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Pango
Pango (stylized as Παν語) is a text (i.e. glyph) layout engine library which works with the HarfBuzz shaping engine for displaying multi-language text. Full-function rendering of text and cross-platform support is achieved when Pango is used with platform APIs or third-party libraries, such as Uniscribe and FreeType, as text rendering backends. Pango-processed text will appear similar under different operating systems. Pango is a special-purpose library for text and not a general-purpose graphics rendering library such as Cairo, with which Pango can be used. The Cairo documentation recommends Pango be used to "render" text rather than Cairo for all but the simplest text "rendering". History and naming The name pango comes from Greek ''pan'' ( παν, ) and Japanese ''go'' ( 語, ). In January 2000, the merger of the GScript and GnomeText projects was named Pango. Pango version 1.0.0 was released 11 March 2002. Support for OpenType features Pango 1.17 and newer supp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GTK+ Software Architecture
GTK (formerly GIMP ToolKit and GTK+) is a free software cross-platform widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs). It is licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, allowing both Free software, free and proprietary software to use it. It is one of the most popular toolkits for the Wayland (protocol), Wayland and X Window System core protocol, X11 windowing systems. The GTK team releases new versions on a regular basis. GTK 4 and GTK 3 are maintained, while GTK 2 is End-of-life product, end-of-life. GTK1 is independently maintained by the CinePaint project. Software architecture The GTK Library (computing), library contains a set of graphical control elements (Widget (GUI), widgets); version 3.22.16 contains 186 active and 36 deprecated widgets. GTK is an Object-oriented programming, object-oriented widget toolkit written in the programming language C (programming language), C; it uses GObject (that is, the GLib obje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Alphabet
The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Romanian language. It consists of 31 letters, five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language. The letters Q (''chiu''), W (''dublu ve''), and Y (''igrec'' or ''i grec,'' meaning "Greek i") were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their Romanian derivatives, such as ''quasar'', ''watt'', and ''yoga''. The letter ''K'', although relatively older, is also rarely used and appears only in proper names and international neologisms such as ''kilogram'', ''broker'', ''karate''. These four letters are still perceived as foreign, which explains their usage for stylistic purposes in words such as ''nomenklatură'' (normally ''nomenclatură'', meaning "nomenclature", but sometimes spelled with ''k'' instead of ''c'' if referring to member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo (graphics)
Cairo (stylized as cairo) is an Open-source software, open-source graphics library that provides a vector graphics-based, device-independent Application programming interface, API for software developers. It provides primitives for Plane (mathematics), two-dimensional drawing across a number of different front and back ends, backends. Cairo uses hardware acceleration when available. Software architecture Language bindings A library written in one programming language may be used in another language if language binding, bindings are written; Cairo has a range of bindings for various languages including C++, C Sharp (programming language), C# and other Common Language Infrastructure, CLI languages, Delphi (programming language), Delphi, Eiffel (programming language), Eiffel, Fortran, Factor (programming language), Factor, Harbour (programming language), Harbour, Haskell (programming language), Haskell, Julia (programming language), Julia, Lua (programming language), Lua, Perl, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uniscribe
Uniscribe is the Microsoft Windows set of services for rendering Unicode-encoded text, supporting complex text layout. It is implemented in the dynamic link library . Uniscribe was released with Windows 2000 and Internet Explorer 5.0. In addition, the Windows CE platform has supported Uniscribe since version 5.0. "USP" is an initialism for Unicode Scripts Processor. Its features include: * arranging input text from the input sequence to visual sequence; * substituting glyphs according to context (e.g., different forms of Arabic characters); * ordering displayed text based on text flow direction, such as left-to-right or right-to left, horizontal or vertical. Although Uniscribe continues to be maintained as of 2021, its intended replacement DirectWrite, which has more features, was introduced with Windows 7. USP10.DLL Versions Below are listed some common versions of usp10.dll, as well as the methods by which they are distributed. Features are added according only the "major. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behdad Esfahbod
Seyed Behdad Esfahbod MirHosseinZadeh Sarabi (; born September 27, 1982) is an Iranian-Canadian software engineer and free software developer. He is best known for creating HarfBuzz. He was a software engineer at Facebook from February 2019 until July 1, 2020; before that he was a Senior Staff Software Engineer at Google since 2010, and before that at Red Hat. Education Esfahbod holds an MBA from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management and a Master of Science degree from the University of Toronto in Computer Science, and a Bachelor of Science degree from Sharif University in Computer Engineering, Software. While at high school Esfahbod won a silver in the 1999 International Olympiad in Informatics and then gold in 2000. Notable projects Esfahbod was among the founders of Sharif FarsiWeb Inc. which carried out internationalization and standardization projects related to open source and Persian language. He was a member of board of directors at GNOME Foundat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HarfBuzz
HarfBuzz (loose transliteration of Persian language, Persian calque ''harf-bāz'', literally "open type") is a software library for supporting text shaping, which is the process of converting Unicode text to glyph indices and positions. The newer version, ''New HarfBuzz'' (2012–), targets various font technologies while the first version, ''Old HarfBuzz'' (2006–2012), targeted only OpenType fonts. History HarfBuzz evolved from code that was originally part of the FreeType project. It was then developed separately in Qt (software), Qt and Pango. Then it was merged back into a common repository with an MIT license. This was Old HarfBuzz, which is no longer being developed, as the path going forward is New HarfBuzz. In 2013, Behdad Esfahbod won the O'Reilly Open Source Award, O’Reilly Open Source Award for his work on HarfBuzz. Important milestones for New HarfBuzz include: * 0.9.2, SIL Graphite support * 1.0 includes Universal Shaping Engine concepts from Microso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WorldScript
WorldScript is the multilingual text rendering engine for Apple Macintosh's classic Mac OS, before Mac OS X was introduced. Starting with version 7.1, Apple unified the implementation of non-Roman script systems in a programming interface called WorldScript. WorldScript I was used for all one-byte character sets and WorldScript II for two-byte sets. Support for new script systems was added by so-called Language Kits. Some kits were provided with foreign versions of the system software, and others were sold by Apple and third parties. Application support for WorldScript was not universal, since building in support was a significant task. In 8.5, full Unicode support was added to Mac OS through an API called Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging (ATSUI). However, WorldScript remained the dominant technology for international text until Mac OS X, because of limited application support for ATSUI. Legacy Good international support gave a marketing edge to word-processing programs s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphite (smart Font Technology)
Graphite is a programmable Unicode-compliant smart font technology and rendering system developed by SIL International as free software, distributed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License and the Common Public License. Capabilities and comparison to other smart font technologies Graphite is based on the TrueType font format, and adds three of its own tables. It allows for a variety of rendering rules, including Typographic ligature, ligatures, glyph substitution, glyph insertion, glyph rearrangement, anchoring diacritics, kerning, and Justification (typesetting), justification. Graphite rules may be sensitive to the context. For instance, there might be a glyph substitution rule that replaces every non-final ''s'' by an ''Long s, ſ''. In a Graphite font, all smart rendering information resides within the font file. In order to display the Graphite smart rendering, an application needs only Graphite support, but no built-in knowledge about the writing system’ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards. Firefox is available for Windows 10 or later versions of Windows, macOS, and Linux. Its unofficial ports are available for various Unix and Unix-like operating systems, including FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and other operating systems, such as ReactOS. Firefox is also available for Android and iOS. However, as with all other iOS web browsers, the iOS version uses the WebKit layout engine instead of Gecko due to platform requirements. An optimized version is also available on the Amazon Fire TV as one of the two main browsers available with Amazon's Silk Browser. Firefox is the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator, as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998, before its acquisition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typographic Ligature
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. Examples are the characters and used in English and French, in which the letters and are joined for the first ligature and the letters and are joined for the second ligature. For stylistic and legibility reasons, and are often merged to create (where the tittle on the merges with the hood of the ); the same is true of and to create . The common ampersand, , developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters and (spelling , Latin for 'and') were combined. History The earliest known script Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieratic both include many cases of character combinations that gradually evolve from ligatures into separately recognizable characters. Other notable ligatures, such as the Brahmic abugidas and the Germanic bind rune, figure prominently throughout ancient manuscripts. These new glyphs emerge alongside the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mac OS X 10
macOS, previously OS X and originally Mac OS X, is a Unix, Unix-based operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. Within the market of Desktop computer, desktop and laptop computers, it is the Usage share of operating systems#Desktop and laptop computers, second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of all Linux distributions, including ChromeOS and SteamOS. , the most recent release of macOS is MacOS Sequoia, macOS 15 Sequoia, the 21st major version of macOS. Mac OS X succeeded classic Mac OS, the primary Mac operating systems, Macintosh operating system from 1984 to 2001. Its underlying architecture came from NeXT's NeXTSTEP, as a result of NeXT#1997–2006: Acquisition by Apple, Apple's acquisition of NeXT, which also brought Steve Jobs back to Apple. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released on March 24, 2001. Mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
