|
Orthopoxvirus
''Orthopoxvirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Poxviridae'' and subfamily ''Chordopoxvirinae''. Vertebrates, including mammals and humans, and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, camelpox, and monkeypox. The most widely known member of the genus is '' Variola virus'', which causes smallpox. It was eradicated globally by 1977, through the use of ''Vaccinia virus'' as a vaccine. The most recently described species is the ''Alaskapox virus'', first isolated in 2015. Microbiology Structure Orthopoxviruses are enveloped with brick-shaped geometries and virion dimensions around 200 nm wide and 250 nm long. Genome Member viruses have linear DNA genomes around 170–250 kb in length. Lifecycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which mediate cellula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raccoonpox Virus
''Raccoonpox virus'' (RCN) is a double-stranded DNA virus and a member of the orthopoxviruses in the family ''Poxviridae'' and subfamily ''Chordopoxvirinae'' which consists of eight genera: Avipoxvirus, Capripoxvirus, Leporipoxvirus, Molluscipoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, Parapoxvirus, Suipoxvirus and YatapoxvirusPastoret, P. P., & Vanderplasschen, A. (2003). Poxviruses as vaccine vectors lectronic version Comparative Immunology, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases, 26, 343-355. Vertebrates are the natural host of Chordopoxvirinae subfamily viruses. More specifically, raccoons are the natural hosts of RCN. RCN was isolated in 1961 from the upper respiratory tissues of 2 raccoons in a group of 92 observably healthy raccoons (Procyon lotor) trapped close to Aberdeen, Maryland. Of the 92 apparently healthy raccoons trapped near Aberdeen, Maryland in 1961, 22 had sera containing RCN HA1 antibodies. The sera partially cross-reacted with a vaccinia virus HA preparation, suggesting a clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variola Virus
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making it the only human disease to be eradicated. The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of ulcers in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days, the skin rash turned into the characteristic fluid-filled blisters with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was spread between people or via contaminated objects. Prevention was achieved mainly through the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medication may have helped. The risk of death was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often, those who survived had extensive scarring of their sk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making it the only human disease to be eradicated. The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of ulcers in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days, the skin rash turned into the characteristic fluid-filled blisters with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was spread between people or via contaminated objects. Prevention was achieved mainly through the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medication may have helped. The risk of death was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often, those who survived had extensive scarring of their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monkeypox Virus
''Monkeypox virus'' (MPV, MPXV, or hMPXV) is a species of double-stranded DNA virus that causes monkeypox in humans and other mammals. Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic virus belonging to the ''orthopoxvirus'' genus, making it closely related to the variola (VARV), cowpox (CPX), and vaccinia (VACV) viruses. MPV is oval-shaped with a lipoprotein outer membrane. The genome is approximately 190 kb. The variola and monkeypox virus are both orthopoxviruses, and so the smallpox vaccine is effective against monkeypox if given within 3–5 years before contracting the disease. The clinical presentation of Monkeypox is similar to smallpox, but with a milder rash and lower mortality rate. The virus is transmissible between animals and humans, by direct contact to the lesions or bodily fluids. Monkeypox was given its name after being isolated from monkeys, but the majority of the carriers of this virus are rodents. Variation in virulence of the virus has been observed in isolates from Central A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chordopoxvirinae
''Chordopoxvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the family ''Poxviridae''. Humans, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as natural hosts. Currently, 52 species are placed in this subfamily, divided among 18 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include smallpox. Four genera in this subfamily contain species that infect humans: ''Molluscipoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, Parapoxvirus'', and ''Yatapoxvirus''. Virology The virions are generally enveloped though the intracellular mature virion form of the virus, which contains a different envelope, and is also infectious. They vary in their shape depending upon the species, but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. The virion is exceptionally large, around 200 nm in diameter and 300 nm in length, and carries its genome in a single, double-stranded segment of DNA. Genomes are linear, around 130-375kb in length. Lifecycle Viral r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cowpox
Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the ''cowpox virus'' (CPXV). It presents with large blisters in the skin, a fever and swollen glands, historically typically following contact with an infected cow, though in the last several decades more often (though overall rarely) from infected cats. The hands and face are most frequently affected and the spots are generally very painful. The virus, part of the genus '' Orthopoxvirus'', is closely related to the ''vaccinia'' virus. The virus is zoonotic, meaning that it is transferable between species, such as from cat to human. The transferral of the disease was first observed in dairymaids who touched the udders of infected cows and consequently developed the signature pustules on their hands.Vanessa Ngan, "Viral and Skin Infections" 2009 Cowpox is more com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cowpox Virus
Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the ''cowpox virus'' (CPXV). It presents with large vesicle (dermatology), blisters in the skin, a fever and lymphadenopathy, swollen glands, historically typically following contact with an infected cow, though in the last several decades more often (though overall rarely) from infected cats. The hands and face are most frequently affected and the spots are generally very painful. The virus, part of the genus ''Orthopoxvirus'', is closely related to the ''vaccinia'' virus. The virus is Zoonosis, zoonotic, meaning that it is transferable between species, such as from cat to human. The transferral of the disease was first observed in dairymaids who touched the udders of infected cows and consequently developed the signature pustules on their hands.Vanessa Ngan, "Viral and Skin Inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camelpox Virus
Camelpox is a disease of camels caused by the camelpox virus (CMPV) of the family ''Poxviridae'', subfamily ''Chordopoxvirinae'', and the genus ''Orthopoxvirus''. It causes skin lesions and a generalized infection. Approximately 25% of young camels that become infected will die from the disease, while infection in older camels is generally more mild. Although rare, the infection may spread to the hands of those that work closely with camels. Cause The camelpox virus that causes camelpox is an orthopoxvirus that is very closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. It is a large, brick-shaped, enveloped virus that ranges in size from 265–295 nm. The viral genetic material is contained in a linear double-stranded DNA consisting of 202,182 tightly packed base pairs. The DNA is encased in the viral core. Two lateral bodies are found outside the viral core, and are believed to hold the enzymes required for viral reproduction. The camelpox virus most often aff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poxviridae
''Poxviridae'' is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses. Vertebrates and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 83 species in this family, divided among 22 genera, which are divided into two subfamilies. Diseases associated with this family include smallpox. Four genera of poxviruses may infect humans: ''Orthopoxvirus'', ''Parapoxvirus'', ''Yatapoxvirus'', ''Molluscipoxvirus''. ''Orthopoxvirus'': smallpox virus (variola), vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus; ''Parapoxvirus'': orf virus, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis virus; ''Yatapoxvirus'': tanapox virus, yaba monkey tumor virus; ''Molluscipoxvirus'': molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The most common are vaccinia (seen on the Indian subcontinent) and molluscum contagiosum, but monkeypox infections are rising (seen in west and central African rainforest countries). The similarly named disease chickenpox is not a true poxvirus and is caused by the herpesvirus varicella zoster. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camelpox
Camelpox is a disease of camels caused by the camelpox virus (CMPV) of the family ''Poxviridae'', subfamily ''Chordopoxvirinae'', and the genus ''Orthopoxvirus''. It causes skin lesions and a generalized infection. Approximately 25% of young camels that become infected will die from the disease, while infection in older camels is generally more mild. Although rare, the infection may spread to the hands of those that work closely with camels. Cause The camelpox virus that causes camelpox is an orthopoxvirus that is very closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. It is a large, brick-shaped, enveloped virus that ranges in size from 265–295 nm. The viral genetic material is contained in a linear double-stranded DNA consisting of 202,182 tightly packed base pairs. The DNA is encased in the viral core. Two lateral bodies are found outside the viral core, and are believed to hold the enzymes required for viral reproduction. The camelpox virus most often affe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poxviridae Cycle
''Poxviridae'' is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses. Vertebrates and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 83 species in this family, divided among 22 genera, which are divided into two subfamilies. Diseases associated with this family include smallpox. Four genera of poxviruses may infect humans: ''Orthopoxvirus'', ''Parapoxvirus'', ''Yatapoxvirus'', ''Molluscipoxvirus''. ''Orthopoxvirus'': smallpox virus (variola), vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus; ''Parapoxvirus'': orf virus, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis virus; ''Yatapoxvirus'': tanapox virus, yaba monkey tumor virus; ''Molluscipoxvirus'': molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The most common are vaccinia (seen on the Indian subcontinent) and molluscum contagiosum, but monkeypox infections are rising (seen in west and central African rainforest countries). The similarly named disease chickenpox is not a true poxvirus and is caused by the herpesvirus varicella zoster. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectromelia Virus
''Ectromelia virus'' (ECTV) is a virus of the family ''Poxviridae'' and the genus ''Orthopoxvirus'' that causes mousepox, a disease of mice. It has only been seen in mouse colonies kept for research purposes but believed that wild populations of mice and other rodents in Europe are naturally infected with ECTV. Mousepox causes skin lesions, a purulent rash on the body of mice, and generalized disease, which can be fatal. It is the only poxvirus to cause disease naturally in mice. History Ectromelia was first discovered in 1930 when scientists started to use mice as a model for examinations and experiments, and was first observed in a colony of laboratory mice in England. The original Hampstead strain of ECTV was discovered in 1930 in a laboratory-mouse colony. Since then, other ECTV strains and outbreaks have been seen in Europe and the USA with differences in the severity of the disease. Properties Ectromelia virus belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Pox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.png "Click for more on -> Cowpox")
