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Octophonic
Octophonic sound is a form of audio reproduction that presents eight discrete audio channels using eight speakers. For playback, the speakers may be positioned in a circle around the listeners or in any other configuration. Typical speaker configurations are eight spaced on a circle by 45° (oriented with first speaker 0° or at 22.5°), or the vertices of a cube to create a double quadraphonic set-up with elevation. In reference to his own work, Karlheinz Stockhausen made a distinction between these two forms, reserving the term "octophonic" for a cube configuration, as found in his '' Oktophonie'' and the electronic music for scene 2 and the Farewell of ''Mittwoch aus Licht'', and using the expression "eight-channel sound" for the circular arrangement, as used in ''Sirius'', '' Unsichtbare Chöre'', or Hours 13 to 21 of the '' Klang'' cycle. While quadraphonic sound uses four speakers positioned in a square at the four corners of the listening space (either on the ground or rai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oktophonie
(Octophony) is a 1991 octophonic electronic-music composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen. A component layer of act 2 of the opera , it may also be performed as an independent composition. It has a duration of 69 minutes. Function in ''Dienstag'' ''Oktophonie'' forms a layer of the music in act 2, (Invasion—Explosion with Farewell). The very forceful nature of the electronic music required a technical solution in order that the instrumentalists, who perform at the same time, can always be heard. Stockhausen solved this problem by providing each player with a microphone and a transmitter for amplification, which allows them to move freely throughout the auditiorium. This became a central part of Stockhausen’s performance practice in subsequent parts of the ''Licht'' cycle. Materials and technique ''Oktophonie'' was realised in the Studio for Electronic Music of the Westdeutscher Rundfunk, Cologne, in two phases of work: from 23 August to 30 November 1990, and from 5 to 30 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klang (Stockhausen)
''Klang'' ()—''Die 24 Stunden des Tages'' (Sound—The 24 Hours of the Day) is a cycle of compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen, on which he worked from 2004 until his death in 2007. It was intended to consist of 24 chamber-music compositions, each representing one hour of the day, with a different colour systematically assigned to every hour. The cycle was unfinished when the composer died, so that the last three "hours" are lacking. The 21 completed pieces include solos, duos, trios, a septet, and Stockhausen's last entirely electronic composition, ''Cosmic Pulses''. The fourth composition is a theatre piece for a solo percussionist, and there are also two auxiliary compositions which are not part of the main cycle. The completed works bear the work (opus) numbers 81–101. History and character After having spent 27 years composing the opera-cycle '' Licht'' (1977–2004), Stockhausen felt he was shifting his focus from the visible world of the eyes—''Licht'' is the German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mittwoch Aus Licht
(English: Wednesday from Light) is an opera by Karlheinz Stockhausen in a greeting, four scenes, and a farewell. It was the sixth of seven to be composed for the opera cycle (Light: The Seven Days of the Week), and the last to be staged. It was written between 1995 and 1997, and first staged in 2012. History The four component scenes were separately commissioned and premiered: * ''Welt-Parlament'' (World Parliament) was commissioned by the South German Radio Stuttgart and was composed from 29 December 1994 to 5 March 1995. It received its premiere on 3 February 1996, at the Hegelsaal of the Liederhalle in Stuttgart, sung by the Choir of the South German Radio, conducted by , with sound projection by Karlheinz Stockhausen. * ''Orchester-Finalisten'' (Orchestra Finalists) was commissioned by Jan van Vlijmen, director of the Holland Festival, and was premiered on 14 June 1996, at the Carré Theatre, Amsterdam, by the Asko Ensemble. * ''Helikopter-Streichquartett'' (Helicopter Strin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirius (Stockhausen)
''Sirius'': eight-channel electronic music and trumpet, soprano, bass clarinet, and bass is a music-theatre composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, composed between 1975 and 1977. It is Nr. 43 in the composer's catalogue of works, and lasts 96 minutes in performance. History ''Sirius'' has been described as "a modern mystery play, clothed as a science fiction story". While not described by the composer as an opera, it is nevertheless a musical drama, in which four emissaries from a planet orbiting the star Sirius bring a message to earth. "This was to be the big leap into theatre proper. ... ''Sirius'' is the key work that leads to his magnum opus LICHT (LIGHT)". When Stockhausen's daughter, Julika (aged 5 or 6 at the time), asked for a dog, he obtained one for her and named it Sirius, after the star in the constellation Canis Major, which was in his mind because he had just finished composing ''Sternklang'' ("Star-sound", 1971). Shortly afterward, he chanced upon a passage in a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unsichtbare Chöre
''Unsichtbare Chöre'' (Invisible Choirs) is an eight-channel electronic-music composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen. A component part of the opera ''Donnerstag aus Licht'', it may also be performed as an independent composition, in which form it is designated "ex 49" in the composer's catalog of works (where Nr. 49 is ''Michaels Jugend'', act 1 of the opera). Function in ''Donnerstag'' The opera ''Donnerstag aus Licht'' concerns the development of the earthly life of young Michael. He personifies a divine spirit capable of achieving immortality and absolute knowledge, who discovers beyond death a supraconsciousness that protects him from the anti-knowledge of Lucifer. The ''Invisible Choirs'' represent the divine immanence, disembodied and beyond logic, activated like a mantra that forces Michael into transcendence. It is played back on tape over eight groups of loudspeakers, set in a circle around the audience. It sounds softly in the background throughout the first scene, "Child ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadraphonic Sound
Quadraphonic (or quadrophonic and sometimes quadrasonic) sound – equivalent to what is now called 4.0 surround sound – uses four audio channels in which speakers are positioned at the four corners of a listening space. The system allows for the reproduction of sound signals that are (wholly or in part) independent of one another. Four channel quadraphonic surround sound can be used to recreate the highly realistic effect of a three-dimensional live concert hall experience in the home. It can also be used to enhance the listener experience beyond the directional limitations of ordinary two channel stereo sound. Quadraphonic audio was the earliest consumer product in surround sound. Since it was introduced to the public in the early 1970s many thousands of quadraphonic recordings have been made. Quadraphonic sound was a commercial failure when first introduced due to a variety of technical issues and format incompatibilities. Four channel audio formats can be more expensive to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spatial Music
Spatial music is composed music that intentionally exploits sound localization. Though present in Western music from biblical times in the form of the antiphon, as a component specific to new musical techniques the concept of spatial music (''Raummusik'', usually translated as " space music") was introduced as early as 1928 in Germany. The term ''spatialisation'' is connected especially with electroacoustic music to denote the projection and localization of sound sources in physical or virtual space or sound's spatial movement in space. Context The term "spatial music" indicates music in which the location and movement of sound sources is a primary compositional parameter and a central feature for the listener. It may involve a single, mobile sound source, or multiple, simultaneous, stationary or mobile sound events in different locations. There are at least three distinct categories when plural events are treated spatially: #essentially independent events separated in space, lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Height Channels
Height channels are audio channels in surround sound multichannel audio. Height channels are located above the listening area and increase the sound field beyond the horizontal plane. Two systems that use height channels, Dolby Pro Logic IIz and DTS Neo:X, which matrixes a front left and front right height out of the front left and front right channels. According to Dolby, non-directional ambient effects such as rain and wind are mapped to the height channels. This is similar to what is mapped to rear surround channels. In 2002, Dolby premiered a master of ''We Were Soldiers'' which featured a Sonic Whole Overhead Sound soundtrack. DTS-HD is a format which supports virtually any amount (over 2000) discrete channels for which a demonstration of an 11.2 system using four height channels was given at a Consumer Electronics Show. Tomlinson Holman's 10.2 surround sound, a format currently under development, uses 12 or 14 fully discrete channels, both including two height channels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Williams Mix
''Williams Mix'' (1951–1953) is a 4'15" musique concrete composition by John Cage for eight simultaneously played independent quarter-inch magnetic tapes. The first octophonic music, the piece was created by Cage with the assistance of Earle Brown, Morton Feldman, and David Tudor, using many tape sound sources and a paper score he created for the construction. "Presignifying the development of algorithmic composition, granular synthesis and sound diffusion," it was the third of five pieces completed in the ''Project for Music for Magnetic Tape'' (1951–1954), funded by dedicatee architect Paul Williams Jr.Hall, Patricia and Sallis, Friedemann (2004). ''A Handbook to Twentieth-Century Musical Sketches'', p. 189. . The material, recorded by Louis and Bebe Barron, was organized in six categories: city, country, electronic, manually produced, wind, and "small" sounds; "subjected...to '' I Ching'' manipulations, producing constant jumps from one sound to another or buzzing, scramb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan Harvey (composer)
Jonathan Dean Harvey (3 May 1939 – 4 December 2012)"Jonathan Harvey" was a British composer. He held teaching positions at universities and music conservatories in Europe and the USA. Life Harvey was born in , and studied at , eventually obtaining a PhD ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sound Recording And Reproduction
Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Sound recording is the transcription of invisible vibrations in air onto a storage medium such as a phonograph disc. The process is reversed in sound reproduction, and the variations stored on the medium are transformed back into sound waves. Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a microphone diaphragm that senses changes in atmospheric pressure caused by acoustic sound waves and records them as a mechanical representation of the sound waves on a medium such as a phonograph record (in which a stylus cuts grooves on a record). In magnetic tape recording, the sound waves vibrate the microphone diaphragm and are converted into a varying electric current, which is then converted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larry Austin
Larry Don Austin (September 12, 1930 – December 30, 2018) was an American composer noted for his electronic and computer music works. He was a co-founder and editor of the avant-garde music periodical '' Source: Music of the Avant Garde''. Austin gained additional international recognition when he realized a completion of Charles Ives's '' Universe Symphony''. Austin served as the president of the International Computer Music Association (ICMA) from 1990 to 1994 and served on the board of directors of the ICMA from 1984 to 1988 and from 1990 to 1998. Early life Austin was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. He received a bachelor's (Music Education, 1951) and master's degree (Music, 1952) from University of North Texas College of Music. In 1955 he studied at Mills College, and from 1955 to 1958 he engaged in graduate study at the University of California, Berkeley, leaving to accept a faculty position at the University of California, Davis. Austin studied with Canadian composer Violet Arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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