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Penetration (firestop)
A penetration, in firestopping, is an ''opening'', such as one created by the use of a cast-in-place sleeve, in a wall or floor assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, for the purpose of accommodating the passage of a mechanical, electrical or structural penetrant. The penetration may or may not contain a firestop system. A ''penetration'' is not a ''penetrant''. A penetration may or may not include a penetrant. Images Image:Cans_form_penetrations.jpg, Sheet metal cans are nailed to form boards where concrete is about to be cast. The cans are located by the plumber. Once the penetrants are in place, one can firestop. Image:Sprinkler branch penetration.jpg, A penetration, in this case without a firestop. Image:Mortar tag.jpg, A firestopped penetration See also * Sleeve (construction) * Passive fire protection * Annulus (firestop) * Joint (building) * Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural) * Mortar (firestop) * Firestop pillow * Fire test {{div col end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firestop
A firestop or fire-stopping is a form of passive fire protection that is used to seal around openings and between joints in a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor assembly. Firestops are designed to maintain the fire-resistance rating of a wall or floor assembly intended to impede the spread of fire and smoke. Description Firestops prevent unprotected horizontal and vertical penetrations in a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor assembly from creating a route by which fire and smoke can spread that would otherwise have been fire resisting construction, e.g. where a pipe passes through a firewall. Fire stopping is also to seal around gaps between fire resisting constructions, e.g. the linear gap between a wall and the floor above, in order for construction to form a complete barrier to fire and smoke spread. Opening types Firestops are used in: * Electrical, mechanical, and structural penetrations * Unpenetrated openings (such as openings for future use) * Re-entries of exist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sleeve (construction)
{{inline, date=November 2020 In construction, a sleeve is used both by the electrical and mechanical trades to create a penetration in a solid wall, ceilling or floor. Purpose * For cables we provide wall/deck penetration sleeve to avoid any damage to cable from material shifting on deck. * Deck penetrations on offshore platform provided to avoid water/chemical dripping to lower deck in case of spillage. * Acts as toe guard. * For wall penetrations it can be a type of strengthening. * Together with packing it helps to protect from fire spread from one room to other. Materials Sleeves can be made of: * sections of steel pipe. * plastic. * sheet metal. * proprietary devices that are listed firestop components. Requirements * Sleeves must be sized such as to adequately allow the passage of the intended penetrant(s) plus enough room to permit the practical installation and mounting of the penetrants as well as adequate room for firestops. A general practice is to size the sleeve t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire-resistance Rating
A fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time, or it may entail other criteria, involving evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose. Common rating systems The following depict the most commonly used international time/temperature curves: File:Din iso astm ul curves.JPG, Time/Temperature Curves used for testing the fire-resistance rating of passive fire protection systems such as firestops, fire doors, wall and floor assemblies, etc., which are used in compartmentalisation in buildings and the petrochemical industry in Europe and North America. File:Tunnel hc iso curves.jpg, Time/Temperature Curves used for testing the fire-resistance rating of passive fire protection systems in tunnels in Germany, The Netherlands and France. File:Rws tunnel curve.jpg, Time/Temperature Curve used for testing the fire-resistance rating of pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penetrant (mechanical, Electrical, Or Structural)
Penetrants, or penetrating items, are the mechanical, electrical or structural items that pass through an opening in a wall or floor, such as pipes, electrical conduits, ducting, electrical cables and cable trays, or structural steel beams and columns. When these items pierce a wall or floor assembly, they create a space between the penetrant and the surrounding structure which can become an avenue for the spread of fire between rooms or floors. Building codes require a firestop to seal the openings around penetrants. Image:Mcc room perimeter canned cable penseal metacaulk.jpg, Electrical cable through-penetration, firestopped by an intumescent sealant, to restore the two-hour fire-resistance rating of the concrete floor. image:Steel_beam_penetration.jpg, Steel Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheet Metal
Sheet metal is metal formed into thin, flat pieces, usually by an industrial process. Sheet metal is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and it can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. Thicknesses can vary significantly; extremely thin sheets are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate, such as plate steel, a class of structural steel. Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips. The coils are formed by running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter. In most of the world, sheet metal thickness is consistently specified in millimeters. In the U.S., the thickness of sheet metal is commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as its gauge. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal. Commonly used steel sheet metal ranges from 30 gauge to about 7 gauge. Gauge differs between ferrous ( iron-based) metals and nonferrous metals such as aluminum or copper. Cop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building material. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminum combined. Globally, the ready-mix concrete industry, the largest segment of the concrete market, is projected to exceed $600 billion in revenue by 2025. This widespread use results in a number of environmental impacts. Most notably, the production process for cement produces large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to net 8% of global emissions. Other environmental concerns include widespread illegal sand mining, impacts on the surrounding environment such as increased surface runoff or urban heat island effect, and potential public health implications from toxic ingredients. Significant research and development is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passive Fire Protection
Passive fire protection (PFP) is components or systems of a building or structure that slows or impedes the spread of the effects of fire or smoke without system activation, and usually without movement. Examples of passive systems include floor-ceilings and roofs, fire doors, windows, and wall assemblies, fire-resistant coatings, and other fire and smoke control assemblies. Passive fire protection systems can include active components such as fire dampers. Main characteristics Passive fire protection systems are intended to: * Contain a fire to the compartment of fire origin * Slow a fire from spreading from the compartment of fire origin * Slow the heating of structural members * Prevent the spread of fire through intentional openings (e.g., doors, HVAC ducts) in fire rated assemblies by the use of a fire rated closure (e.g., fire door, fire damper) * Prevent the spread of fire through penetrations (e.g., holes in fire walls through which building systems such as plumbing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annulus (firestop)
{{unreferenced, date=March 2015 The annulus, or annular space, is the space between a penetrant and whatever surrounds it, such as the sides of an opening or a sleeve A sleeve ( ang, slīef, a word allied to ''slip'', cf. Dutch ) is the part of a garment that covers the arm, or through which the arm passes or slips. The sleeve is a characteristic of fashion seen in almost every country and time period, acro ..., as the case may be. External links External examples of the use of the term. Annulus, a term used within a firestop patentAnnulus, as used in UL System C-AJ-1557 Firestop System, Configuration A Passive fire protection Firestops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint (building)
A building joint is a junction where building elements meet without applying a static load from one element to another. When one or more of these vertical or horizontal elements that meet are required by the local building code to have a fire-resistance rating, the resulting opening that makes up the joint must be firestopped in order to restore the required compartmentalisation. Qualification requirements Such joints are often subject to movement. Firestops must be able to demonstrate the ability to withstand operational movement prior to fire testing. Firestops for such building joints can be qualified tUL 2079 -- Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems The joint design must consider the anticipated operational movement of each joint. Timing is also important, as freshly poured concrete shrinks particularly during the first few months of a new building, potentially causing joint size changes. Head-of-Wall (HOW) Where vertical fire-resistance rated wall asse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penetrant (mechanical, Electrical, Or Structural)
Penetrants, or penetrating items, are the mechanical, electrical or structural items that pass through an opening in a wall or floor, such as pipes, electrical conduits, ducting, electrical cables and cable trays, or structural steel beams and columns. When these items pierce a wall or floor assembly, they create a space between the penetrant and the surrounding structure which can become an avenue for the spread of fire between rooms or floors. Building codes require a firestop to seal the openings around penetrants. Image:Mcc room perimeter canned cable penseal metacaulk.jpg, Electrical cable through-penetration, firestopped by an intumescent sealant, to restore the two-hour fire-resistance rating of the concrete floor. image:Steel_beam_penetration.jpg, Steel Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mortar (firestop)
Mortar is a workable paste which hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, spread the weight of them evenly, and sometimes to add decorative colors or patterns to masonry walls. In its broadest sense, mortar includes pitch, asphalt, and soft mud or clay, as those used between mud bricks, as well as cement mortar. The word "mortar" comes from Old French ''mortier'', "builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing." (13c.). Cement mortar becomes hard when it cures, resulting in a rigid aggregate structure; however, the mortar functions as a weaker component than the building blocks and serves as the sacrificial element in the masonry, because mortar is easier and less expensive to repair than the building blocks. Bricklayers typically make mortars using a mixture of sand, a binder, and water. The most common binder since the early 20th century is Portland cement, but the ancient binder lime m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firestop Pillow
Firestop pillows are passive fire protection items used for firestopping holes to achieve fireproofing. The various kinds of firestop pillows are intended to slow the spread of fire. They are often used to meet fire-resistance ratings in conduits that need frequent access. Description and use Firestop pillows are used for firestopping holes in wall or floor assemblies, particularly in openings that require frequent access (e.g., cable changes), requiring the removal of the firestopping and resealing after the changes are completed. The products are required to have fire-resistance ratings and to be used in accordance with a certification listing. Pillow types There are three types of firestop pillows: * rockwool batts with intumescent resin inside plastic bags * vermiculite with intumescent graphite inside of fibreglass bags * intumescent foam rubber The intumescent resins in batt-based firestop pillows contains hydrates, or chemically bound water. On the fire side, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
