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Papal Election, 1191
The 1191 papal election took place after the death of Pope Clement III. Pope Clement, according to differing and irreconcilable reports, died in March 1191, in the last third of the month, on the 20th, the 25th, the 26th, the 28th, or perhaps 2 April or 4 April, or 10 April. The election was conducted during the march of King Henry VI and his army toward Rome. The 85-year-old Cardinal Giacinto Bobone, a member of the Orsini family, was chosen after some extreme reluctance. He took the name Celestine III. Pressed by the Romans, however, he agreed to negotiate with King Henry about his coronation as emperor and about the possession of the city of Tusculum. Celestine postponed his own consecration in order to buy time to negotiate. He was finally crowned on Easter Sunday, 14 April 1191. Death of Clement III King Henry crossed into Italy in mid-winter, and was in Bologna by 11 February 1191; on 22 February he was at Lucca, and on the 26th at Pisa. He had sent representatives (''nunt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Celestine III
Pope Celestine III ( la, Caelestinus III; c. 1106 – 8 January 1198), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 March or 10 April 1191 to his death in 1198. He had a tense relationship with several monarchs, including Emperor Henry VI, King Tancred of Sicily, and King Alfonso IX of León. Early career Giacinto Bobone was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome. He was appointed as cardinal-deacon in 1144 by Celestine II or Lucius II. Considered by the Roman Curia as an expert on Spain, Bobone conducted two legatine missions to Spain in (1154–55) and (1172–75) as the Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin. Pontificate Celestine was elected on 29/30 March 1191 and ordained a priest 13 April 1191. He crowned Emperor Henry VI on the day after his election in 1191. In 1192, Celestine recognized Tancred as king of Sicily, despite Henry VI's wife's claim. He threatened to excommunicate Henry VI for wrongfully keeping King Richard I of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santi Sergio E Bacco Al Foro Romano
Santi Sergio e Bacco al Foro Romano (Italian: ''Saints Sergius and Bacchus at the Roman Forum'') also called Santi Sergio e Bacco ''sub Capitolio'' (''Saints Sergius and Bacchus under the Capitoline'') was an ancient titular church in Rome, now lost. Located in the ruins of the Roman Forum, it had been one of the ancient ''diaconiae'' of the city and a collect church for one of the station days of Lent, but it was demolished in the sixteenth century. Dedication and location The church was dedicated to the fourth-century Syrian martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, and was one of four churches in Rome listed by the ninth-century ''Liber Pontificalis'' as being named in their honor. (The only one that survives today is Santi Sergio e Bacco ''in Callinico''.) Its epithets, listed by Christian Hülsen, were ''sub Capitolio'' or ''retro Capitolium'', both of which refer to its position in the Forum, which is "under" or "behind" the Capitoline Hill. The church was constructed up against the Arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santi Apostoli, Rome
Santi Dodici Apostoli (Church of the Twelve Holy Apostles; la, SS. Duodecim Apostolorum), commonly known simply as Santi Apostoli, is a 6th-century Roman Catholic parish and titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, dedicated originally to St. James and St. Philip, whose remains are kept here, and later to all Apostles. Today, the basilica is under the care of the Conventual Franciscans, whose headquarters in Rome is in the adjacent building. The Cardinal Priest of the ''Titulus XII Apostolorum'' is Angelo Scola. Among the previous Cardinal Priests are Pope Clement XIV, whose tomb by Canova is in the basilica, and Henry Benedict Stuart. History Built by Pope Pelagius I to celebrate the victory of Narses, the general of the Emperor Justinian, over the Ostrogoths, and dedicated by Pope John III to St. James and Saint Philip the Apostle, the basilica is listed as "Titulus SS Apostolorum" in the acts of the synod of 499. Santi Apostoli was ruined by the earthquake o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Marco Evangelista Al Campidoglio, Rome
San Marco is a minor basilica in Rome dedicated to St. Mark the Evangelist located in the small Piazza di San Marco adjoining Piazza Venezia. It was first built in 336 by Pope Mark, whose remains are in an urn located below the main altar. The basilica is the national church of Venice in Rome. History In 336, Pope Mark built a church devoted to one of the Evangelists, his patron saint, St. Mark, in a place called ''ad Pallacinas''. The church is thus recorded as ''Titulus Marci'' in the 499 synod of Pope Symmachus. At that time it became one of the stational churches of the city (Monday of the third week in Lent). After a restoration in 792 by Pope Adrian I, the church was rebuilt by Pope Gregory IV in 833. Besides the addition of a Romanesque bell tower in 1154, the major change in the architecture of the church was ordered by Pope Paul II in 1465–70, when the façade of the church was restyled according to the Renaissance taste with a portico and loggia, using marbles ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese Of Palestrina
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina ( la, Diocesis Praenestina) is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy. The current bishop of Palestrina is Domenico Sigalini, who from 3 November 2010 until 5 April 2014 was also appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to be the general ecclesiastical assistant of Italian Catholic Action. History Palestrina was looted in 1473. During the 17th century, the comune of Palestrina was the family territory of a number of Italian noble families including the Barberini, Colonna and d'Este families (which regularly intermarried). Members of these families are represented throughout the list of diocese Bishops, especially between 1600 and 1800. Barberini Pope Urban VIII appointed a number of relatives and close supporters to the Palestrina diocese and governmental positions. Bishops To 1000 *Maurus (558) *Sergio (721) *Venanzio 732 *Gregorio 761–767 *Andrea 769–773 *Contantinus 826 *Leone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joannes Anagninus
Joannes Anagninus (Giovanni dei Conti di Anagni) (died 1196) was a Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Anagni, and belonged to the family of the Counts of Anagni, the same family which produced Pope Innocent III. His colleagues called him, and he called himself "Joannes Anagninus". In 1191, he subscribed himself ''Joannes comes Anagninus, episcopus cardinalis Praenestinus.'' He was successively cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Portico, cardinal priest of S. Marco, and cardinal bishop of Palestrina. Schism In the letter of the cardinals to the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in October 1159, he is named as Jo(annes), a cardinal deacon, indicating that he was already a cardinal under Pope Adrian IV. Pope Adrian died on 1 September 1159, and the 1159 papal election, election of his successor produced a schism between the canonically elected Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli, the papal chancellor, who became Pope Alexander III on 7 September, and the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese Of Ostia
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia is an ecclesiastical territory located within the Metropolitan City of Rome in Italy. It is one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. The incumbent Bishop is cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. Since 1150, its bishop has been the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Its Cathedral is Basilica di Sant'Aurea. From 1105 to 1914, the diocese was merged with the Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri. In 1962, the Diocese of Ostia was brought under the direct administration of the Diocese of Rome. Bishops Bishops of Ostia (-1057) * aximus (259):... *Maximus (313) *Florentius (366) :''...'' *Bonus (487). *Bellator (499) *Aristus (502) :... *Amabile (649) :... *Andrea(s) (680) :... *Sissinio 732 – before 745 *Theodorus (745) * George I, 753–786 :''...'' * Gregory I, 787 – before 804 * Bernard 804–805 * Peter I 805 – before 826 * Cesareo 826–854 * Megisto (or Leo I), 854–868 * Donatus, 868–870 :''sede vacante 870–878'' * Eugenius, 87 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottaviano Di Paoli
Ottaviano di Poli (surname given variously) (died 1206), a member of the family of the Counts of Poli, was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. While still a subdeacon, he was sent as a papal legate to France by Pope Alexander III in 1178, to summon the French bishops to a general council which met in Rome in March 1179. He was created cardinal in December 1182 at Velletri, in the first creation of cardinals by Pope Lucius III. He was appointed cardinal-deacon of Ss. Sergio e Bacco. He subscribed the papal bulls between 2 January 1183 and 8 November 1205. In 1186, Pope Urban III reversed the policy of his predecessors, to deny the repeated requests of King Henry II of England to have his son John crowned king of Ireland with papal blessing. Pope Urban named Cardinal Ottaviano as legate to Henry II of England, along with Hugh de Nunant. They did not arrive at the English court until after Christmas. Their mission was to crown John Lackland as King of Ireland. By parading their le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Lorenzo In Damaso
The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence in Damaso (Basilica Minore di San Lorenzo in Damaso) or simply San Lorenzo in Damaso is a parish and titular church in central Rome, Italy that is dedicated to St. Lawrence, deacon and martyr. It is incorporated into the Palazzo della Cancelleria, which enjoys the extraterritoriality of the Holy See. History Archaeological evidence suggests the site, like those of many churches in Rome, may have formerly housed a pagan temple. The first documentary evidence of a church at this site is the reference in the synod of Pope Symmachus of AD 499 of a ''Titulus Damasi''. According to tradition, in the AD 380s a basilica church was erected by Pope Damasus I in his own residence. This church is one of many in Rome dedicated to St. Lawrence, including the more ancient and then extra-urban Basilica di San Lorenzo Fuori le Mura, that was rebuilt by the same Pope Damasus I. The original basilica of San Lorenzo in Damaso was demolished by Cardinal Raffaele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria In Campitelli
Santa Maria in Campitelli or Santa Maria in Portico (''Santa Maria in Portico di Campitelli'') is a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary on the narrow Piazza di Campitelli in Sant'Angelo (rione of Rome), Rione Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy. The church is served by the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God. History Tradition holds that a primitive oratory or church was founded at the site during the years 523–526, under the papacy of Pope John I. This structure was located near the Porticus Octaviae (giving the church and icon its name of "Madonna of the Portico"). The structure was created to house a venerated 25 cm-high icon of the Virgin Mary and Saints Peter and Paul. According to legend, the icon appeared miraculously in 524 at the table of Galla of Rome, Galla, a Roman woman who was helping the poor, and it was said to be carried in processions since 590. The initial church structure was the no-longer extant Oratory of Santa Galla, located across the piazza from the presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Prassede
The Basilica of Saint Praxedes ( la, Basilica Sanctae Praxedis, it, Basilica di Santa Prassede all’Esquillino), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an early medieval titular church and minor basilica located near the papal basilica of Saint Mary Major, on Via di Santa Prassede, 9/a in rione Monti of Rome, Italy. The current Cardinal Priest of ''Titulus Sancta Praxedis'' is Paul Poupard. Dedicated to the second-century saint Praxedes, who with her sister Pudentiana, was said to have provided comfort and care to Christians persecuted in the Roman Empire. History The church incorporates mosaic decoration that mark it among the oldest churches in Rome. A church near this site was present since the fifth century, but the church in its current place and general layout was commissioned by Pope Hadrian I around the year 780 to house the relics (bones) of Saint Praxedes ( it, S. Prassede) and Saint Pudentiana ( it, S. Pudenziana), the daughters of Saint Pudens, tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monte Cassino
Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first house of the Benedictine Order, having been established by Benedict of Nursia himself around 529. It was for the community of Monte Cassino that the Rule of Saint Benedict was composed. The first monastery on Monte Cassino was sacked by the invading Lombards around 570 and abandoned. Of the first monastery almost nothing is known. The second monastery was established by Petronax of Brescia around 718, at the suggestion of Pope Gregory II and with the support of the Lombard Duke Romuald II of Benevento. It was directly subject to the pope and many monasteries in Italy were under its authority. In 883, the monastery was sacked by Saracens and abandoned again. The community of monks resided first at Teano and then from 914 at Capua befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
