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Procolophonoid
Procolophonoidea is an extinct superfamily of procolophonian parareptiles. Members were characteristically small, stocky, and lizard-like in appearance. Fossils have been found worldwide from many continents including Antarctica. The first members appeared during the Late Permian in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Taxonomy Procolophonoidea includes the families Owenettidae and Procolophonidae. ''Sclerosaurus'', which is placed within its own family Sclerosauridae, may be a member of the superfamily as well. In 1997, De Braga and Rieppel defined this same taxon (the oldest common ancestor of Procolophonidae and Owenettidae and all its descendants) using the name Procolophoniformes.Jalil, N. E., & Janvier, P. (2005). Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc. Geodiversitas, 27(1), 35-132. When the superfamily was constructed in 1956, it was thought to be within the anthracosaur suborder Diadectomorpha. Since then it has been plac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procolophonia
The Procolophonia are a suborder of herbivorous reptiles that lived from the Middle Permian till the end of the Triassic period. They were originally included as a suborder of the Cotylosauria (later renamed Captorhinida Carroll 1988) but are now considered a clade of Parareptilia. They are closely related to other generally lizard-like Permian reptiles such as the Millerettidae, Bolosauridae, Acleistorhinidae, and Lanthanosuchidae, all of which are included under the Anapsida or "Parareptiles" (as opposed to the Eureptilia). Classification There are two main groups of Procolophonia, the small, lizard-like Procolophonoidea, and the Pareiasauroidea, which include the large, armoured Pareiasauridae. According to the traditional classification of Carroll 1988 as well as recent phylogenetic analyses, smaller groups like Rhipaeosauridae (now a synonym of Nycteroleteridae) and Sclerosauridae are classified with the pareiasaurs and with the procolophonids, respectively. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procolophonia
The Procolophonia are a suborder of herbivorous reptiles that lived from the Middle Permian till the end of the Triassic period. They were originally included as a suborder of the Cotylosauria (later renamed Captorhinida Carroll 1988) but are now considered a clade of Parareptilia. They are closely related to other generally lizard-like Permian reptiles such as the Millerettidae, Bolosauridae, Acleistorhinidae, and Lanthanosuchidae, all of which are included under the Anapsida or "Parareptiles" (as opposed to the Eureptilia). Classification There are two main groups of Procolophonia, the small, lizard-like Procolophonoidea, and the Pareiasauroidea, which include the large, armoured Pareiasauridae. According to the traditional classification of Carroll 1988 as well as recent phylogenetic analyses, smaller groups like Rhipaeosauridae (now a synonym of Nycteroleteridae) and Sclerosauridae are classified with the pareiasaurs and with the procolophonids, respectively. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barasaurus
''Barasaurus'' is an extinct genus of owenettid procolophonoid parareptile known from the late Late Permian and early Early Triassic of Madagascar. It contains a single species, ''Barasaurus besairiei''. Discovery ''Barasaurus besairiei'', the type species of the ''Barasaurus'', was first described and named by the French paleontologist Jean Piveteau in 1955 on the basis of the holotype MNHN P1, a natural mold of a nearly complete skeleton, missing only the tail and distal limb reposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. The holotype was collected from the Lower Sakamena Formation of the Sakamena Group at the Ranohira locality of Morondava Basin, Fianarantsoa, dating to the Lopingian stage of the late Late Permian period. The generic name honors the Bara people, indigenous to the Ranohira region of Madagascar, and is derived from ''sauros'', meaning "lizard" in Ancient Greek. The specific name, ''besairiei'', honors Henri Michel-Edouard Besairie, a French ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procolophonidae
Procolophonidae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like parareptiles known from the Late Permian to Late Triassic that were distributed across Pangaea, having been reported from Europe, North America, China, South Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia. The most primitive procolophonids were likely insectiovous or omnivorous, more derived members of the clade developed bicusped molars, and were likely herbivorous feeding on high fiber vegetation or durophagous omnivores. Many members of the group are noted for spines projecting from the quadratojugal bone of the skull, which likely served a defensive purpose as well as possibly also for display. At least some taxa were likely fossorial burrowers. While diverse during the Early and Middle Triassic, they had very low diversity during the Late Triassic, and were extinct by the beginning of the Jurassic. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parareptile
Parareptilia ("at the side of reptiles") is a subclass or clade of basal sauropsids (reptiles), typically considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group that likely contains all living reptiles and birds). Parareptiles first arose near the end of the Carboniferous period and achieved their highest diversity during the Permian period. Several ecological innovations were first accomplished by parareptiles among reptiles. These include the first reptiles to return to marine ecosystems (mesosaurs), the first bipedal reptiles ( bolosaurids such as ''Eudibamus''), the first reptiles with advanced hearing systems ( nycteroleterids and others), and the first large herbivorous reptiles (the pareiasaurs). The only parareptiles to survive into the Triassic period were the procolophonoids, a group of small generalists, omnivores, and herbivores. The largest family of procolophonoids, the procolophonids, rediversified in the Triassic, but subsequently declined and became extinct by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Owenetta
''Owenetta'' is an extinct genus of owenettid procolophonian parareptile. Fossils have been found from the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Although most procolophonians lived during the Triassic, ''Owenetta'' existed during the Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian stages of the Late Permian as well as the early Induan stage of the Early Triassic. It is the type genus of the family Owenettidae, and can be distinguished from other related taxa in that the posterior portion of the supratemporal bears a lateral notch and that the pineal foramen is surrounded by a depressed parietal surface on the skull table. Species The type species of ''Owenetta'' is ''O. rubidgei''. It is known from several skulls, but no postcranial skeleton. It was described in 1939 from a partial skull found from the Late Permian Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group. Several other localities, all from the overlying Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, have yielded the remainder of the known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saurodektes
''Saurodektes'' is an extinct genus of owenettid procolophonoid parareptile known from the earliest Triassic deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It was first named by Sean P. Modesto, Ross J. Damiani, Johann Neveling and Adam M. Yates in 2003 and the type species is ''Saurodectes rogersorum''. The generic name ''Saurodectes'' was preoccupied by the generic name of '' Saurodectes vrsanskyi'' Rasnitsyn & Zherikhin, 2000, a fossil chewing lice known from the Early Cretaceous of Russia. Thus, an alternative generic name, ''Saurodektes'', was proposed by Modesto ''et al.'' in 2004. The generic name means "lizard", ''sauros'', and "biter", ''dektes'' from Greek. The specific name, ''rogersorum'', honors Richard and Jenny Rogers, owners of the farm Barendskraal, for their hospitality, support and interest in the work of the paleontologists who recovered the holotype. ''Saurodektes'' is known solely from the holotype BP/1/6025, a partial skull and some fragmentary partial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sclerosaurus
''Sclerosaurus'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid parareptile known from the Early to Middle Triassic of Germany and Switzerland. It contains a single species, ''Sclerosaurus armatus''. It was fairly small about 30 cm long, distinguished from other known parareptiles by the possession of long, backwardly projecting spikes, rear lower jaw teeth with slightly imbricating crowns, and a narrow band of back armor comprising two or three rows of sculptured osteoderms on either side of the midline. Traditional classifications, e.g. Carroll (1988) placed ''Sclerosaurus'' with the procolophonids, however some phylogenetic studies have found it to be a close relative of the pareiasaurs, and together with that group it forms the clade Pareiasauroidea.Jalil, N. E., & Janvier, P. (2005). Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc. Geodiversitas, 27(1), 35-132. More recent phylogenetic analyses place ''Sclerosaurus'' within Procolop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candelaria (reptile)
''Candelaria'' is an extinct genus of owenettid parareptile. It was the first procolophonomorph discovered in the Santa Maria Formation at the geopark of Paleorrota, in the town of Candelária, by Llewellyn Ivor Price in 1942 and described in 1947.Cisneros et al., 2004, p.1541 The skull and mandible has been measured at in height.Cisneros et al., 2004, p.1542 It was about long and lived during the Ladinian in the Middle Triassic, from about 242 to 235 million years ago.''Candelaria'' at Fossilworks
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Ruhuhuaria
''Ruhuhuaria'' is an extinct genus of owenettid procolophonoid reptile known from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of southwestern Tanzania. ''Ruhuhuaria'' is known solely from the holotype CAMZM T997, poorly preserved but complete skull and mandible recently re-discovered in the collections of the Cambridge Museum of Zoology. It was collected by the English paleontologist Francis Rex Parrington in the early 1930s from the Lifua Member of Manda Beds of the Ruhuhu Basin in Songea Urban District of southwestern Tanzania, which dates back to the late Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic. ''Ruhuhuaria'' was first described and named by Linda Akiko Tsuji, Gabriela Sobral and Johannes Müller in 2013 and the type species is ''Ruhuhuaria reiszi''. The generic name is derived from the name of the Ruhuhu Basin. The specific name, ''reiszi'', honors the Canadian paleontologist Robert R. Reisz. Due to the poor preservation of the holotype, the phylogenetic position of ''Ruhuhuaria'' w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coletta (genus)
''Coletta'' is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from Early Triassic (Induan stage) deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It is known from the holotype GHG 228, a skull with fragmentary lower jaws. It was collected on the farm Brakfontein 333 in the Cradock District. It was found in the Katberg Formation of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Basin) and referred to the ''Lystrosaurus'' Assemblage Zone. It was first named by Christopher E. Gow in 2000 and the type species is ''Coletta seca''. ''Coletta'' was one of the most basal procolophonids, showing similarities to owenettids such as ''Owenetta''. The generic name ''Coletta'' references both ''Procolophon'' and ''Owenetta'', signifying its transitional nature. The specific name ''C. seca'' refers to seca, a Latin word referring to any stabbing weaponry. This is based on large, fang-like teeth on its vomer The vomer (; lat, vomer, lit=ploughshare) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Owenettidae
Owenettidae is an extinct family of procolophonian parareptiles. Fossils have been found primarily from Africa and Madagascar, with one genus present from South America. It is the sister taxon to the family Procolophonidae. The family was constructed in 1939 for the type genus ''Owenetta''. Since then several other genera have been assigned to Owenettidae, including '' Barasaurus'' and '' Saurodektes''. The oldest known owenettid, ''Owenetta rubidgei'', dates back to the Wuchiapingian stage of the Late Permian. It and ''Saurodektes'', have been found from the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa, while '' Barasaurus'' is known from the Late Permian and the Early Triassic of Sakamena Group in Madagascar. These strata span the Permo-Triassic boundary and provide evidence for the great faunal change that occurred as a result of the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Although most owenettids lived during the Permian, remains of some taxa such as ''"Owenetta" kitchingoru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
