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Process Model
The term process model is used in various contexts. For example, in business process modeling the enterprise process model is often referred to as the ''business process model''. Overview Process models are processes of the same nature that are classified together into a model. Thus, a process model is a description of a process at the type level. Since the process model is at the type level, a process is an instantiation of it. The same process model is used repeatedly for the development of many applications and thus, has many instantiations. One possible use of a process model is to prescribe how things must/should/could be done in contrast to the process itself which is really what happens. A process model is roughly an anticipation of what the process will look like. What the process shall be will be determined during actual system development.Colette Rolland and Pernici, C. Thanos (1998). ''A Comprehensive View of Process Engineering. Proceedings of the 10th International ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Process Modeling
Business process modeling (BPM) in business process management and systems engineering is the activity of process modeling, representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current business processes may be analyzed, improved, and automated. BPM is typically performed by business analysts, who provide expertise in the modeling discipline; by subject matter experts, who have specialized knowledge of the processes being modeled; or more commonly by a team comprising both. Alternatively, the process model can be derived directly from events' logs using process mining tools. The business objective is often to increase process speed or reduce cycle time; to increase quality; or to reduce costs, such as labor, materials, scrap, or capital costs. In practice, a management decision to invest in business process modeling is often motivated by the need to document requirements for an information technology project. Change management programs are typically involved to put any improved b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Process Management
Business process management (BPM) is the discipline in which people use various methods to discover, model, analyze, measure, improve, optimize, and automate business processes. Any combination of methods used to manage a company's business processes is BPM. Processes can be structured and repeatable or unstructured and variable. Though not required, enabling technologies are often used with BPM. It can be differentiated from program management in that program management is concerned with managing a group of inter-dependent projects. From another viewpoint, process management includes program management. In project management, process management is the use of a repeatable process to improve the outcome of the project. Key distinctions between process management and project management are repeatability and predictability. If the structure and sequence of work is unique, then it is a project. In business process management, a sequence of work can vary from instance to instance: t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Process Specification Language
The Process Specification Language (PSL) is a set of logic terms used to describe processes. The logic terms are specified in an ontology that provides a formal description of the components and their relationships that make up a process. The ontology was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST), and has been approved as an international standard in the document ISO 18629. The Process Specification Language can be used for the representation of manufacturing, engineering and business processes, including production scheduling, process planning, workflow management, business process reengineering, simulation, process realization, process modelling, and project management. In the manufacturing domain, PSL's objective is to serve as a common representation for integrating several process-related applications throughout the manufacturing process life cycle. Ontology The foundation of the ontology of PSL is a set of primitive concepts (''object, acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Process Ontology
In philosophy, a process ontology refers to a universal model of the structure of the world as an ordered wholeness. Such ontologies are fundamental ontologies, in contrast to the so-called applied ontologies. Fundamental ontologies do not claim to be accessible to any empirical proof in itself, but to be a structural design pattern, out of which empirical phenomena can be explained and put together consistently. Throughout Western history, the dominating fundamental ontology is the so-called substance theory. However, fundamental process ontologies are becoming more important in recent times, because the progress in the discovery of the foundations of physics spurred the development of a basic concept able to integrate such boundary notions as "energy," "object", and those of the physical dimensions of space and time. In computer science, a process ontology is a description of the components and their relationships that make up a process. A formal process ontology is an onto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Process Flow Diagram
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between ''major'' equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly used term for a PFD is ''flowsheet''. Typical content of a process flow diagram Typically, process flow diagrams of a single unit process will include the following: * Process piping * Major equipment items *Connections with other systems * Major bypass and recirculation (recycle) streams * Operational data (temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, density, etc.), often by stream references to a mass balance. * Process stream names Process flow diagrams generally do not include: * Pipe classes or piping line numbers * Instrumentation details * Minor bypass lines * Instrumentation * Controllers like Level Control or Flow Control * Isolation and shutoff valves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Process Calculus
In computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches for formally modelling concurrent systems. Process calculi provide a tool for the high-level description of interactions, communications, and synchronizations between a collection of independent agents or processes. They also provide algebraic laws that allow process descriptions to be manipulated and analyzed, and permit formal reasoning about equivalences between processes (e.g., using bisimulation). Leading examples of process calculi include CSP, CCS, ACP, and LOTOS. More recent additions to the family include the π-calculus, the ambient calculus, PEPA, the fusion calculus and the join-calculus. Essential features While the variety of existing process calculi is very large (including variants that incorporate stochastic behaviour, timing information, and specializations for studying molecular interactions), there are several features that all process calculi have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Process Architecture
Process architecture is the structural design of general process systems. It applies to fields such as computers (software, hardware, networks, etc.), business processes ( enterprise architecture, policy and procedures, logistics, project management, etc.), and any other process system of varying degrees of complexity.Dawis, E. P., J. F. Dawis, Wei-Pin Koo (2001). Architecture of Computer-based Systems using Dualistic Petri Nets. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2001 IEEE International Conference on Volume 3, 2001 Page(s):1554 - 1558 vol.3 Processes are defined as having inputs, outputs and the energy required to transform inputs to outputs. Use of energy during transformation also implies a passage of time: a process takes real time to perform its associated action. A process also requires space for input/output objects and transforming objects to exist: a process uses real space. A process system is a specialized system of processes. Processes are composed of processes. Comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Process (science)
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article history of scientific method for additional detail.) It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; the testability of hypotheses, experimental and the measurement-based statistical testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. These are ''principles'' of the scientific method, as distinguished from a definitive series of steps applicable to all scientific enterprises. Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, the underlying process is frequently the same f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model Selection
Model selection is the task of selecting a statistical model from a set of candidate models, given data. In the simplest cases, a pre-existing set of data is considered. However, the task can also involve the design of experiments such that the data collected is well-suited to the problem of model selection. Given candidate models of similar predictive or explanatory power, the simplest model is most likely to be the best choice (Occam's razor). state, "The majority of the problems in statistical inference can be considered to be problems related to statistical modeling". Relatedly, has said, "How hetranslation from subject-matter problem to statistical model is done is often the most critical part of an analysis". Model selection may also refer to the problem of selecting a few representative models from a large set of computational models for the purpose of decision making or optimization under uncertainty. Introduction In its most basic forms, model selection is one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Krogstie
John Krogstie (born 23 May 1967) is a Norwegian computer scientist, professor in information systems at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, Norway, and an expert in the field of enterprise modelling. Biography John Krogstie received a MSc in 1991 and a PhD in 1995 both in information systems from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. From 1991 to 2000 he was employed as a manager in Accenture. In 2000-2005 he was a senior researcher in SINTEF. He is a professor in information systems at NTNU in Trondheim, Norway. John Krogstie is the Norwegian representative for IFIP TC8 and was Chair (2010–2015) of IFIP WG 8.1 on information systems design and evaluation. Work Krogstie's research interests include information systems, conceptual modeling, mobile information systems, eGovernment and enterprise modelling. The SEQUAL framework The SEQUAL framework is a reference model for evaluating the quality of models, the semiotic qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Method Engineering
Method engineering in the "field of information systems is the discipline to construct new methods from existing methods".F. Harmsen & M. Saeki (1996). "Comparison of four method engineering languages". In: Sjaak Brinkkemper et al. (eds.) ''Proceedings of the IFIP TC8, WG8.1/8.2 working conference on method engineering on Method engineering : principles of method construction and tool support: principles of method construction and tool support''. January 1996, Atlanta, Georgia, United States. p.209-231 It focuses on "the design, construction and evaluation of methods, techniques and support tools for information systems development". Furthermore, method engineering "wants to improve the usefulness of systems development methods by creating an adaptation framework whereby methods are created to match specific organisational situations".Colette Rolland (2008''Method Engineering: Towards Methods as Services'' Keynote speech ICSE0. 2008. Types Computer aided method engineeri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
