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Ornithuromorph
Euornithes (from Greek ' meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to ''Sinornis''. Description Clarke ''et al''. (2006) found that the most primitive known euornithians (the Yanornithiformes) had a mosaic of advanced and primitive features. These species retained primitive features like gastralia and a pubic symphysis. They also showed the first fully modern pygostyles, and the type specimen of ''Yixianornis'' (IVPP 13631) preserves eight elongated rectrices (tail feathers) in a modern arrangement. No earlier pygostylians are known which preserve a fan of tail feathers of this sort; instead, they showed only paired plumes or a tuft of short feathers. Classification The name Euornithes has been used for a wide variety of avialan groups since it was first named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1889. It was first defined as a clade in 1998 by Paul Sereno, who made it the group of all animals close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongshanornis Longicresta
''Hongshanornis'' is a genus of ornithuromorph birds known from early Cretaceous lake deposits of the Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China. The holotype specimen, recovered in 2005, is currently held by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing. It was found in the Jianshangou fossil beds, dated to 124.6 million years ago. Three additional specimens have been reported, though only one of those has been definitively identified as belonging to ''Hongshanornis''. This latter specimen was found in the Dawangzhangzi fossil beds, which are about 122 million years old. ''Hongshanornis'' is a member of the group Hongshanornithidae, to which it lent its name. It is closely related to ''Longicrusavis'', which existed alongside ''Hongshanornis'' in the Dawangzhangzi ecosystem, and is very similar to the later '' Parahongshanornis'' from the Jiufotang Formation. Description ''Hongshanornis longicresta'' was a small species, especially compared to other ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eogranivora
''Eogranivora'' is a bird genus, belonging to the Ornithuromorpha, that lived in the area of present-day China during the Early Cretaceous. Its type species is ''Eogranivora edentulata''.Zheng X., O’Connor J.K., Wang X., Wang Y., Zhou Z. 2018. "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B'' 285: 20172494 In 2011, a bird fossil, specimen STM35-3 found at Dawangzhangzi, was referred to '' Hongshanornis''.Zheng X-T., Martin L.D., Zhou Z-H., Burnham D.A., Zhang F-C., Miao D. 2011 "Fossil evidence of avian crops from the Early Cretaceous of China". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA'' 108: 15 904–15 907 Subsequently, that genus was proven to possess teeth, while STM35-3 is toothless. Additional research showed that the latter represented a species new to science. In 2018, the type species ''Eogranivora edentulata'' was named and described by Zheng Xiaotin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaririavis
''Kaririavis'' is an extinct genus of ornithuromorphs from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. It contains one species, ''K. mater''. It is known only from its holotype, which consists of a single foot. ''Kaririavis'' is the oldest known ornithuromorph from Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final stages .... References Prehistoric euornitheans Aptian genera Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America Cretaceous Brazil Fossils of Brazil Crato Formation Fossil taxa described in 2021 Taxa named by Fernando Novas {{Theropod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changzuiornis
''Changzuiornis'' is an extinct genus of ornithuromorph bird from the Early Cretaceous of present-day China. It contains a single species, ''C. ahgmi''. Discovery and naming At Sihedang near Lingyuan in Liaoning, a bird skeleton was excavated which was acquired by the ''Anhui Gushengwu Bowugan'', the paleontological museum of Anhui. In 2016 the type species ''Changzuiornis ahgmi'' was named and described by Huang Jiandong, Wang Xia, Hu Yuanchao, Liu Jia, Jennifer A. Peteya and Julia A. Clarke. The generic name combines the Chinese ''chángzuì'', "the longest", a reference to the long beak, with a Greek ὄρνις, ''ornis'', "bird". The specific name is the Latin genitive of the acronym AHGM, the Anhui Geological Museum. The holotype, AGB5840, was found in a layer of the Jiufotang Formation dating from the Aptian. It consists of an almost complete and associated skeleton with skull, compressed on a plate. It preserves feather remains and gastroliths. It represents an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khinganornis
''Khinganornis'' (after the Greater Khingan mountain range) is a genus of ornithuromorph bird from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation of Liaoning, China. The genus contains a single species, ''Khinganornis hulunbuirensis'', known from a nearly complete fossil preserved on a slab and counter slab. The holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ... most likely represents an adult individual. References Birds described in 2020 Fossil taxa described in 2020 Extinct birds of Asia Prehistoric bird genera Mesozoic birds of Asia Prehistoric euornitheans {{Paleo-bird-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeorhynchus
''Archaeorhynchus'' (meaning "ancient snout") is a genus of beaked avialan stem-birds from the early Cretaceous period. A fossil of its only known species, ''Archaeorhynchus spathula'', was first reported in 2005 by Zhou & Zhang to have been found in Yixian Formation rocks at Yixian, Liaoning province, China, showing a well-preserved and essentially complete skeleton. Two more complete specimens were found in Lower Cretaceous deposits of Jianchang, Liaoning, northeastern China, preserving new anatomical information. These deposits are 120 million years old, whereas the original specimen was 125 million years old, meaning the age range for this species is 125-120Ma. ''Archaeorhychus'' is one of the earliest avialans known to have had a beak, and represents one of the most basal ornithuromorph avialans. The fossils preserved feathers associated with the neck, head and tail regions. The fossils also show grooves and openings/ holes (foramina) on the tips of the upper and lower jaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanornithiformes
Yanornithiformes is an order of ornithuromorph birds from the early Cretaceous Period of China. All known specimens come from the Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation, dating to the early Aptian age, 124.6 to 120 million years ago. The family Songlingornithidae was first named by Hou in 1997 to contain the type genus, ''Songlingornis''.Hou, (1997). ''Mesozoic Birds of China''. Taiwan Provincial Feng Huang Ku Bird Park. Taiwan: Nan Tou. 228 pp. Clarke et al. (2006) was first to find a close relationship between ''Songlingornis'' and the "yanornithids", which had been previously named to contain the similar species ''Yanornis'' and ''Yixianornis''. At least one study has found the late Cretaceous Mongolian bird '' Hollanda'' to be a member of this group. The family Yanornithidae (now Songlingornithidae Songlingornithidae is a family of basal euornitheans from the Early Cretaceous of China. All known specimens come from the Jiufotang Formation and the Yixian Formation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vorona
''Vorona'' ( ; Malagasy for "bird", ''V. berivotrensis'', "from Berivotra") is a monotypic genus of prehistoric birds. It was described from fossils found in a Maevarano Formation quarry near the village of Berivotra, Mahajanga Province, Madagascar. The age of the fossilised specimen is Late Cretaceous, probably Maastrichtian (72.1-66.0 mya). ''V. berivotrensis'' is known from scattered remains, possibly from a single individual ( UA 8651 and FMNH PA715). The phylogenic affinity of ''Vorona'' is hard to determine due to the fragmentary nature of the remains, mainly because the fossil shows a mix of basal avian features as well as some that seem very derived. ''Vorona'' might be a primitive ornithuromorph. At least two studies recovered it as part of Enantiornithes, however. ''Vorona'' is sometimes confused with the dromaeosaur ''Rahonavis ostromi'', a fossil of which was found in the same location. This confusion has led to the common misconception that ''Vorona'' had a dei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiuquanornis
''Jiuquanornis'' is an extinct genus of basal ornithuromorph dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous Xiagou Formation of Changma Basin, Gansu Province of northwestern China. ''Jiuquanornis'' was first named by Ya-Ming Wang, Jingmai K. O'Connor, Da-Qing Li and Hai-Lu You in 2013 and the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... is ''Jiuquanornis niui''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16754002 Prehistoric euornitheans Bird genera Early Cretaceous birds of Asia Fossil taxa described in 2013 Paleontology in Gansu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gansus
''Gansus'' is a genus of aquatic birds that lived during the Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) period in what are now Gansu and Liaoning provinces, western China. The rock layers from which their fossils have been recovered are dated to 120 million years ago.Ji, S.-A. Atterholt, J. O'Connor, J.K. Lamanna, M.C. Harris, J.D. Li, D.-Q. You, H.-L. & Dodson, P. (2011A new, three-dimensionally preserved enantiornithine bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from Gansu Province, north-western China ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 162(1):201–219. It was first described in 1984 on the basis of an isolated left leg.Hou, L. & Liu, Z. (1984) A new fossil bird from Lower Cretaceous of Gansu and early evolution of birds. ''Sci. Sin. Ser. B.'' 27:1296−1302. It is the oldest-known member of the Ornithurae, the group which includes modern birds (Neornithes) and extinct related groups, such as ''Ichthyornis'' and Hesperornithes.O’Connor, J.K & Zhou, Z. (2012A redescription ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pygostyle
Pygostyle describes a skeletal condition in which the final few caudal vertebrae are fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these. The pygostyle is the main component of the uropygium, a structure colloquially known as the bishop's nose, parson's nose, pope's nose, or sultan's nose. This is the fleshy protuberance visible at the posterior end of a bird (most commonly a chicken or turkey) that has been dressed for cooking. It has a swollen appearance because it also contains the uropygial gland that produces preen oil. Evolution Pygostyles probably began to evolve very early in the Cretaceous period, perhaps 140 – 130 million years ago. The earliest known species to have evolved a pygostyle were members of the Confuciusornithidae. The structure provided an evolutionary advantage, as a completely mobile tail as found in species such as '' Archaeopteryx'' is detrimental to its use for flight contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patagopterygiformes
Patagopterygiformes is an extinct group of large terrestrial ornithuromorphs from the Late Cretaceous of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout .... It contains at most three genera: '' Patagopteryx'', '' Alamitornis'' and possibly '' Kuszholia''. References Prehistoric euornitheans Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America Cretaceous Argentina Fossils of Argentina Taxa named by José Bonaparte {{Theropod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
