|
Peach Mosaic Virus
''Trichovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Tymovirales'', in the family ''Betaflexiviridae''. Plants, specifically angiosperms such as pome fruits, citrus, and pear, serve as natural hosts for this plant pathogen. There are seven species in this genus. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus: *''Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus'' *''Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus'' *''Cherry mottle leaf virus'' *''Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus'' *''Grapevine Pinot gris virus'' *''Peach mosaic virus'' *''Phlomis mottle virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Trichovirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-12 nm, with a length of 640-760 nm. Genomes are linear, around 7.5-8.0kb in length. The genome codes for 3 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i.e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus
''Grapevine Pinot gris virus'' (GPGV) is a positive sense single-stranded RNA virus in the genus ''Trichovirus''. It affects the growth of grapevine plants' leaves and fruit, and is similar to grapevine berry inner-necrosis virus. History Vineyards in northwest Italy began noticing symptoms of GPGV in 2003. The first two vineyards affected were Piana Rotaliana and Collio in Trentino Alto Adige. From there the virus spread to vineyards throughout Trentino Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia, then Emilia Romagna and Veneto. The virus was first identified on Pinot gris grapevines, hence the name, but soon spread to other varieties. In 2011, Annalisa Giampetruzzi et al. published an article in the journal ''Virus Research'' officially identifying and naming the virus.Giampetruzzi, Annalisa, et al. “A New Grapevine Virus Discovered by Deep Sequencing of Virus- and Viroid-Derived Small RNAs in Cv Pinot Gris”. ''Virus Research'', vol. 163, no. 1, 2012, pp. 262–268, doi:10.1016 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helper Virus
A helper virus is a virus that allows an otherwise-deficient coinfecting virus to replicate. These can be naturally occurring as with Hepatitis D virus, which requires Hepatitis B virus to coinfect cells in order to replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread viral vectors for gene expression and gene therapy. See also * Helper dependent virus * Virophage Virophages are small, double-stranded DNA viral phages that require the Coinfection, co-infection of another virus. The co-infecting viruses are typically giant viruses. Virophages rely on the viral replication factory of the co-infecting giant ... References Virology {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eriophyidae
Eriophyidae is a family of more than 200 genera of mites, which live as plant parasites, commonly causing galls or other damage to the plant tissues and hence known as gall mites. About 3,600 species have been described, but this is probably less than 10% of the actual number existing in this poorly researched family. They are microscopic mites and are yellow to pinkish white to purplish in color. The mites are worm like, and have only two pairs of legs. Their primary method of population spread is by wind. They affect a wide range of plants, and several are major pest species causing substantial economic damage to crops. Some species, however, are used as biological agents to control weeds and invasive plant species. Notable species Notable species in this family include: *''Abacarus hystrix'', the cereal rust mite *'' Abacarus sacchari'', the sugarcane rust mite *'' Acalitus essigi'', the redberry mite, which affects blackberries *''Aceria chondrillae'', the chondrilla gall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encased in lipid bilayers, and they infect their target cells by causing the viral envelope and cell membrane to fuse. Although there are effective vaccines against some of these viruses, there is no preventative or curative medicine for the majority of them. In most cases, the known vaccines operate by inducing antibodies that prevent the pathogen from entering cells. This happens in the case of enveloped viruses when the antibodies bind to the viral envelope proteins. The membrane fusion event that triggers viral entrance is caused by the viral fusion protein. Many enveloped viruses only have one protein visible on the surface of the particle, which is required for both mediating adhesion to the cell surface and for the subsequent membrane fusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlomis Mottle Virus
''Phlomis'' is a genus of over 100 species''Phlomis''. Flora of China. of herbaceous plants, subshrubs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native from the region east across central to China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peach Mosaic Virus
''Trichovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Tymovirales'', in the family ''Betaflexiviridae''. Plants, specifically angiosperms such as pome fruits, citrus, and pear, serve as natural hosts for this plant pathogen. There are seven species in this genus. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus: *''Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus'' *''Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus'' *''Cherry mottle leaf virus'' *''Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus'' *''Grapevine Pinot gris virus'' *''Peach mosaic virus'' *''Phlomis mottle virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Trichovirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-12 nm, with a length of 640-760 nm. Genomes are linear, around 7.5-8.0kb in length. The genome codes for 3 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grapevine Berry Inner Necrosis Virus
''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture. Most cultivated ''Vitis'' varieties are wind-pollinated with hermaphroditic flowers containing both male and female reproductive structures, while wild species are dieceous. These flowers are grouped in bunches called inflorescences. In many species, such as ''Vitis vinifera'', each successfully pollinated flower becomes a grape berry with the inflorescence turning into a cluster of grapes. While the flowers of the grapevines are usually very small, the berries are often large and brightly colored with sweet flavors that attract birds and other animals to disperse the seeds contained within the berrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tymovirales
''Tymovirales'' is an order of viruses with five families. The group consists of viruses which have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes. Their genetic material is protected by a special coat protein. Description Tymoviruses are mainly plant pathogens first described in 2004. They are characterised by similarities in their replication-associated polyproteins. These account for the majority of their genomic coding capacity. They are considered to form a group, phylogenetically, referred to as flexiviruses, with filamentous virions A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 .... References Bibliography * External links ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 UniProt Taxonomy {{Use dmy dates, date=April 2017 Virus orders Riboviria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherry Mottle Leaf Virus
Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV) is a plant pathogenic virus causing leaf rot. It is closely related to the peach mosaic virus. Host and Symptoms Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV) has a wide range of hosts. It infects the genus Prunus including cherry (''Prunus avium'') and peach (''P. persica'') trees. More specifically, CMLV infects both sweet and bitter/wild type (''P. emarginata'') cherry trees.Reeves, E. L. (n.d.). MOTTLE LEAF, A VIRUS DISEASE OF CHERRIES ’. 18. UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Cherry Mottle Leaf on Cherry. (n.d.). Retrieved October 20, 2020, from http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r105102211.html#REFERENCE The most common propagation host is the ''Chenopodium quinoa''James, D., Jelkmann, W., & Upton, C. (1999). Specific Detection of Cherry Mottle Leaf Virus Using Digoxigenin-Labeled cDNA Probes and RT-PCR. Plant Disease, 83(3), 235–239. and the most common infected trees in the field are Bing and Napoleon trees. CMLV can be transmitted by budding and graftin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apricot Pseudo-chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus
An apricot (, ) is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus ''Prunus''. Usually, an apricot is from the species '' P. armeniaca'', but the fruits of the other species in ''Prunus'' sect. ''Armeniaca'' are also called apricots. Etymology ''Apricot'' first appeared in English in the 16th century as ''abrecock'' from the Middle French ''aubercot'' or later ''abricot'', from Spanish '' albaricoque'' and Catalan ''a(l)bercoc'', in turn from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, "the plums"), from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκίᾱ (berikokkíā, "apricot tree"), derived from late Greek ''πραικόκιον'' (''praikókion'', "apricot") from Latin '' ersica ("peach")praecocia'' (''praecoquus'', "early ripening"). Species Apricots are species belonging to ''Prunus'' sect. ''Armeniaca''. The taxonomic position of '' P. brigantina'' is disputed. It is grouped with plum species according to chloroplast DNA sequences, but more closely re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
