fractional orders ** Molecular dynamics, the study of motion on the molecular level ** Langevin dynamics, a mathematical model for stochastic dynamics ** Orbital dynamics, the study of the motion of rockets and spacecraft ** Quantum ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GE Healthcare
GE HealthCare is a subsidiary of American multinational conglomerate General Electric incorporated in New York and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. As of 2017, it is a manufacturer and distributor of diagnostic imaging agents and radiopharmaceuticals for imaging modalities used in medical imaging procedures. It offers dyes used in magnetic-resonance-imaging procedures; manufactures medical diagnostic equipment, including CT image machines; MRI, XRAY; Ultrasound; Cath Labs; Mamogram; Nuclear Medicine Cameres; and develops Health technology for medical imaging and information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, disease research, drug discovery, and biopharmaceutical manufacturing. It was incorporated in 1994 and operates in more than 100 countries. On November 9, 2021, General Electric announced it would demerge into three investment-grade public companies, GE HealthCare being one of the three planned divestitures. The spin-off of GE HealthCare is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novasep
Novasep, based in Lyon (France), is a group of companies involved in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical technologies. History The company emerged as a start-up founded by Roger-Marc Nicoud , producing pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, and purification technologies for food markets. Novasep was privately owned until 2005 before it was sold to the American Rockwood group. In 2005, the major investments were made with Rockwood as an investment partner. As of 2007, the private equity investors Gilde Buy-Out Partners and Banexi Capital Partenaires will hold 72 percent of Groupe Novasep, with management's share increasing to 28 percent. In 2011, as a result of the financial crisis, the company's debts of 450 million euros had to be restructured; this brought the company's capital through a haircut and debt stake swap into the hands of the American investors Tennenbaum, Silver Point and Pimco. The founder subsequently left the company and new management was appointed; the headquar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pall Corporation
Pall Corporation, headquartered in Port Washington, New York, is a global supplier of filtration, separations and purification products. Total revenues for fiscal year 2014 were $2.8 billion, with $103 million spent on R&D. Pall Corporation's business is split into two broad groups: Life Sciences (c.51%) and Industrial (c.49%). These business groups provide fluid management products and systems to customers in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, transfusion medicine, energy, electronics, municipal and industrial water purification, aerospace, transportation and broad industrial markets. The company was founded by David B. Pall in 1946 as Micro Metallic Corporation. History Founded in 1946 as Micro Metallic Corporation. In 1953, Pall purchased an industrial building at 30 Sea Cliff Ave, Glen Cove, NY (occupied until 1999). In 1958, Pall Corporation constructed a building at 36 Sea Cliff Ave (occupied it until 1971, when Pall Corporation sold the building to August Thomsen). The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
