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Pétroleuses
''Pétroleuses'' were, according to popular rumours at the time, female supporters of the Paris Commune, accused of burning down much of Paris during the last days of the Commune in May 1871. During May, when Paris was being recaptured by loyalist Versaillais troops, rumours circulated that lower-class women were committing arson against private property and public buildings, using bottles full of petroleum or paraffin (similar to modern-day Molotov cocktails) which they threw into cellar windows, in a deliberate act of spite against the government. Many Parisian buildings, including the Hôtel de Ville, the Tuileries Palace, the Palais de Justice and many other government buildings were in fact set afire by the soldiers of the Commune during the last days of the Commune, prompting the press and Parisian public opinion to blame the . Background During the Bloody Week at the end of the Commune, many Paris landmarks were set on fire by the Communards, most notably the Hotel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulalie Papavoine
Eulalie Papavoine (born 11 November 1846 in Auxerre and died 24 May 1875 in Châlons-en-Champagne). She was a Parisian seamstress. She participated in the Paris Commune as an ambulance nurse. Biography Paris Commune Eulalie Papavoine was unmarried and lived with Rémy Ernest Balthazar, a journeyman engraver, who was a corporal in the 135th battalion of the National Guard. She had a child with him. During the Paris Commune, she followed him as an ambulance nurse to battles at Neuilly, Issy, Vanves, and Levallois. Arrest and trial Arrested after Bloody Week, Papavoine was imprisoned at Satory, identified as a probable ringleader alongside Louise Michel and Victorine Gorget, then taken with about forty other women to the Chantiers prison at Versailles. Eventually she was taken to a detention centre with very difficult conditions. The trial of the "pétroleuses" began on 3 September 1871. Papavoine was accused, alongside Léontine Suétens, of having stolen three handkerc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Women Incendiaries
''The Women Incendiaries'' is a historical account of the role of women during the 1871 Paris Commune, written by French historian Édith Thomas. The book was first published in French in 1963 as ''Les Pétroleuses'' and translated into English in 1966 by James and Starr Atkinson. The history puts special emphasis on the role of Louise Michel in the Commune's events. The librarian trade publication '' Library Journal'' review wrote that the book's contemporary—the 1966 ''The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune'' by Alistair Horne—was more interesting with the same subject matter. As a result, the reviewer concluded that Thomas's book would have a smaller audience. ''The Atlantic ''The Atlantic'' is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher. It features articles in the fields of politics, foreign affairs, business and the economy, culture and the arts, technology, and science. It was founded in 1857 in Boston, ...'' reviewer, however, praised Thomas's mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrol Girls
Petrol Girls is an English punk rock band formed in London in 2012 by Ren Aldridge and Liepa Kuraitė, with Joe York and Zock Astpai joining later. The band is named after the historical Pétroleuses and is outspokenly feminist. They have released three albums on independent labels. They have received media coverage from The Independent, Kerrang!, NPR and Vice Media History Petrol Girls formed and played their first show in 2012, after just two practises, at a house party hosted by founding member Ren Aldridge (vocals) to celebrate International Women’s Day. Retaining original bassist Liepa Kuraitė, who had never played before Aldridge invited her to join, they eventually recruited Joe York (guitar) and Zock Astpai (drums) to complete a sustainable lineup. Aldridge took the name from a group of 19th century French revolutionaries, ''les Pétroleuses'', after hearing them mentioned by Laurie Penny. After two EPs, their eponymous self-released 7-inch from 2014 and ''Some Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léontine Suétens
Léontine Suétens (1846-1891) was a Washerwoman, laundress and a communard. She was convicted in the trial of the "pétroleuses", which began 3 September 1871. Life Before the Paris Commune Léontine Suétens was born in 1846 in Beauvais. Her father, Jean Baptiste Suétens, a tailor with progressive ideas, left for Paris in 1848. Her mother, Sophie Olympe Doudeuil, was also from a working-class family. She lived in concubinage with a carver, Aubert, from 1864. She was convicted to a year of imprisonment for theft in 1867. In 1870, she followed her companion, a sergeant-major of the 135th bataillion, and became a Vivandière, cantinière. She participated in the battles of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Neuilly, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Issy, Vanves, and Levallois-Perret, where she was wounded twice. She wore a red scarf, carried a Chassepot rifle, and helped the wounded. Trial Suétens was one of the defendants of the trial of the "pétroleuses" that began on 3 September 1871. Her l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Élisabeth Rétiffe
Élisabeth Rétiffe (born Rose Rétif, January 9, 1834, in Vézelise, died February 24, 1882, in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni) was a French cardboard maker, socialist activist, ambulance worker and communard. She was condemned to death for her action during the Paris Commune, where she was sentenced to perform hard labor before she was deported to Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the .... Biography Earning her living as a cardboard maker, she decided to help those who were needy in Paris. Her strong temper had her sentenced in 1853 for assault and battery against another woman, and in 1855 for contempt of officers. During the insurrection of the Paris Commune in 1871, she became an ambulance driver and declared that she would have treated the people as well as the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Tombs
Robert Paul Tombs (born 8 May 1949) is a British historian of France. He is professor emeritus of French history at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. Prior to this, he was a reader in the subject until 2007. Tombs is the recipient of the ''Ordre des Palmes académiques'' awarded by the French government. Early life Tombs was born in England. He conducted research in France for his PhD on modern French history, and completed his doctorate at the University of Cambridge. Tombs studied French at school but mainly learned the language by traveling to France, "getting jobs, making friends, and learning on the spot." Academic career Tombs's specialty is 19th-century France, particularly the Paris Commune. His work focused on the political culture of the working classes, and led him to revise a number of myths associated with the history of the Paris Commune. His first book, ''The War Against Paris, 1871'', analysed the role of the French A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne-Marie Ménand
Anne-Marie Ménand, née Marie Louise Ménan (born 9 June 1837) was a cook who was accused of being an arsonist during the Paris Commune. She was arrested, brought before the military tribunal, and sentenced to death. Her sentence was commuted and she was instead deported to French Guiana. Biography Ménand was a Breton, born on 9 June 1837 in Saint-Séglin, Ille-et-Vilaine, to a labourer, Barthélémy Ménan, and his wife Périne Bertier. Her name is variously given as Anne-Marie, Marie Josèphe, or Jeanne-Marie, and her last name as Ménan, Ménand, or Menans. The date of her arrival in Paris is unknown, but she was a cook there until 1867. She then became a newspaper-seller at Rue Royale and Place de la Madeleine. In the neighbourhood, she was known as "the woman with the yellow dog." She lived in Vincennes in October 1870, selling eau de vie to soldiers and engaging in prostitution; she was often seen drunk. During the Siege of Paris, in December 1870, she was sen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joséphine Marchais
Jos̩phine Marguerite Marchais, n̩e Rabier (13 April 1837 Р20 February 1874), was a French day labourer who was an active participant in the Paris Commune in 1871. Arrested while carrying weapons, she was condemned to death. Her sentence was commuted to forced labour, and she was deported to Guiana. Biography Jos̩phine Marchais was born 13 April 1837 in Blois in Loir-et-Cher. She was from a disadvantaged background and had a difficult family situation. She herself spent six months in prison for theft, and her mother and sister were also incarcerated. In 1871, during the Paris Commune, she was a vivandi̬re in the Enfants Perdus, along with her lover, a butcher's assistant named Jean Guy. According to witnesses, she was at the barricade on the Rue de Lille on 22 and 23 May, with her rifle and Tyrolean hat; she was accused of looting, obscenity, and profanity, and was said to have declared, "if I am killed, I want to kill first!" Witnesses also said that she forced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Affairs
''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs. Founded on 15 September 1922, the print magazine is currently published every two months, while the website publishes articles daily and anthologies every other month. ''Foreign Affairs'' is considered one of the United States' most influential foreign policy magazines. Over its long history, the magazine has published a number of seminal articles including George Kennan's "X Article", published in 1947, and Samuel P. Huntington's " The Clash of Civilizations," published in 1993. Important academics, public officials, and policy leaders regularly appear in the magazine's pages. Recent ''Foreign Affairs'' authors include Robert O. Keohane, Hillary Clinton, Donald H. Rumsfeld, Ashton Carter, Colin L. Powell, Franci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édith Thomas
Édith Thomas (23 January 1909, Montrouge – 7 December 1970, Paris) was a French novelist, archivist, historian, and journalist. A bisexual pioneer of women's history, she reputedly inspired a character of the erotic novel '' Story of O''.Dorothy Kaufmann, ''Édith Thomas, A Passion for Resistance'', Cornell University Press, 2004 Career Thomas studied at the École des chartes, from which she graduated in 1931. In 1933, her first novel, ''La Mort de Marie'' (Mary's Death), was awarded the '' Prix du Premier Roman''. A few years later she quit her job to become a journalist at ''Ce Soir'', a left-wing evening newspaper close to the Popular Front government. She also contributed to various magazines (''Vendredi'', ''Europe'', ''Regards'') for which she covered the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side. During World War II, she joined the Résistance and became a member of the French Communist Party in 1942. She wrote a series of short stories under male pseudonyms (Jean L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Guiana
French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas. It borders Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west. With a land area of , French Guiana is the second-largest Regions of France, region of France (more than one-seventh the size of Metropolitan France) and the largest Special member state territories and the European Union, outermost region within the European Union. It has a very low population density, with only . (Its population is less than that of Metropolitan France.) Half of its 294,436 inhabitants in 2022 lived in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its Prefectures in France, capital. 98.9% of the land territory of French Guiana is covered by forests, a large part of which is Old-growth forest, primeval Tropical r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hôtel-Dieu, Paris
The Hôtel-Dieu () is a hospital located on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on the parvis of Notre-Dame. Tradition has it that the hospital was founded by Saint Landry in 651 AD, but the first official records date it to 829, making it the oldest in France and possibly the oldest continuously operating hospital in the world. The Hôtel-Dieu was the only hospital in the city until the beginning of 17th century. The original Hôtel-Dieu stood on the banks of the Seine on the southern side of the Île de la Cité. It was ravaged by fire several times and was rebuilt for the last time at its present location on the north side of the parvis of Notre Dame between 1867 and 1878, as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris. Nowadays operated by Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Hôtel-Dieu is a teaching hospital associated with the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes. History Overview Originally, the Hôtel-Dieu admitted a wide r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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