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Precomposed Characters
A precomposed character (alternatively composite character or decomposable character) is a Unicode entity that can also be defined as a sequence of one or more other characters. A precomposed character may typically represent a letter with a diacritical mark, such as ''é'' (Latin small letter ''e'' with acute accent). Technically, ''é'' (U+00E9) is a character that can be decomposed into an equivalent string of the base letter ''e'' (U+0065) and combining acute accent (U+0301). Similarly, ligatures are precompositions of their constituent letters or graphemes. Precomposed characters are the legacy solution for representing many special letters in various character sets. In Unicode, they are included primarily to aid computer systems with incomplete Unicode support, where equivalent decomposed characters may render incorrectly. Comparing precomposed and decomposed characters In the following example, there is a common Swedish surname Åström written in the two alternative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unicode
Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Character (computing), characters and 168 script (Unicode), scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic, and technical contexts. Unicode has largely supplanted the previous environment of a myriad of incompatible character sets used within different locales and on different computer architectures. The entire repertoire of these sets, plus many additional characters, were merged into the single Unicode set. Unicode is used to encode the vast majority of text on the Internet, including most web pages, and relevant Unicode support has become a common consideration in contemporary software development. Unicode is ultimately capable of encoding more than 1.1 million characters. The Unicode character repertoire is synchronized with Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Characters
Chinese characters are logographs used Written Chinese, to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars, they represent the only one that has remained in continuous use. Over a documented history spanning more than three millennia, the function, style, and means of writing characters have changed greatly. Unlike letters in alphabets that reflect the sounds of speech, Chinese characters generally represent morphemes, the units of meaning in a language. Writing all of the frequently used vocabulary in a language requires roughly 2000–3000 characters; , nearly have been identified and included in ''The Unicode Standard''. Characters are created according to several principles, where aspects of shape and pronunciation may be used to indicate the character's meaning. The first attested characters are oracle bone inscriptions made during the 13th century&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Presentation Forms-B
Arabic Presentation Forms-B is a Unicode block encoding spacing forms of Arabic diacritics, and contextual letter forms. The special codepoint ZWNBSP (''zero width no-break space'') is also here, which is only meant for a byte order mark (that may precede text, Arabic or not, or be absent) The byte-order mark is very useful in detecting endianness in UTF-16 UTF-16 (16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding that supports all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode. The encoding is variable-length as code points are encoded with one or two ''code units''. UTF-16 arose from an earli ..., because when it is at the start of UTF-16 data and the interpreter reads the first character as the noncharacter U+FFFE, the file is clearly interpreted with the wrong endianness. The block name in Unicode 1.0 was Basic Glyphs for Arabic Language; its characters were re-ordered in the process of merging with ISO 10646 in Unicode 1.0.1 and 1.1. The presentation forms are present ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Presentation Forms-A
Arabic Presentation Forms-A is a Unicode block encoding contextual forms and ligatures of letter variants needed for Persian, Urdu, Sindhi and Central Asian languages. This block also allocates 32 noncharacters in Unicode, designed specifically for internal use. The presentation forms are present only for compatibility with older standards such as codepage 864 Code page 864 (CCSID 864) (also known as CP 864, IBM 00864) is a code page used to write Arabic language, Arabic in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. CCSID 17248 is the euro currency update of code page/CCSID 864. The euro sign was a ... used in DOS, and are typically used in visual and not logical order. It has been agreed no further presentation forms will be encoded; though the block still sees further encodings including a contiguous range of 32 noncharacters. Block History The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Arabic Presentatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabetic Presentation Forms
Alphabetic Presentation Forms is a Unicode block containing standard ligatures for the Latin, Armenian, and Hebrew scripts. Block History The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Alphabetic Presentation Forms block: See also *Armenian (Unicode block) * Latin alphabet in Unicode * Hebrew alphabet in Unicode *Precomposed character A precomposed character (alternatively composite character or decomposable character) is a Unicode entity that can also be defined as a sequence of one or more other characters. A precomposed character may typically represent a letter with a diac ... * Arabic Presentation Forms-A * Arabic Presentation Forms-B References {{reflist Unicode blocks Latin script ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unicode Compatibility Characters
In Unicode and the Universal Character Set, UCS, a compatibility character is a character that is encoded solely to maintain Round-trip format conversion, round-trip convertibility with other, often older, standards. As the Unicode Glossary says: A character that would not have been encoded except for compatibility and round-trip convertibility with other standards Although ''compatibility'' is used in names, it is not marked as a property. However, the definition is more complicated than the glossary reveals. One of the properties given to characters by the Unicode consortium is the characters' decomposition or compatibility decomposition. Over five thousand characters do have a compatibility decomposition mapping that compatibility character to one or more other UCS characters. By setting a character's decomposition property, Unicode establishes that character as a compatibility character. The reasons for these compatibility designations are varied and are discussed in furthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex Text Layout
Complex text layout (CTL) or complex text rendering is the typesetting of writing systems in which the shape or positioning of a grapheme depends on its relation to other graphemes. The term is used in the field of software internationalization, where each grapheme is a character. Scripts which require CTL for proper display may be known as complex scripts. Examples include the Arabic alphabet and scripts of the Brahmic family, such as Devanagari, Khmer script or the Thai alphabet. Many scripts do not require CTL. For instance, the Latin alphabet or Chinese characters can be typeset by simply displaying each character one after another in straight rows or columns. However, even these scripts have alternate forms or optional features (such as cursive writing) which require CTL to produce on computers. Characteristics requiring CTL The main characteristics of CTL complexity are: * Bi-directional text, where characters may be written from either right-to-left or left-to-right di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combining Character
In digital typography, combining characters are Character (computing), characters that are intended to modify other characters. The most common combining characters in the Latin script are the combining diacritic, diacritical marks (including combining accents). Unicode also contains many precomposed characters, so that in many cases it is possible to use both combining diacritics and precomposed characters, at the user's or application's choice. This leads to a requirement to perform Unicode normalization before comparing two Unicode strings and to carefully design encoding converters to correctly map all of the valid ways to represent a character in Unicode to a legacy encoding to avoid data loss. In Unicode, the main block of combining diacritics for European languages and the International Phonetic Alphabet is U+0300–U+036F. Combining diacritical marks are also present in many other blocks of Unicode characters. In Unicode, diacritics are always added after the main char ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compose Key
A compose key (sometimes called multi key) is a key on a computer keyboard that indicates that the following (usually 2 or more) keystrokes trigger the insertion of an alternate character, typically a precomposed character or a symbol. For instance, typing followed by and then will insert ñ. Compose keys are most popular on Linux and other systems using the X Window System, but software exists to implement them on Microsoft Windows, Windows and macOS. History The Compose Character key was introduced by engineers at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) on the LK201 keyboard, available since 1983 with the VT220 terminal. The keyboard included an LED indicating that a Compose sequence is on-going. While the LK201 introduced the group of command keys between the alphanumerical block and the numerical keypad, and the "inverted T" arrangement of arrow keys, which have become standard, the compose key by contrast did not become a standard. In 1987, Sun Microsystems released the Sun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dead Key
A dead key is a special kind of modifier key on a mechanical typewriter, or computer keyboard, that is typically used to attach a specific diacritic to a base letter (alphabet), letter. The dead key does not generate a (complete) grapheme, character by itself, but modifies the character generated by the key struck immediately after. Thus, a dedicated key is not needed for each possible combination of a diacritic and a letter, but rather only one dead key for each diacritic is needed, in addition to the normal base letter keys. For example, if a keyboard mapping (such as US international) has a dead key for the circumflex, , the character can be generated by first pressing and then . Usually, the diacritic itself can be generated as a free-standing character by pressing the dead key followed by ''space''; so a caret (free-standing circumflex) can be typed by pressing and then . Mechanical typewriters The dead key is mechanical in origin, and "dead" means without movement. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Precomposed Latin Characters In Unicode
This is a list of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode. Unicode typefaces may be needed for these to display correctly. Letters with diacritics Digraphs and ligatures * DZ, Dz, dz * DŽ, Dž, dž * ff * ffi * ffl * fi * fl * IJ, ij * LJ, Lj, lj * NJ, Nj, nj * st * ſt Other characters A collection of precomposed Latin characters (mostly abbreviations of units of measurement) is also included in the CJK Compatibility and Enclosed CJK Letters and Months sections of Unicode, as are a set of precomposed Roman numerals; these characters are intended for use in East Asian languages and are not meant to be mixed with Latin languages. Several enclosed alphanumerics are also featured in Unicode. Some characters in the Letterlike Symbols block can be substituted with characters in the ASCII range. See also *Latin script The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Character Description Languages
Several systems have been proposed for describing the internal structure of Chinese characters, including their strokes, components, and the stroke order, and the location of each in the character's ideal square. This information is useful for identifying variants of characters that are unified into one code point by Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646, as well as to provide an alternative form of representation for rare characters that do not yet have a standardized encoding in Unicode. Many aim to work for regular script, as well as to provide the character's internal structure which can be used for easier look-up of a character by indexing the character's internal make-up and cross-referencing among similar characters. CDL Character Description Language (CDL) is an XML-based declarative language co-created by Tom Bishop and Richard Cook for the Wenlin Institute. It defines characters by the arrangement of components, which are not required to reflect the semantic or etymological history ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
