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Parainfluenza
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza. HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the ''Paramyxoviridae'' family. These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease. Virions are approximately 150–250 nm in size and contain negative sense RNA with a genome encompassing about 15,000 nucleotides. The viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR. HPIVs remain the second main cause of hospitalisation in children under 5 years of age for a respiratory illness (only Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes more respiratory hospitalisations for this age group). Classification The first HPIV was discovered in the late 1950s. The taxonomic division is broadly based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, forming four major serotypes or clades, which today are considered distinct viruses. These include: HPIVs belong to two gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Respirovirus 1
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza. HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the ''Paramyxoviridae'' family. These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease. Virions are approximately 150–250 nm in size and contain negative sense RNA with a genome encompassing about 15,000 nucleotides. The viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR. HPIVs remain the second main cause of hospitalisation in children under 5 years of age for a respiratory illness (only Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes more respiratory hospitalisations for this age group). Classification The first HPIV was discovered in the late 1950s. The taxonomic division is broadly based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, forming four major serotypes or clades, which today are considered distinct viruses. These include: HPIVs belong to tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Respirovirus 3
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza. HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the ''Paramyxoviridae'' family. These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease. Virions are approximately 150–250 nm in size and contain negative sense RNA with a genome encompassing about 15,000 nucleotides. The viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR. HPIVs remain the second main cause of hospitalisation in children under 5 years of age for a respiratory illness (only Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes more respiratory hospitalisations for this age group). Classification The first HPIV was discovered in the late 1950s. The taxonomic division is broadly based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, forming four major serotypes or clades, which today are considered distinct viruses. These include: HPIVs belong to tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murine Respirovirus
''Murine respirovirus'', formerly ''Sendai virus'' (SeV) and previously also known as murine parainfluenza virus type 1 or hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), is an enveloped,150-200 nm in diameter, a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family '' Paramyxoviridae''. It typically infects rodents and it is not pathogenic for humans or domestic animals. Sendai virus (SeV) is a member of genus '' Respirovirus''. The virus was isolated in the city of Sendai in Japan in the early 1950s. Since then, it has been actively used in research as a model pathogen. The virus is infectious for many cancer cell lines (see below), has oncolytic properties demonstrated in animal models and in naturally-occurring cancers in animals. SeV's ability to fuse eukaryotic cells and to form syncytium was used to produce hybridoma cells capable of manufacturing monoclonal antibodies in large quantities. Recent applications of SeV-based vectors include the reprogramming of somatic cells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmission Electron Micrograph
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. Transmission electron microscopes are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes, owing to the smaller de Broglie wavelength of electrons. This enables the instrument to capture fine detail—even as small as a single column of atoms, which is thousands of times smaller than a resolvable object seen in a light microscope. Transmission electron microscopy is a major analytical method i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simian Rubulavirus
The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and Catarrhini, the latter of which consists of the superfamilies Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys in the stricter sense) and apes (Hominoidea; including the genus ''Homo''). The simians are sister group to the tarsiers (Tarsiiformes), together forming the haplorhines. The radiation occurred about 60 million years ago (during the Cenozoic era); 40 million years ago, simians colonized South America, giving rise to the New World monkeys. The remaining simians (catarrhines) split about 25 million years ago into Cercopithecidae and apes (including humans). Taxonomy and evolution In earlier classification, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, apes, and humans – collectively known as simians or anthropoids – were grouped under Anthropoidea (; ), wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menangle Rubulavirus
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Menangle may refer to: * Menangle virus * Menangle, New South Wales Menangle is a village in the Macarthur region of New South Wales, Australia. Location Menangle is part of the Wollondilly Shire. At the , Menangle had a population of 875 people. At the , Menangle's population had risen to 1,150. History The t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mumps Rubulavirus
The mumps virus (MuV) is the virus that causes mumps. MuV contains a single-stranded, negative-sense genome made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Its genome is about 15,000 nucleotides in length and contains seven genes that encode nine proteins. The genome is encased by a capsid that is in turn surrounded by a viral envelope. MuV particles, called virions, are pleomorphic in shape and vary in size from 100 to 600 nanometers in diameter. One serotype and twelve genotypes that vary in their geographic distribution are recognized. Humans are the only natural host of the mumps virus. MuV replicates first by binding to the surface of cells, whereby its envelope merges with the host cell membrane to release the capsid inside of the cell. Once inside, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase transcribes messenger RNA (mRNA) from the genome and later replicates the genome. After translation of viral proteins, virions are formed adjacent to the cell membrane, where they then leave the cell by bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcine Rubulavirus
Blue eye disease is caused by La Piedad Michoacán Mexico virus (LPMV), the only member virus of the species ''Porcine orthorubulavirus'' in the ''Paramyxoviridae'' family. Synonyms for the disease include "Blue Eye Syndrome" and "Porcine Paramyxovirus Blue Eye Disease", and "La Piedad Michoacán Paramyxovirus Infection". Blue eye disease is a viral disease that is commonly identified by encephalitis, pneumonia, and respiratory diseases in piglets. It also causes reproductive failure in adult pigs, and rarely identifies with corneal opacity, an eye disorder characterized by scarring of the cornea. Signs and diagnosis Blue eye disease typically begins in piglets that are between 2–21 days old; 90 percent of the pigs that become infected with the disease die. It usually begins with a sudden onset of fever, arched back, or depression. The disease then progresses with neurological symptoms including weakness, ataxia, muscle tremors, abnormal posture, and rigidity of the hind legs. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teviot Rubulavirus
Teviot may refer to: People *Baron Teviot *Earl of Teviot Places Australia * Teviot, Queensland, a town in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland *Teviot Brook, a river in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland *Teviot Falls, Queensland * Teviot Creek Dam, Queensland * Teviot Range, Mountain range in Queensland, Australia New Zealand * Teviot, New Zealand *Teviot River, New Zealand United Kingdom * River Teviot, Scotland, and associated Teviotdale and Teviothead placenames *Teviot Row House Teviot may refer to: People * Baron Teviot * Earl of Teviot Places Australia * Teviot, Queensland, a town in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland * Teviot Brook, a river in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland * Teviot Falls, Queensland * Tevio ..., Edinburgh the world's oldest student union building, run by Edinburgh University Students' Association Other * SS ''Teviot'', a cargo ship in service with the Royal Mail Line from 1946–60 {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sosuga Rubulavirus
''Sosuga pararubulavirus'' is a species of Paramyxovirus which is transmissible to humans. The Egyptian fruit bat is thought to be a natural reservoir species for the virus. History In August 2012, following a six-week field trip to South Sudan and Uganda to collect bats and rodents, an American wildlife biologist became ill with symptoms including fever, malaise, headache, pain, stiffness in the neck, and a sore throat. Upon her return to the US, she was admitted to hospital, where she soon developed a maculopapular rash and oropharyngeal ulceration. Several suspect infections, including Ebola and Marburg Marburg ( or ) is a university town in the German federal state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (''Landkreis''). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximate ..., were ruled out through standard diagnostic testing. Genetic sequencing identified a novel virus. To determine the source, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bat Mumps Rubulavirus
''Bat mumps orthorubulavirus'', formerly ''Bat mumps rubulavirus'' (BMV), is a member of genus '' Orthorubulavirus'', family ''Paramyxoviridae'', and order ''Mononegavirales''. ''Paramyxoviridae'' viruses were first isolated from bats using heminested PCR with degenerate primers. This process was then followed by Sanger sequencing. A specific location of this virus is not known because it was isolated from bats worldwide. Although multiple paramyxoviridae viruses have been isolated worldwide, BMV specifically has not been isolated thus far. However, BMV was detected in African fruit bats, but no infectious form has been isolated to date. It is known that BMV is transmitted through saliva in the respiratory system of bats. While the virus was considered its own species for a few years, phylogenetic analysis has since shown that it is a member of '' Mumps orthorubulavirus''. Classification The ''Paramyxoviridae'' family can be divided in several genera, all negative strand RNA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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