|
Minimum Metal Mine
A minimum metal mine is a land mine that is designed to use the smallest amount of metal possible in its construction. Typically, the only metal components are located inside the fuze mechanism which triggers detonation. Both minimum metal Anti-tank mine, anti-tank and anti-personnel mines exist. Some designs contain virtually no metal at all, e.g., less than a gram. This is achieved by encasing the explosive charge in a plastic, wooden, or glass body, with metallic components limited to the few small parts in the fuze which can not easily be made from other materials, such as the spring, striker tip, and shear pin. Minimum metal mines are extremely difficult to detect using conventional metal detector, metal mine detectors and usually require modern techniques, such as robotic ''Multi Period Sensing'' (MPS) equipment, to identify, but it is still extremely difficult to find non-metallic mines. These techniques are usually restricted to well-funded international mine clearing organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M19 Anti-tank Mine
M19, M.19, or M-19 most commonly refers to: * May 19th Communist Organization (M19), an American far-left female-led terrorist group active during the 1970s–1980s * 19th of April Movement (M-19), a former Colombian guerrilla movement and political party 1970–1990 M19, M.19, or M-19 may also refer to: In science: * Messier 19 (M19), a globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus In transportation: * M-19 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan * M19 (East London), a Metropolitan Route in East London, South Africa * M19 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa * M19 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa * M19 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa * M19 (Durban), a Metropolitan Route in Durban, South Africa * M19 (Bloemfontein), a Metropolitan Route in Bloemfontein, South Africa * M19 (Port Elizabeth), a Metropolitan Route in Port Elizabeth, South Africa * M19 Road (Zambia), a short road in Zambia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M19 Mine
The M19 is a large square plastic cased United States anti-tank blast mine. Intended to replace the M15 mine, the design dates from the mid-1960s and contains only two metal components: the copper detonator capsule and a stainless steel firing pin which weighs 2.86 grams. It is a minimum metal mine, which makes it very difficult to detect after it has been emplaced. This mine is produced under licence in Chile, South Korea and Turkey. A copy is produced in Iran. It is found in Afghanistan, Angola, Chad, Chile, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, the Western Sahara, and Zambia. U.S. stocks of the mine were approximately 74,000 before the 1990 Gulf war and had fallen to 63,000 by 2002.http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d021003.pdf An inert version of the mine intended for training purposes (called the M80) is also produced. Description The plastic casing of the mine is usually dark olive green, and has a large central fuze well. Normally it has a carrying handle on one sid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vial
A vial (also known as a phial or flacon) is a small glass or plastic vessel or bottle, often used to store medication as liquids, powders or capsules. They can also be used as scientific sample vessels; for instance, in autosampler devices in analytical chromatography. Vial-like glass containers date back to classical antiquity; modern vials are often made of plastics such as polypropylene. There are different types of vials such as a single dose vial and multi-dose vials often used for medications. The single dose vial is only used once whereas a multi-dose vial can be used more than once. The CDC sets specific guidelines on multi-dose vials. History and etymology A vial can be tubular, or have a bottle-like shape with a neck. The volume defined by the neck is known as the headspace. The English word "vial" is derived from the Greek ''phiale'', meaning "a broad flat container". Comparable terms include the Latin ''phiala'', Late Latin ''fiola'' and Middle English ''fiole'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TS-50 Mine
The TS-50 is a diameter circular Italian blast resistant minimum metal anti-personnel mine designed and produced by Valsella Meccanotecnica (Italy). Description The mine has a ribbed plastic case which is olive green, brown or sand colored. The mine has a central raised pressure pad on the top surface of the mine, but is designed to operate even with the mine upside down. Pressure on the mine forces air through a diaphragm into a small rubber air bag, which inflates. As the bag inflates it pushes a shutter, which in turn removes the striker retaining lug. The striker is free to impact the detonator. The mine requires a constant pressure of approximately 2 to 5 kg (5 to 11 lbs) for an average of 0.11 seconds before the fuze will detonate. This allows the mine to be laid in a high density pattern without the shock of a detonation impacting the nearby mines. The design of the TS-50's fuze gives it a large degree of resistance to explosive overpressure clearance techniques, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SB-33 Mine
The SB-33 is a small Italian minimum metal blast type anti-personnel mine formerly manufactured by '' Misar'', that entered service in 1977. The SB-33 can be emplaced by hand or scattered using the helicopter mounted SY-AT system. The body of the mine is made of two glass reinforced polycarbonate halves, with the top surface having a central neoprene pressure pad. The body has an irregular shape to make the mine harder to distinguish on the ground. To arm an SB-33, a small pin is removed from the side of the mine. After the mine has been armed, gradual pressure on the pressure plate (i.e. when the victim steps on it) rotates a locking collar until the striker is released, which flips into a stab-detonator and the mine explodes. However, sudden pressure (e.g. from a mine-clearing charge) causes the striker to lock the rotating collar in position for the duration of the pressure, preventing the mine from detonating. The combination of low metal content and resistance to overpressur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SB-81 Mine
The SB-81 is an Italian plastic cased minimum metal anti-tank blast mine dating from the early 1980s. The mine uses an air pressure based fuze, which gives it protection against overpressure and blast. It can therefore be regarded as a blast resistant mine. The mine can be scattered by hand or by mine laying systems. The mine is found in the Falkland Islands and the Western Sahara. An electronically fuzed version of this mine (the SB-81/AR-AN) was also produced which featured an integral anti-handling device plus self-destruct capability. Specifications * Weight: 3.3 kg * Explosive content: 2.2 kg of (84% TNT, 15% RDX, 1% HMX) * Diameter: 230 mm * Height: 90 mm * Operating pressure: 150 to 310 kg Variants * YM-II - This is an Iranian copy of the mine, its specifications are slightly different from the SB-81 - it weighs 3.2 kg and has a main charge of 2 kg of Composition B. It is produced in olive green or sand coloured ABS plastic and is found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VS-MK2 Mine
{{One source, date=August 2013 The VS-MK-2 is a plastic bodied scatterable anti-personnel blast mine manufactured by the now-defunct Valsella Meccanotecnica, SpA, an Italian high-tech defence contractor that specialized in the development and production of area denial systems. The mine is extremely difficult to detect because of its low metal content i.e. it is a minimum metal mine. Additionally, it is resistant to blast overpressure due to a pneumatic system in the fuze. The mine will also function in up to 1 metre of water. An electrically fused anti-handling version of the mine was also produced designated VS-MK-2-EL, VS-MK-2-E or VS-MK2 AR-AN to hinder clearance attempts. Although Italy has ceased production of this mine it may still be found in uncleared minefields located in Angola, Sudan and the Western Sahara. Description The mine is circular and normally olive green or sand colored. The top of the mine has a black neoprene plunger/pressure plate, which rests on a small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valsella Meccanotecnica
Valsella Meccanotecnica SpA (also known as Valsella) was one of Italy's largest manufacturers of land mines. The Company's headquarters initially were in Montichiari. It had two production plants in Castenedolo near Brescia, Italy. The three companies of Valsella, Tecnovar Italiana SpA, and Misar SpA (both the latter started by former Valsella employees) together were the centre of Italian mine production. Valsella ceased production of mines in 1994 due to the Italian Government's moratorium on production of anti-personnel mines. In 1999, prior to bankruptcy, it moved to complete civil production of engineering and vehicle projects. It ceased to be a separate company in 2005. History The beginning Valsella was formed in 1969–1970 by Brescia-based entrepreneurs, Francesco Rena and Antonio De Cristofano, with ties to the Italian Ministry of Defence and the Redon Trust, a Schaan, Liechtenstein, based company of which one of the Valsella founders, Cristofano, was an attorney. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottawa Treaty
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction of 1997, known informally as the Ottawa Treaty, the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, or often simply the Mine Ban Treaty, aims at eliminating anti-personnel mine, anti-personnel landmines (AP-mines) around the world. To date, there are 164 state parties to the treaty. One state (the Marshall Islands) has signed but not ratified the treaty, while List of parties to the Ottawa Treaty#Non-signatory states, 32 UN states, including China, Russia, and the United States have not; making a total of 33 United Nations states not party. Chronology Early action and draft Conventions 1994 self-imposed moratorium on sales of mines dated 15th March 1994 1995 legislation passed on the 3rd of March 1995 to ban the production and export of all landmines this decision was to be reviewed after 5 years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VS-50 Mine
The VS-50 is a circular plastic-cased anti-personnel blast mine that entered production in 1985. It was formerly made by the now-defunct Valsella Meccanotecnica SpA, an Italian high-tech defence company specialized in area denial systems. The company also the made the Valmara 69, and was one of the first to implement plastic construction for landmines. The VS-50's design is similar to that of the TS-50 and VS-MK2 mines. It is blast resistant and can be used in a minimum metal configuration. Though unlikely to kill, its explosive charge is quite sufficient to destroy the victim's foot, being capable of penetrating 5 mm of mild steel leaving an 80 mm-diameter hole. Description The mine consists of three sections, a bottom section containing the main explosive charge, a middle section which contains the fuze and safety/arming mechanism, and the top section which consists of a neoprene pressure pad. The neoprene pressure pad is sometimes reinforced with an 18 gram mild s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PMA-3 Mine
The PMA-3 is a Yugoslavian blast resistant minimum metal anti-personnel mine. It is circular, consisting of a plastic upper and lower half joined together by a rubber cover. A safety collar is normally wrapped around the outside of the mine, preventing the upper half of the mine tilting when in transit. Once deployed the safety collar is removed. Sufficient pressure on the top surface of the mine causes it to tilt. The tilting drives a pin through a friction sensitive pyrotechnic compound, which fires the detonator and then the main explosive charge. Straight downward pressure does not have the shearing component needed to trigger the mine, this gives the mine blast resistance, since blast overpressure bears down evenly on the top surface of the mine. The mine has a relatively low explosive content, so will maim rather than kill. Its blast resistance combined with the lack of metal in the mine make it extremely difficult to clear. PMA-3 mines can be found in minefields in Alban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
