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Oyster Mushrooms
''Pleurotus'' is a genus of gilled mushrooms which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, '' P. ostreatus''. Species of ''Pleurotus'' may be called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are some of the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. ''Pleurotus'' fungi have also been used in mycoremediation of pollutants, such as petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Description The caps may be laterally attached (with no stipe). If there is a stipe, it is normally eccentric and the gills are decurrent along it. The term '' pleurotoid'' is used for any mushroom with this general shape. The spores are smooth and elongated (described as "cylindrical"). Where hyphae meet, they are joined by clamp connections. ''Pleurotus'' is not considered to be a bracket fungus, and most of the species are monomitic (with a soft consistency). However, remarkably, '' P. dryinus'' can sometimes be dimitic, meaning that it has additional skeletal hypha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the Mycology, "Linnaeus of Mycology". In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he studied under Carl Adolph Agardh and Anders Jahan Retzius. He obtained his doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. Fries edited several exsiccata series, the first starting in 1818 under the title ''Lichenes Sveciae exsiccati, curante Elia Fries'' and the last together with Franz Joseph Lagger under the title ''Hieracia europaea exsiccata''. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monomitic
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 μm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus
''Omphalotus'' is a genus of basidiomycete mushroom, in the family Omphalotaceae, formally circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Victor Fayod in 1889. Members have the traditional pileus (mycology), cap and stipe (mycology), stem structure. They are saprobic, and fruit in clumps on the ground, adjacent to host trees. The best known and type species is the jack-o'-lantern mushroom ''(Omphalotus olearius)''. Species of ''Omphalotus'' have been mistaken for Cantharellus, chanterelles. All ''Omphalotus'' species are presumed poisonous mushroom, poisonous, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Some ''Omphalotus'' species have bioluminescent properties. Taxonomy Victor Fayod originally erected the genus with ''Omphalotus olearius, Pleurotus olearius'' and ''Pleurotus eryngii, P. eryngii'' as its principal species in 1889, placing it in a ''tribus'' ("alliance") with the genera ''Pleurotus'' and ''Pleurotellus''. The relationships of the genus have become clearer with geneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marasmiellus
''Marasmiellus'' is a genus of fungi in the family (biology), family Omphalotaceae. The widespread genus, circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by American mycologist William Murrill in 1915, contains over 250 species. The name comes from the Greek (language), Greek ''marasmus'' meaning ''wasting''. Morphology and life cycle The morphology of ''Marasmiellus'' has received little attention compared to other genera of ''Marasmiaceae, Omphalotaceae'', mainly due to their uncolorful Pileus (mycology), pileus, small basidiocarps, and little variation in morphological characters. These factors complicate delimitations of species within this genus. Species of ''Marasmiellus'' have prostrate and diverticulate hyphae, which have no clear orientation. However, it has been observed that other hyphae can aggregate in fascicles and be radially oriented. Furthermore, Cystidium, cheilocystidia arise from horizontal hyphae and are frequently embedded in the hymenium, often being prostrate. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lentinus
''Lentinus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus is widely distributed, with many species found in subtropical regions. The genus name ''Lentinus'' is derived from the Latin ''lent'', meaning "pliable", and ''inus'', meaning "resembling". Species , Index Fungorum accepts 120 species of ''Lentinus''. The genus includes: *'' L. anastomosans'' Rick (1938) *'' L. anthocephalus'' (Lév.) Pegler (1971) *'' L. araucariae'' Har. & Pat. (1903) *'' L. arcularius'' (Batsch) Zmitr. (2010) *'' L. atrobrunneus'' Pegler (1971) *'' L. badius'' (Berk.) Berk. (1847) *'' L. baguirmiensis'' Pat. & Har. (1908) *'' L. bambusinus'' T.K.A.Kumar & Manim. (2005) *'' L. berteroi'' (Fr.) Fr. (1825) *'' L. brumalis'' (Pers.) Zmitr. (2010) *'' L. brunneofloccosus'' Pegler (1971) *'' L. caesariatus'' Pat. (1924) *'' L. calyx'' (Speg.) Pegler (1983) *'' L. campinensis'' Teixeira (1946) *'' L. candidus'' P.W.Graff (1913) *'' L. chordalis'' Lloyd (1919) *'' L. chudaei'' Har. & Pat. (191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hohenbuehelia
''Hohenbuehelia'' is a pleurotoid genus of agaric fungi characterized by gelatinous-sheathed bowling-pin-shaped cystidia, on conidia, basidiospore germ tubes, and mycelium that adhere to and capture nematodes. The fruitbodies bear thick-walled cystidia (metuloids) in the hymenium along the gill sides and that differentiate the genus from '' Pleurotus'' in the Pleurotaceae family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili .... The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 50 species. Etymology Named after — Ludwig Samuel Joseph David Alexander Freiherr von Hohenbühel Heufler zu Rasen und Perdonegg (1817-1885) - an Austrian baron and cryptogamist. Species References External links G. Barron`& ''Hohenbuehelia'' nematode traps* Pleurotaceae Agar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favolaschia
''Favolaschia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Mycenaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains about 50 species. Like the genus Favolus, the name is derived from the Latin ''favus'' meaning ''honeycomb'', as the fungi with the large pores on the underside are resembling a honeycomb. The name was first published as a section of the obsolete genus ''Laschia'', which was named after Wilhelm Gottfried Lasch (1787-1863), who was a German apothecary and botanist. Species *'' Favolaschia alsophilae'' *'' Favolaschia amoene-rosea'' *'' Favolaschia andina'' *'' Favolaschia aulaxina'' *'' Favolaschia aurantiaca'' *'' Favolaschia auriscalpium'' *'' Favolaschia austrocyatheae'' *'' Favolaschia calamicola'' *'' Favolaschia calocera'' *'' Favolaschia citrina'' *'' Favolaschia cyatheae'' *'' Favolaschia dumontii'' *'' Favolaschia dybowskyana'' *'' Favolaschia echinata'' *'' Favolaschia fendleri'' *'' Favolaschia fujisanensis'' *'' Favolaschia furfurella'' *'' Favolaschia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus
''Agaricus'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom ('' A. bisporus'') and the field mushroom ('' A. campestris''), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West. Taxonomy Several origins of genus name ''Agaricus'' have been proposed. It possibly originates from ancient Sarmatia Europaea, where people Agari, promontory Agarum and a river Agarus were known (all located on the northern shore of Sea of Azov, probably, near modern Berdiansk in Ukraine). Note also Greek , agarikón, "a sort of tree fungus" (There has been an ''Agaricon'' Adans. genus, treated by Donk in ''Persoonia'' 1:180.) For many years, members of the genus ''Agaricus'' were given the generic name ''Psalliota'', and this can still be seen in older books on mushrooms. All proposals to conserve ''Agaricus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy () is the science, scientific study of naming, defining (Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxon, taxa (singular: taxon), and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain (biology), domain, kingdom (biology), kingdom, phylum (''division'' is sometimes used in botany in place of ''phylum''), class (biology), class, order (biology), order, family (biology), family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, having developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms. With advances in the theory, data and analytical technology of biological systematics, the Linnaean system has transfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book ''On the Origin of Species''. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic. There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric speciation, allopatric, peripatric speciation, peripatric, parapatric speciation, parapatric, and sympatric speciation, sympatric. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject of much ongoing discussion. Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy, such as by doubling of chromosome number; the result is progeny wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenotypic
In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology (physical form and structure), its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, and its behavior. An organism's phenotype results from two basic factors: the expression of an organism's genetic code (its genotype) and the influence of environmental factors. Both factors may interact, further affecting the phenotype. When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species, the species is called polymorphic. A well-documented example of polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring; while the coat color depends on many genes, it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow, black, and brown. Richard Dawkins in 1978 and again in his 1982 book '' The Extended Phenotype'' suggested that one can regard bird nests and other built structures such as caddisfly larva cases and beaver dams ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurotus Pulmonarius LC0228
''Pleurotus'' is a genus of gilled mushrooms which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, '' P. ostreatus''. Species of ''Pleurotus'' may be called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are some of the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. ''Pleurotus'' fungi have also been used in mycoremediation of pollutants, such as petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Description The caps may be laterally attached (with no stipe). If there is a stipe, it is normally eccentric and the gills are decurrent along it. The term '' pleurotoid'' is used for any mushroom with this general shape. The spores are smooth and elongated (described as "cylindrical"). Where hyphae meet, they are joined by clamp connections. ''Pleurotus'' is not considered to be a bracket fungus, and most of the species are monomitic (with a soft consistency). However, remarkably, '' P. dryinus'' can sometimes be dimitic, meaning that it has additional skeletal hypha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
