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Parol
A parol (, , also written as paról or parul, from Spanish ''farol'', meaning ''lantern'') is a Filipino ornamental lantern displayed during the Christmas season. Parols are traditionally constructed using bamboo and Japanese paper, and are illuminated with candles, oil lamps, or carbide lamps. Modern parols can be made using other materials such as plastic, metal, and capiz shells and are usually illuminated with electric lighting. Its most-common form is a five-pointed star, although it can come in various shapes and sizes. Large disc-shaped electronic versions of parols produced in Pampanga are known as "''parul sampernandu''", the phonetic spelling of parol San Fernando, owing to the city where these lanterns are a major product. The parol is a traditional part of the Panunulúyan pageant in the nine-day Christmas Novena procession during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. It was initially rectangular or oblong in shape and was made with white paper, but even ...
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Parol Lanterns In Consunji Street, San Fernando Pampanga (26 December 1904, Luther Parker Collection, National Library Of The Philippines) 02
A parol (, , also written as paról or parul, from Spanish ''farol'', meaning ''lantern'') is a Filipino ornamental lantern displayed during the Christmas season. Parols are traditionally constructed using bamboo and Japanese paper, and are illuminated with candles, oil lamps, or carbide lamps. Modern parols can be made using other materials such as plastic, metal, and capiz shells and are usually illuminated with electric lighting. Its most-common form is a five-pointed star, although it can come in various shapes and sizes. Large disc-shaped electronic versions of parols produced in Pampanga are known as "''parul sampernandu''", the phonetic spelling of parol San Fernando, owing to the city where these lanterns are a major product. The parol is a traditional part of the Panunulúyan pageant in the nine-day Christmas Novena procession during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. It was initially rectangular or oblong in shape and was made with white paper, but ev ...
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San Fernando, Pampanga
San Fernando, officially the City of San Fernando ( pam, Lakanbalen ning Sampernandu; fil, Lungsod ng San Fernando), is a 1st class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 354,666 people. It is the regional center of Central Luzon and located north of Manila, east of Subic, Zambales, Subic in Zambales, south of Tarlac City in Tarlac, and south of Clark Air Base in Angeles City. The city is named after Ferdinand VI of Spain, King Ferdinand VI of Spain and placed under the patron saint, patronage of Saint Ferdinand III of Castile, Ferdinand III of Castile and León, whose feast is celebrated every May 30. Popularly known as the "Christmas in the Philippines, Christmas Capital of the Philippines", the city holds the annual Giant Lantern Festival every December where large ''parol'' are displayed in competition. CNN has ...
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Novena
A novena (from Latin: ''novem'', "nine") is an ancient tradition of devotional praying in Christianity, consisting of private or public prayers repeated for nine successive days or weeks. The nine days between the Feast of the Ascension and Pentecost, when the disciples gathered in the upper room and devoted themselves to prayer, is often considered to be the first novena. In some Christian communities, such as in Africa, Latin America and the Philippines, novena traditions are popular and include devotional rituals such as congregational prayers, the decoration of statues, hymn singing with music, as well as community fiesta events over beverages, refreshments or processions. Novenas are most often prayed by members of the Roman Catholic Church, but also by Lutherans, Anglicans, and Eastern Orthodox Christians; they have been used in ecumenical Christian settings as well. The prayers are often derived from devotional prayer books, or consist of the recitation of the rosary (a ...
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Panunulúyan
Christmas in the Philippines ( fil, Pasko sa Pilipinas) is one of the biggest holidays in the country. The Philippines, one of the two predominantly Catholic countries in Asia (the other one being East Timor), celebrates the world's longest Christmas season ( fil, Kapaskuhan, link=no). With Christmas music played as early as August, the holiday season gradually begins by September, reaches its peak in December with Christmastide, and concludes within the week after New Year's Day; however, festivities could last until the third Sunday of January, the feast day of the Santo Niño de Cebú. Officially, the holiday season is observed by the Catholic Church from the first day of Advent—the fourth Sunday before Christmas—to Epiphany (Three Kings' Day), which falls between January 2 and 8. Etymology and nomenclature In Filipino and most Philippine languages, the word '' Paskó'' commonly refers to Christmas. It comes from the Spanish phrase "''pascua de navidad''" (); the l ...
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Christmas In The Philippines
Christmas in the Philippines ( fil, Pasko sa Pilipinas) is one of the biggest holidays in the country. The Philippines, one of the two predominantly Catholic countries in Asia (the other one being East Timor), celebrates the world's longest Christmas season ( fil, Kapaskuhan, link=no). With Christmas music played as early as August, the holiday season gradually begins by September, reaches its peak in December with Christmastide, and concludes within the week after New Year's Day; however, festivities could last until the third Sunday of January, the feast day of the Santo Niño de Cebú. Officially, the holiday season is observed by the Catholic Church from the first day of Advent—the fourth Sunday before Christmas—to Epiphany (Three Kings' Day), which falls between January 2 and 8. Etymology and nomenclature In Filipino and most Philippine languages, the word '' Paskó'' commonly refers to Christmas. It comes from the Spanish phrase "''pascua de navidad''" (); the l ...
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Capiz Shell
The windowpane oyster (''Placuna placenta'') is a bivalve marine mollusk in the family of Placunidae. They are edible, but valued more for their shells (and the rather small pearls). The shells have been used for thousands of years as a glass substitute because of their durability and translucence. More recently, they have been used in the manufacture of decorative items such as chandeliers and lampshades; in this use, the shell is known as capiz shell (''kapis'')."Fisheries and aquaculture of window-pane shells"
Malacological Society of London. Retrieved on 2011-10-23.
Capiz shells are also used as raw materials for glue, chalk and varnish. Distribution extends from the shallows of the

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Spanish Language In The Philippines
Spanish was the official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish rule in the late 16th century, until sometime during the Philippine–American War (1899-1902) and remained co-official, along with English, until 1973. It was at first removed in 1973 by a constitutional change, but after a few months it was re-designated an official language by presidential decree. With the present Constitution, Spanish was changed into an auxiliary or "optional and voluntary language". It was the language of the Philippine Revolution and the country's first official language, as proclaimed in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. It was the language of commerce, law, politics and the arts during the colonial period and well into the 20th century. It was the main language of many classical writers and Ilustrados such as José Rizal, Antonio Luna and Marcelo del Pilar. It is regulated by the Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española, the main Span ...
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SunStar
''SunStar'' (also written as ''Sun Star''), stylized as SUNSTAR (formerly SUN•STAR), is an English-language newspaper in the Philippines. The newspaper is based in Cebu City Cebu City, officially the City of Cebu ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Sugbo; fil, Lungsod ng Cebu; hil, Dakbanwa sang Sugbo), is a 1st class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas Regions of the P .... Regional * SunStar Cebu * SunStar Davao * SunStar Manila SunStar DumagueteSunStar BacolodSunStar IloiloSunStar BaguioSunStar Cagayan de OroSunStar PampangaSunStar PangasinanSunStar TaclobanSunStar Zamboanga References External links * National newspapers published in the Philippines English-language newspapers published in the Philippines Companies based in Cebu City Publications established in 1982 {{Philippines-newspaper-stub ...
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KCET
KCET (channel 28) is a secondary PBS member television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is owned by the Public Media Group of Southern California alongside the market's primary PBS member, Huntington Beach–licensed KOCE-TV (channel 50). The two stations share studios at The Pointe (on West Alameda Avenue and Bob Hope Drive, between The Burbank Studios and Walt Disney Studios complexes) in Burbank; KCET's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson in the San Gabriel Mountains (north of Sierra Madre). History Background of educational television in Southern California KCET was the second attempt at establishing an educational station in the Los Angeles area: KTHE, operated by the University of Southern California, had previously broadcast on channel 28, beginning on September 22, 1953. It was the second educational television station in the United States, signing on six months and four days after KUHT in Houston, but ceased broadcasting after only nine month ...
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Star Of Bethlehem
The Star of Bethlehem, or Christmas Star, appears in the nativity story of the Gospel of Matthew chapter 2 where "wise men from the East" (Magi) are inspired by the star to travel to Jerusalem. There, they meet King Herod of Judea, and ask him: Herod calls together his scribes and priests who, quoting a verse from the Book of Micah, interpret it as a prophecy that the Jewish Messiah would be born in Bethlehem to the south of Jerusalem. Secretly intending to find and kill the Messiah in order to preserve his own kingship, Herod invites the wise men to return to him on their way home. The star leads them to Jesus' Bethlehem birthplace, where they worship him and give him gifts. The wise men are then given a divine warning not to return to Herod, so they return home by a different route. Many Christians believe the star was a miraculous sign. Some theologians claimed that the star fulfilled a prophecy, known as the Star Prophecy. Astronomers have made several attempts to link ...
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Brazier
A brazier () is a container used to burn charcoal or other solid fuel for cooking, heating or cultural rituals. It often takes the form of a metal box or bowl with feet. Its elevation helps circulate air, feeding oxygen to the fire. Braziers have been used since ancient times; the Nimrud brazier dates to at least 824 BC. History The word brazier is mentioned in the Bible. The Hebrew word for brazier is believed to be of Egyptian origin, suggesting that it was imported from Egypt. The lone reference to it in the Bible being the following verse: * - the winter palace of King Jehoiakim was heated by a brazier (). Roman Emperor Jovian was poisoned by the fumes from a brazier in his tent in 364, ending the line of Constantine. Uses Heating Despite risks in burning charcoal on open fires, braziers were widely adopted for domestic heating, particularly and somewhat more safely used (namely in unglazed, shuttered-only buildings) in the Spanish-speaking world. Fernando de Alva Cor ...
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