|
Pic (troff)
In computing, Pic is a domain-specific programming language by Brian Kernighan for specifying line diagrams. The language contains predefined basic linear objects: line, move, arrow, and spline, the planar objects box, circle, ellipse, arc, and definable composite elements. Objects are placed with respect to other objects or absolute coordinates. A liberal interpretation of the input invokes default parameters when objects are incompletely specified. An interpreter translates this description into concrete drawing commands in a variety of possible output formats. Pic is a procedural programming language, with variable assignment, macros, conditionals, and looping. The language is an example of a '' little language'' originally intended for the comfort of non-programmers in the Unix environment (Bentley 1988). History Pic was implemented using Yacc compiler-compiler. Implementations Pic was first implemented as a preprocessor in the troff document processing system but is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Kernighan
Brian Wilson Kernighan (; born January 30, 1942) is a Canadian computer scientist. He worked at Bell Labs and contributed to the development of Unix alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan's name became widely known through co-authorship of the first book on the C programming language ('' The C Programming Language'') with Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan affirmed that he had no part in the design of the C language ("it's entirely Dennis Ritchie's work"). Kernighan authored many Unix programs, including ditroff. He is coauthor of the AWK and AMPL programming languages. The "K" of K&R C and of AWK both stand for "Kernighan". In collaboration with Shen Lin he devised well-known heuristics for two NP-complete optimization problems: graph partitioning and the travelling salesman problem. In a display of authorial equity, the former is usually called the Kernighan–Lin algorithm, while the latter is known as the Lin–Kernighan heuristic. Kernighan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preprocessor
In computer science, a preprocessor (or precompiler) is a Computer program, program that processes its input data to produce output that is used as input in another program. The output is said to be a preprocessed form of the input data, which is often used by some subsequent programs like compilers. The amount and kind of processing done depends on the nature of the preprocessor; some preprocessors are only capable of performing relatively simple textual substitutions and Macro (computer science), macro expansions, while others have the power of full-fledged programming languages. A common example from computer programming is the processing performed on source code before the next step of compilation. In some computer languages (e.g., C (programming language), C and PL/I (programming language), PL/I) there is a phase of compiler, translation known as ''preprocessing''. It can also include macro processing, file inclusion and language extensions. Lexical preprocessors Lexical pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eqn (software)
Part of the troff suite of Unix document layout tools, eqn is a preprocessor that formats equations for printing. A similar program, neqn, accepted the same input as eqn, but produced output tuned to look better in nroff. The eqn program was created in 1974 by Brian Kernighan and Lorinda Cherry. It was implemented using yacc compiler-compiler. The input language used by eqn allows the user to write mathematical expressions in much the same way as they would be spoken aloud. The language is defined by a context-free grammar, together with operator precedence and operator associativity rules. The eqn language is similar to the mathematical component of TeX Tex, TeX, TEX, may refer to: People and fictional characters * Tex (nickname), a list of people and fictional characters with the nickname * Tex Earnhardt (1930–2020), U.S. businessman * Joe Tex (1933–1982), stage name of American soul singer ..., which appeared several years later, but is simpler and less comple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOT Language
DOT is a Graph (discrete mathematics), graph description language, developed as a part of the Graphviz project. DOT graphs are typically stored as Computer file, files with the .gv or .dot filename extension — .gv is preferred, to avoid confusion with the .dot extension used by versions of Microsoft Word before 2007. dot is also the name of the main program to process DOT files in the Graphviz package. Various programs can process DOT files. Some, such as ''dot'', ''neato'', ''twopi'', ''circo'', ''fdp'', and ''sfdp'', can read a DOT file and render it in graphical form. Others, such as ''gvpr'', ''gc'', ''acyclic'', ''ccomps'', ''sccmap'', and ''tred'', read DOT files and perform calculations on the represented graph. Finally, others, such as ''lefty'', ''dotty'', and ''grappa'', provide an interactive interface. The GVedit tool combines a text editor and a non-interactive viewer. Most programs are part of the Graphviz package or use it internally. DOT is historically an acron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MetaPost
MetaPost refers to both a programming language and the interpreter of the MetaPost programming language. Both are derived from Donald Knuth's Metafont language and interpreter. MetaPost produces vector graphic diagrams from a geometric/algebraic description. The language shares Metafont's declarative syntax for manipulating lines, curves, points and geometric transformations. However, * Metafont is set up to produce fonts, in the form of image files (in .gf format) with associated font metric files (in .tfm format), whereas MetaPost produces EPS, SVG, or PNG files * The output of Metafont consists of the fonts at a fixed resolution in a raster-based format, whereas MetaPost's output is vector-based graphics (lines, Bézier curves) * Metafont output is monochrome, whereas MetaPost uses RGB or CMYK colors. * The MetaPost language can include text labels on the diagrams, either strings from a specified font, or anything else that can be typeset with TeX. * Starting with version ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SQLite
SQLite ( "S-Q-L-ite", "sequel-ite") is a free and open-source relational database engine written in the C programming language. It is not a standalone app; rather, it is a library that software developers embed in their apps. As such, it belongs to the family of embedded databases. It is the most widely deployed database engine, as it is used by several of the top web browsers, operating systems, mobile phones, and other embedded systems. Many programming languages have bindings to the SQLite library. It generally follows PostgreSQL syntax, but does not enforce type checking by default. This means that one can, for example, insert a string into a column defined as an integer. Although it is a lightweight embedded database, SQLite implements most of the SQL standard and the relational model, including transactions and ACID guarantees. However, it omits many features implemented by other databases, such as materialized views and complete support for triggers and AL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil (software)
Fossil is a software configuration management, bug tracking system and wiki software server for use in software development created by D. Richard Hipp. Features Fossil is a cross-platform Distributed Version Control System, distributed version control system that runs on Linux, Berkeley Software Distribution, BSD derivatives, Mac OS X, Mac and Microsoft Windows, Windows. It is capable of performing distributed version control, bug tracking, wiki services, and documentation. The software has a built-in web interface, which reduces project tracking complexity and promotes situational awareness. A user may simply type "fossil ui" from within any check-out and Fossil automatically opens the user's web browser to display a page giving detailed history and status information on that project. The fossil executable may be run as a standalone HTTP server, as a Common Gateway Interface, CGI application, accessed via Secure Shell, SSH, or run interactively from the Command-line interface ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Markdown
Markdown is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber created Markdown in 2004 as an easy-to-read markup language. Markdown is widely used for blogging and instant messaging, and also used elsewhere in online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files. The initial description of Markdown contained ambiguities and raised unanswered questions, causing implementations to both intentionally and accidentally diverge from the original version. This was addressed in 2014 when long-standing Markdown contributors released CommonMark, an unambiguous specification and test suite for Markdown. History Markdown was inspired by pre-existing conventions for marking up plain text in email and usenet posts, such as the earlier markup languages setext (), Textile (c. 2002), and reStructuredText (c. 2002). In 2002 Aaron Swartz created atx and referred to it as "the true structured text format". G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linux
Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and library (computing), libraries—most of which are provided by third parties—to create a complete operating system, designed as a clone of Unix and released under the copyleft GPL license. List of Linux distributions, Thousands of Linux distributions exist, many based directly or indirectly on other distributions; popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu, while commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise, and ChromeOS. Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastian Rahtz
Sebastian Patrick Quintus Rahtz (13 February 1955 – 15 March 2016) (SPQR) was a British digital humanities information professional. Education and early life Born in 1955 to archaeologist Philip Rahtz, Sebastian also trained in archaeology, and was awarded a PhD in 1974 from University College London. Career Rahtz developed an interest in computing came from working on the ''Lexicon of Greek Personal Names'' (''LGPN'') in 1982. Rahtz was a long-term contributor to several communities in the broader digital humanities, including ''LGPN'', TeX, computer methods in archaeology, and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). Sebastian's legacy also includes the vital contributions which he made to building and maintaining much of the TEI's technical Infrastructure and related software such as their XSLT stylesheets and web-based document conversion engine OxGarage, CLAROS, the Oxford Text Archive, Text Creation Partnership and OSS Watch. From 1999 to 2015 he worked at Oxford U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DVI Specials
The device independent file format (DVI) is the output file format of the TeX typesetting program, designed by David R. Fuchs in 1979. Unlike the TeX markup files used to generate them, DVI files are not intended to be human-readable; they consist of binary data describing the visual layout of a document in a manner not reliant on any specific image format, display hardware or printer. DVI files are typically used as input to a second program (called a DVI ''driver'') which translates DVI files to graphical data. For example, most TeX software packages include a program for previewing DVI files on a user's computer display; this program is a driver. Drivers are also used to convert from DVI to popular page description languages (e.g. PostScript, PDF) and for printing. TeX markup may be at least partially reverse-engineered from DVI files, although this process is unlikely to produce high-level constructs identical to those present in the original markup, especially if the origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groff (software)
groff ( ) (also called GNU troff) is a typesetting system that creates formatted output when given plain text mixed with formatting commands. It is the GNU replacement for the troff and nroff text formatters, which were both developed from the original roff. Groff contains a large number of helper programs, preprocessors, and postprocessors including eqn, tbl, pic and soelim. There are also several macro packages included that duplicate, expand on the capabilities of, or outright replace the standard troff macro packages. Groff development of new features is active, and is an important part of free, open source, and UNIX derived operating systems such as Linux and 4.4 BSD derivatives — notably because troff macros are used to create man pages, the standard form of documentation on Unix and Unix-like systems. OpenBSD has replaced groff with mandoc in the base install, since their 4.9 release, as has macOS Ventura. History groff is an original implementation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
