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Neurosexism
Neurosexism is an alleged bias in the neuroscience of sex differences towards reinforcing harmful gender stereotypes. The term was coined by feminist scholar Cordelia Fine in a 2008 article and popularised by her 2010 book ''Delusions of Gender''. The concept is now widely used by critics of the neuroscience of sex differences in neuroscience, neuroethics and philosophy. Definition Neuroscientist Gina Rippon defines neurosexism as follows: Neurosexism' is the practice of claiming that there are fixed differences between female and male brains, which can explain women’s inferiority or unsuitability for certain roles." For example, "this includes things such as men being more logical and women being better at languages or nurturing." Fine and Rippon, along with Daphna Joel, state that "the point of critical enquiry is not to deny differences between the sexes, but to ensure a full understanding of the findings and meaning of any particular report." Many of the issues they discus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuroscience Of Sex Differences
The neuroscience of sex differences is the study of characteristics that separate the male and female brain. Psychological sex differences are thought by some to reflect the interaction of genes, hormones, and social learning on brain development throughout the lifespan. A 2021 meta-synthesis of existing literature found that sex accounted for 1% of the brain's structure or laterality, finding large group-level differences only in total brain volume. A review from 2006 and a meta-analysis from 2014 found that some evidence from brain morphology and function studies indicates that male and female brains cannot always be assumed to be identical from either a structural or functional perspective, and some brain structures are sexually dimorphic. History The ideas of differences between the male and female brain have circulated since the time of Ancient Greek philosophers around 850 BC. In 1854, German anatomist Emil Huschke discovered a size difference in the frontal lobe, where ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Baron-Cohen
Sir Simon Philip Baron-Cohen (born 15 August 1958) is a British clinical psychologist and professor of developmental psychopathology at the University of Cambridge. He is the director of the university's Autism Research Centre and a Fellow of Trinity College. In 1985, Baron-Cohen formulated the mind-blindness theory of autism, the evidence for which he collated and published in 1995. In 1997, he formulated the foetal sex steroid theory of autism, the key test of which was published in 2015. He has also made major contributions to the fields of typical cognitive sex differences, autism prevalence and screening, autism genetics, autism neuroimaging, autism and technical ability, and synaesthesia. Baron-Cohen was knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to autistic people. Early life and education Baron-Cohen was born into a middle-class Jewish family in London. He has an elder brother Dan Baron Cohen and three younger siblings, brother Ash Baron-Cohen and sisters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delusions Of Gender
''Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference'' is a 2010 book by Cordelia Fine, written to debunk the idea that men and women are hardwired with different interests. The author criticizes claimed evidence of the existence of innate biological differences between men and women's minds as being faulty and exaggerated, and while taking a position of agnosticism with respect to inherent differences relating to interest/skill in "understanding the world" versus "understanding people", reviews literature demonstrating how cultural and societal beliefs contribute to sex differences. Contents In the first part of the book, "'Half Changed World', Half Changed Minds", Fine argues that social and environmental factors strongly influence the mind, challenging a 'biology as fallback' view that, since society is equal now for the sexes, persistent inequalities must be due to biology. She also discusses the history and impact of gender stereotypes and the ways ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordelia Fine
Cordelia Fine (born 1975) is a Canadian-born British philosopher of science, psychologist and writer. She is a full professor of history and philosophy of science at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Fine has written three popular science books on the topics of social cognition, neuroscience, and the popular myths of sex differences. Her latest book, '' Testosterone Rex'', won the Royal Society Science Book Prize, 2017. She has authored several academic book chapters and numerous academic publications. Fine is also noted for coining the term 'neurosexism'. As a science communicator, Fine has given many public and keynote lectures across the education, business, academic and public sectors. Fine has also written for ''The New York Times'', ''Scientific American'', ''New Scientist'', ''The Psychologist'', ''The Guardian'', and ''The Monthly'', among others, and has reviewed books for the ''Financial Times'' and ''The Wall Street Journal''. * * * * * * * * * In April 2018 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gina Rippon
Gina Rippon (born 1950) is a British neurobiologist and feminist. She is a professor emeritus of cognitive neuroimaging at the Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham. Rippon has also sat on the editorial board of the '' International Journal of Psychophysiology''. In 2019, Rippon published her book, ''Gendered Brain: The New Neuroscience that Shatters the Myth of the Female Brain'', which investigates the role of life experiences and biology in brain development. Career Researcher Rippon gained her PhD in 1982 in physiological psychology and then focused on brain processes and schizophrenia. Rippon's research applies brain imaging techniques, particularly electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), and uses cognitive neuroscience paradigms to study normal and abnormal cognitive processes. Her work has also focused on Autistic Spectrum Disorders and to developmental dyslexia. ''Gendered Brain'' In 2019, Rippon released her book, ''Gendered Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daphna Joel
Daphna Joel (Hebrew: דפנה יואל; born January 20, 1967) is an Israeli neuroscientist and advocate for "neurofeminism". She is best known for her research which claims that there is no such thing as a "male brain" or a "female brain". Joel's research has been criticized by other neuroscientists who argue that male and female brains, on average, show distinct differences and can be classified with a high level of accuracy. Joel is a member of The NeuroGenderings Network, an international group of researchers in gender studies and neuroscience. They are critical of what they call neurosexism in the scientific community. Joel has given lectures on her work in both scientific and lay conventions around the world. Since 2003, Joel has served as the head of the psychobiology department at Tel Aviv University, and in 2013 was appointed chair of the PhD committee of the School of Psychological Sciences. Academic career Joel began her academic career during her compulsory militar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebecca Jordan-Young
Rebecca M. Jordan-Young (born 1963), is an American feminist scientist and gender studies scholar. Her research focuses on social medical science, sex, gender, sexuality, and epidemiology. She is an Associate Professor of Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Barnard College. Life and career Jordan-Young completed her undergraduate work at Bryn Mawr College, receiving her bachelor's degree in political science. She earned her master's degree and Ph.D. from Columbia University. Jordan-Young was a principal investigator and deputy director of the Social Theory Core at the Center for Drug Use and HIV Research of the National Development and Research Institutes. She has served as a health disparities scholar sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. In 2008, Jordan-Young was a visiting scholar in cognitive neuroscience at the International School for Advanced Studies.Johnson, Jane'a; McLean, Lindsey (December 1, 2011)New Directions in Gender and Sexuality Studies: Gayat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Implicit Stereotype
In social identity theory, an implicit bias or implicit stereotype, is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. Individuals' perceptions and behaviors can be influenced by the implicit stereotypes they hold, even if they are ''sometimes'' unaware they hold such stereotypes. Implicit bias is an aspect of implicit social cognition: the phenomenon that perceptions, attitudes, and stereotypes can operate prior to conscious intention or endorsement. The existence of implicit bias is supported by a variety of scientific articles in psychological literature. Implicit stereotype was first defined by psychologists Mahzarin Banaji and Anthony Greenwald in 1995. Explicit stereotypes, by contrast, are consciously endorsed, intentional, and sometimes c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Psychologist (magazine)
''The Psychologist'' is the monthly publication of the British Psychological Society. It provides a forum for communication, discussion and controversy among all members of the society and helps it promote the advancement and diffusion of a knowledge of psychology, pure and applied. ''The Psychologist'' is read by more than 50,000 members in print, and many non-members read the online version. It was launched in 1988, incorporating the existing ''Bulletin of the British Psychological Society''. The 2016 issues are volume 29. Dr Jon Sutton, who joined the Society in March 2000, from a psychology lectureship at Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow Caledonian University ( gd, Oilthigh Chailleannach Ghlaschu, ), informally GCU, Caledonian or Caley, is a public university in Glasgow, Scotland. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of The Queen's College, Glasgow (founded in 1875) and G ..., is the Managing Editor. Notes External links * 1988 establishments in the United Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underrepresented Group
An underrepresented group describes a subset of a population that holds a smaller percentage within a significant subgroup than the subset holds in the general population. Specific characteristics of an underrepresented group vary depending on the subgroup being considered. Underrepresented groups in STEM United States Underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in the United States include women and some minorities. In the United States, women made up 50% of the college-educated workers in 2010, but only 28% of the science and engineering workers. Other underrepresented groups in science and engineering included African Americans, Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, and Hispanics, who collectively formed 26% of the population, but accounted for only 10% of the science and engineering workers. This 2015 study found that women make up just 26% of the computing workforce and 12% of the engineering workforce; African American, Hispanic, and N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susan Pinker
Susan Pinker is a psychologist, author and social science columnist for ''The Wall Street Journal''. She is a former weekly columnist for ''The Globe and Mail'', and has also written for ''The New York Times'', ''The Guardian'', and ''The Times of London''. Her first book, '' The Sexual Paradox'', was awarded the William James Book Award in 2010 and was published in 17 countries. Her recent book, ''The Village Effect'' was a Canadian bestseller and an Apple 2014 nonfiction best pick. Her work has been featured in ''The Economist'', ''The Financial Times'', and ''Der Spiegel''. Career She spent 25 years in clinical practice and teaching psychology, first at Dawson College, then at McGill University. Pinker writes about new findings in behavioral science in the Mind and Matter column, which appears Saturdays in the ''Wall Street Journal''. Her ''Globe and Mail'' columns, Problem Solving and the Business Brain, applied the latest evidence from the fields of neuroscience, behavioral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
