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Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ZBTB16'' gene. Function This gene is a member of the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that contains nine Kruppel-type zinc finger domains at the carboxyl terminus. This protein is located in the nucleus, is involved in cell cycle progression, and interacts with a histone deacetylase. Specific instances of aberrant gene rearrangement at this locus have been associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and physiological roles have been identified in mouse Natural Killer T cells and γδ T cells, gamma-delta T cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized in human. Interactions Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with: * Angiotensin II receptor type 1, * BCL6, * BMI1, * Calcitriol receptor, * FHL2, * GATA1, * GATA2, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GATA1
GATA-binding factor 1 or GATA-1 (also termed Erythroid transcription factor) is the founding member of the GATA family of transcription factors. This protein is widely expressed throughout vertebrate species. In humans and mice, it is encoded by the ''GATA1'' and ''Gata1'' genes, respectively. These genes are located on the X chromosome in both species. GATA1 regulates the expression (i.e. formation of the genes' products) of an ensemble of genes that mediate the development of red blood cells and platelets. Its critical roles in red blood cell formation include promoting the maturation of precursor cells, e.g. erythroblasts, to red blood cells and stimulating these cells to erect their cytoskeleton and biosynthesize their oxygen-carrying components viz., hemoglobin and heme. GATA1 plays a similarly critical role in the maturation of blood platelets from megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes, and megakaryocytes; the latter cells then shed membrane-enclosed fragments of their cytop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZBTB32
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the 1960 bp ZBTB32 gene. The 52 kDa protein (487 aa) is a transcriptional repressor and the gene is expressed in T and B cells upon activation, but also significantly in testis cells. It is a member of the Poxviruses and Zinc-finger (POZ) and Krüppel (POK) family of proteins, and was identified in multiple screens involving either immune cell tumorigenesis or immune cell development. The protein recruits histone modification enzymes to chromatin to affect gene activation. ZBTB32 recruits corepressors, such as N-CoR and HDACs to its target genes, induces repressive chromatin states and acts cooperatively with other proteins, e.g. with Blimp-1, to suppress the transcription of genes . It contains a N-terminal BTB/POZ domain (IPR000210) or a SKP1/BTB/POZ domain (IPR011333), and three C-terminal zinc fingers, Znf_C2H2_sf. (IPR036236), Znf_C2H2_type domain (IPR013087), a Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIN3B
Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SIN3B'' gene. Interactions SIN3B has been shown to interact with HDAC1, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16, SUDS3 and IKZF1. See also * Transcription coregulator In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes. Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription are ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * Gene expression Transcription coregulators {{gene-19-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIN3A
Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SIN3A'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulatory protein. It contains paired amphipathic helix (PAH) domains, which are important for protein-protein interactions and may mediate repression by the Mad-Max complex. Interactions SIN3A has been shown to interact with: * CABIN1 * HBP1, * HDAC1, * HDAC9, * Histone deacetylase 2, * Host cell factor C1, * IKZF1, * ING1, * KLF11, * MNT, * MXD1, * Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2, * Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2, * OGT, * PHF12, * Promyelocytic leukemia protein, * RBBP4, * RBBP7, * SAP130, * SAP30, * SMARCA2, * SMARCA4, * SMARCC1, * SUDS3, * TAL1, and * Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16. See also * Transcription coregulator In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ''RARA'' gene. NR1B1 is a gene with a protein product and has a chromosomal location of 17q21.2. RARA codes for the nuclear hormone receptor Retinoic Acid Receptor, Alpha subtype, and are themselves transcription factors. There are another 2 subtypes of RARs, Beta subtype, and Gamma subtype. Function Retinoid signaling is transduced by 2 families of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor ( RAR) and retinoid X receptor ( RXR), which form RXR/RAR heterodimers. In the absence of ligand, DNA-bound RXR/RARA represses transcription by recruiting the corepressors NCOR1, SMRT ( NCOR2), and histone deacetylase. When ligand binds to the complex, it induces a conformational change allowing the recruitment of coactivators, histone acetyltransferases, and the basic transcription machinery. Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RUNX1T1
Protein CBFA2T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RUNX1T1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a putative zinc finger transcription factor and oncoprotein. In acute myeloid leukemia, especially in the M2 subtype, the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is one of the most frequent karyotypic abnormalities. The translocation produces a chimeric gene made up of the 5'-region of the RUNX1 gene fused to the 3'-region of this gene. The chimeric protein is thought to associate with the nuclear corepressor/histone deacetylase complex to block hematopoietic differentiation. Several transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. Interactions RUNX1T1 has been shown to interact with: * CBFA2T2, * CBFA2T3, * Calcitriol receptor * GFI1, * Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1, * Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2, * PRKAR2A, and * Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 is a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) (also known as MYL, RNF71, PP8675 or TRIM19) is the protein product of the PML gene. PML protein is a tumor suppressor protein required for the assembly of a number of nuclear structures, called PML-nuclear bodies, which form amongst the chromatin of the cell nucleus. These nuclear bodies are present in mammalian nuclei, at about 1 to 30 per cell nucleus. PML-NBs are known to have a number of regulatory cellular functions, including involvement in programmed cell death, genome stability, antiviral effects and controlling cell division. PML mutation or loss, and the subsequent dysregulation of these processes, has been implicated in a variety of cancers. History PML was poorly understood until described in the findings of Grignani ''et al'' in their 1996 study of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It was found that the karyotype of 90% of APL patients included a reciprocal translocation, resulting in the fusion of the Retinoic A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Receptor Co-repressor 2
The nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 () is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor-interacting domains. In addition, NCOR2 appears to recruit histone deacetylases to DNA promoter regions. Hence NCOR2 assists nuclear receptors in the down regulation of target gene expression. NCOR2 is also referred to as a silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT) or T3 receptor-associating cofactor 1 (TRAC-1). Function NCOR2/SMRT is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several modulatory functional domains including multiple autonomous repression domains as well as two or three C-terminal nuclear receptor-interacting domains. NCOR2/SMRT serves as a repressive coregulatory factor (corepressor) for multiple transcription factor pathways. In this regard, NCOR2/SMRT functions as a platform protein, facilitating the recruitment of histone deacetylases to the DNA promoters bound by its interacting transcription factors. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the ''HBEGF'' gene. HB-EGF-like growth factor is synthesized as a membrane-anchored mitogenic and chemotactic glycoprotein. An epidermal growth factor produced by monocytes and macrophages, due to an affinity for heparin is termed HB-EGF. It has been shown to play a role in wound healing, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart development and function. First identified in the conditioned media of human macrophage-like cells, HB-EGF is an 87-amino acid glycoprotein that displays highly regulated gene expression. Ectodomain shedding results in the soluble mature form of HB-EGF, which influences the mitogenicity and chemotactic factors for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The transmembrane form of HB-EGF is the unique receptor for diphtheria toxin and functions in juxtacrine signaling in cells. Both forms of HB-EGF participate in normal physiological processes and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HDAC6
Histone deacetylase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC6'' gene. HDAC6 has emerged as a highly promising candidate to selectively inhibit as a therapeutic strategy to combat several types of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Function Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromatin structure and affects transcription. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It contains an internal duplication of two catalytic domains that appear to function independently of each other. This protein possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription. It retracts the cilium of the cell, which is necessary prior to mitosis. * HDAC encourages cell motility and catalyzes α-tubulin deacetylation. As a result the enzyme encourages cancer cell metastasis. HDAC6 affects transcription and tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histone Deacetylase 5
Histone deacetylase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC5'' gene. Function Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class II histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It coimmunoprecipitates only with HDAC3 family member and might form multicomplex proteins. It also interacts with myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) proteins, resulting in repression of MEF2-dependent genes. This gene is thought to be associated with colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 occurs by phosphorylation of HDAC5. HDAC5 is involved in memory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
