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Opacity
Opacity or opaque may refer to: * Impediments to (especially, visible) light: ** Opacities, absorption coefficients ** Opacity (optics), property or degree of blocking the transmission of light * Metaphors derived from literal optics: ** In linguistics: *** Opaque context, a term to describe the linguistic context of co-referential terms *** Phonological opacity, a term in phonology *** Semantic opacity, the opposite of semantic transparency ** Opaque travel inventory, the market of selling unsold travel inventory at a discounted price * Musical works: ** ''Opacity'' (album) ** Opacities (EP) * Computer science: ** Measure of obscuration of background by "painting" an image, e.g. alpha channel ** Use of an opaque data type ** Property attributed to data that can be interpreted only by using an external entity, e.g. magic cookie technology ** Opaque binary blob Opaque binary blob (OBB) is a term used in network engineering and computer science to refer to a sizeable piece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opacity (optics)
Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a transmission medium, medium, such as a plasma (physics), plasma, dielectric, radiation shield, shielding material, glass, etc. An opaque object is neither Transparency (optics), transparent (allowing all light to pass through) nor translucent (allowing some light to pass through). When light strikes an interface between two substances, in general some may be reflected, some absorbed, some scattered, and the rest transmitted (also see refraction). Reflection can be diffuse reflection, diffuse, for example light reflecting off a white wall, or specular reflection, specular, for example light reflecting off a mirror. An opaque substance transmits no light, and therefore reflects, scatters, or absorbs all of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque. Opacity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phonological Opacity
Phonological opacity is a term used in phonology. It was first defined by Kiparsky as a measure of the context or the consequences of a phonological process that may be determined only by examining the surface structure. Kiparsky defined it in the following way: A phonological rule ''P'', A \rightarrow B / C \underline D, is opaque only if all of the following surface structures exist: * instance of ''A'' in the C \underline D environment; * instance of ''B'' created by ''P'' in an environment other than C \underline D; * instance of ''B'' not derived from ''P'' that occur in the context C \underline D. A common example is the interaction of the flapping of // and the raising of // in Canadian English and other dialects. Before voiceless consonants such as [], the diphthong // is raised to sound more like [], so the word ''write'' is pronounced []. In some contexts between vowels, // is replaced by the (voiced) flap [], so (for example) ''patting'' is pronounced [], similar to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transparency (linguistic)
Linguistic transparency is a phrase which is used in multiple, overlapping subjects in the fields of linguistics and the philosophy of language. It has both normative and descriptive senses. Normative Normatively, the phrase may describe the effort to suit one's rhetoric to the widest possible audience, without losing relevant information in the process. Advocates of normative linguistic transparency often argue that linguistic opacity is dangerous to a democracy. These critics point out that jargon is deliberately employed in government and business. It encrypts morally suspect information in order to dull reaction to it: for example, the phrase "collateral damage" to refer to the manslaughter of innocents. One play upon this view was by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White, who in the ''Elements of Style'' ruled that the writer ought to "eschew obfuscation". The Plain Language Movement is an example of people who advocate using clearer, common language within the wider academic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opacity (album)
Opacity or opaque may refer to: * Impediments to (especially, visible) light: ** Opacities, absorption coefficients ** Opacity (optics), property or degree of blocking the transmission of light * Metaphors derived from literal optics: ** In linguistics: *** Opaque context, a term to describe the linguistic context of co-referential terms *** Phonological opacity, a term in phonology *** Semantic opacity, the opposite of semantic transparency ** Opaque travel inventory, the market of selling unsold travel inventory at a discounted price * Musical works: ** ''Opacity'' (album) ** Opacities (EP) * Computer science: ** Measure of obscuration of background by "painting" an image, e.g. alpha channel ** Use of an opaque data type ** Property attributed to data that can be interpreted only by using an external entity, e.g. magic cookie In computing, a magic cookie, or just cookie for short, is a token or short packet of data passed between communicating programs. The cookie is often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha Compositing
In computer graphics, alpha compositing or alpha blending is the process of combining one image with a background to create the appearance of partial or full transparency. It is often useful to render picture elements (pixels) in separate passes or layers and then combine the resulting 2D images into a single, final image called the composite. Compositing is used extensively in film when combining computer-rendered image elements with live footage. Alpha blending is also used in 2D computer graphics to put rasterized foreground elements over a background. In order to combine the picture elements of the images correctly, it is necessary to keep an associated ''matte'' for each element in addition to its color. This matte layer contains the coverage information—the shape of the geometry being drawn—making it possible to distinguish between parts of the image where something was drawn and parts that are empty. Although the most basic operation of combining two images is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Absorption Coefficient
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes through a given medium, while a small value represents that the medium had little effect on loss. The SI unit of attenuation coefficient is the reciprocal metre (m−1). Extinction coefficient is another term for this quantity, often used in meteorology and climatology. Most commonly, the quantity measures the exponential decay of intensity, that is, the value of downward ''e''-folding distance of the original intensity as the energy of the intensity passes through a unit (''e.g.'' one meter) thickness of material, so that an attenuation coefficient of 1 m−1 means that after passing through 1 metre, the radiation will be reduced by a factor of '' e'', and for material w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opaque Context
An opaque context or referentially opaque context is a linguistic context in which it is not always possible to substitute "co-referential" expressions (expressions referring to the same object) without altering the truth of sentences. The expressions involved are usually grammatically singular terms. So, substitution of co-referential expressions into an opaque context does not always preserve truth. For example, "Lois believes x is a hero" is an opaque context because "Lois believes Superman is a hero" is true while "Lois believes Clark Kent is a hero" is false, even though 'Superman' and 'Clark Kent' are co-referential expressions. Usage The term is used in philosophical theories of reference, and is to be contrasted with referentially transparent context. In rough outline: *Opacity: "Mary believes that Cicero is a great orator" gives rise to an opaque context; although Cicero was also called 'Tully',Tully is anglicised historic name from Tullius, sourceKate Kearns: Semant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opaque Travel Inventory
An opaque inventory is the market of selling unsold travel inventory at a discounted price. The inventory is called "opaque" because the specific suppliers (i.e. hotel, airline, etc.) remain hidden until after the purchase has been completed. This is done to prevent sales of unsold inventory from cannibalizing full-price retail sales. According to TravelClick, the opaque channel accounted for 6% of all hotel reservations for major brands in 2012, up 2% from 2010. The primary consumers of opaque inventories are price-conscious people whose primary aim is the cheapest travel possible and are less concerned with the specifics of their travel plans. Hotel discounts of 30-60% are typical, and bargains are stronger at a higher star hotel. While one has control over the dates and times of a travel itinerary, the downside is these purchases are absolutely non-refundable and non-changeable and, as noted above, the specific hotel or airline is not revealed until after purchase. The main sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opacities (EP)
''Opacities'' is the fourth EP by British progressive metal band SikTh. The EP is the band's first release since reforming in 2014. ''Opacities'' was self–released by the band on 4 December 2015. Background and recording SikTh reformed in 2014 and played at Download Festival followed by a UK tour. The band announced they would begin recording a new album in summer 2015 with a release scheduled sometime in November/December. The album was crowd funded via PledgeMusic and was recorded without the assistance of a record label. Release and promotion In promotion of ''Opacities'' a music video for the song "Philistine Philosophies" was released on 2 November 2015. The album became available for streaming via ''The Independent'' a month later on 2 December. ''Opacities'' was released on 4 December. SikTh played five shows with Slipknot in support of the EP. Track listing Personnel ;SikTh * Mikee Goodman – vocals * Justin Hill – vocals * Dan Weller Dan Weller ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opaque Data Type
In computer science, an opaque data type is a data type whose concrete data structure is not defined in an interface. This enforces information hiding, since its values can only be manipulated by calling subroutines that have access to the missing information. The concrete representation of the type is hidden from its users, and the visible implementation is incomplete. A data type whose representation is visible is called transparent. Opaque data types are frequently used to implement abstract data types. Typical examples of opaque data types include handles for resources provided by an operating system to application software. For example, the POSIX standard for threads defines an application programming interface based on a number of opaque types that represent threads or synchronization primitives like mutexes or condition variables. An opaque pointer is a special case of an opaque data type, a datatype that is declared to be a pointer to a record or data structure of som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magic Cookie
In computing, a magic cookie, or just cookie for short, is a token or short packet of data passed between communicating programs. The cookie is often used to identify a particular event or as "handle, transaction ID, or other token of agreement between cooperating programs". The term derives from the fortune cookie, which is a cookie with an embedded message. Usage Cookie data is typically not meaningful to the recipient program. The contents are opaque and not usually interpreted until the recipient passes the cookie data back to the sender or perhaps another program at a later time. In some cases, recipient programs are able to meaningfully compare two cookies for equality. The cookie can be used like a ticket. Early use The term ''magic cookie'' appears in the man page for the fseek routine in the C standard library, dating back at least to 1979, where it was stated: * "''ftell'' returns the current value of the offset relative to the beginning of the file associated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
