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Maternal Feminism
Maternal feminism is the belief of many early feminists that women as mothers and caregivers had an important but distinctive role to play in society and in politics. It incorporates reform ideas from social feminism, and combines the concepts of maternalism and feminism. It was a widespread philosophy among well-to-do women in the British Empire, particularly Canada, from the late 19th century until after World War I (1914–18). The concept was attacked by later feminists as accepting the paternalist view of society and providing an excuse for inequality. Early years Christina Hoff Sommers, a critic of late 20th century feminism, has defined maternal feminism as a "recognition that the sexes are equal but different." Sommers contrasts the "egalitarian feminism" of Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) to the maternal feminism of Hannah More (1745–1833). Wollstonecraft thought, "men and women were essentially the same in their spirits and souls, deserving of the same rights." A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Weston Wrigley
George Weston Wrigley (1847–1907) was a Canadian journalist and social reformer. He was a believer in the Social Gospel and was an opponent of industrial capitalism, which he blamed for many social ills. He was the editor of several newspapers that promoted reform in the later part of the 19th century. Early years George Weston Wrigley was born on 24 June 1847 in Wrigley Corners near Galt, Upper Canada. His parents were Sylvanus Wrigley and Isabella Stoddard. He was educated in local schools and became a teacher in Brant and Waterloo counties. He was promoted to school principal, working in London (Ontario) and Wallaceburg schools. Wrigley became a journalist in the early 1880s. He was editor in turn of the ''Wallaceburg Valley Record'' and the ''Drumbo Record''. Wrigley's parents were Presbyterian, but his views evolved to a more liberal, Social Gospel position. Wrigley was Anglican. His wife Sarah bore him three sons. At least one of them, G. Weston Wrigley, worked with h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness Of Aberdeen And Temair
Ishbel Maria Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair, ('' née'' Isabel Maria Marjoribanks; 15 March 1857 – 18 April 1939) was a British author, philanthropist, and an advocate of women's interests. As the wife of John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair, she was viceregal consort of Canada from 1893 to 1898 and of Ireland from 1906 to 1915. Early life Born in London, Isabel Maria Marjoribanks was the third daughter of the 1st Baron Tweedmouth and Isabella Weir-Hogg (daughter of Sir James Weir Hogg). A sometimes "anxious" child, she had enjoyed escaping to the mansion her father had built admist the "rugged splendour of Glen Affric" in the Scottish Highlands. She received a well-rounded education in English, French, mathematics, history, and geography, and was such a good student that her teacher recommended she attend college. However, Lady Aberdeen's father shared the widely held opinion that university was no place for a woman. Instead, her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helene Stöcker
Helene Stöcker (13 November 1869 – 24 February 1943) was a German feminist, pacifist and gender activist. She successfully campaigned keep same sex relationships between women legal, but she was unsuccessful in her campaign to legalise abortion. She was a pacifist in Germany. As war emerged she fled to Norway and as that was invaded she moved to Japan and emigrated to America in 1942. Life Born in Wuppertal, Stöcker was raised in a Calvinist household and attended a school for girls which emphasised rationality and morality. She moved to Berlin to continue her education and then she studied at the University of Bern, where she became one of the first German women to receive her doctorate. In 1905 she helped found the League for the Protection of Mothers (''Bund für Mutterschutz'', BfM), and she became the editor of the organisation's magazine ''Mutterschutz'' (1905–1908) and then ''Die Neue Generation'' (1906–1932). In 1909, she joined Magnus Hirschfeld in successfully ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Pappritz
Anna Pappritz (9 May 1861 – 8 July 1939) was a German writer and suffragist. She was one of the leaders of the German branch of the International Abolitionist Federation, which sought to abolish regulations and criminal laws directed against prostitutes, and proposed instead to eliminate prostitution through moral education of young men and women, and through providing alternative ways by which young women could earn a living. Pappritz became one of the most prominent members of the women's movement in Germany. Early years Anna Pappritz was born in Radach, Drossen, Neumark on 9 May 1861 to a Protestant family from Dresden. Her father was a landowner, and she grew up on the Radach estate at Drossen. She was the only girl in the family, but had three brothers who were educated at the ''Klosterschule'' in Rossleben and then went to university. Anna was given sufficient education at home by governesses and the local pastor for a future career as a wife and mother. As a girl she wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanna Bieber-Böhm
Hanna Bieber-Böhm (6 February 1851 – 15 April 1910) was a German feminist and pioneer of social work. She established an organization to assist young women seeking work in Berlin and help protect them from becoming prostitutes, and founded a recreation home for women where they could also be trained in housework and gardening. She was in favor of combating prostitution through strong laws penalizing the clients of prostitutes. Early life Hanna Elmire Flora Böhm was born in Glaubitten, East Prussia, on 6 February 1851. She was the eldest of eight children of the landowner Otto Böhm and his wife Bertha. Her mother died in 1870, and Hanna had to assume the maternal role. After her father married again in 1874 she became free to devote herself to art. Hanna Böhm went to Berlin to study painting, and would practice this art for the rest of her life. Her early work includes portraits of her family and views of the family house in Glaubitten. She traveled to study art in Italy, Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellen Key
Ellen Karolina Sofia Key (; 11 December 1849 – 25 April 1926) was a Swedish difference feminist writer on many subjects in the fields of family life, ethics and education and was an important figure in the Modern Breakthrough movement. She was an early advocate of a child-centered approach to education and parenting, and was also a suffragist. She is best known for her book on education (1900), which was translated into English in 1909 as ''The Century of the Child''. Biography Early life Ellen Key was born at Sundsholm mansion in Småland, Sweden, on 11 December 1849. Her father was Emil Key, the founder of the Swedish Agrarian Party and a frequent contributor to the Swedish newspaper ''Aftonposten''. Her mother was Sophie Posse Key, who was born into an aristocratic family from the southernmost part of Skåne County. Emil bought Sundsholm at the time of his wedding; twenty years later he sold it for financial reasons. Key was mostly educated at home, where her mother taug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Salvation Army
The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant church and an international charitable organisation headquartered in London, England. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their "physical and spiritual needs". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries. The theology of the Salvation Army is derived from Methodism, although it is distinctive in institution and practice. A distinctive characteristic of the Salvation Army is its use of titles derived from military ranks, such as "lieutenant" or "major". It does not celebrate the rites of Baptism and Holy Communion. However, the Army's doctrine is otherwise typical of holiness churches in the Wesleyan–Arminian tradition. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Fry Society
The Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies (CAEFS) is an association of groups operating under the Elizabeth Fry Society banner, similar in many respects to the John Howard Society. The Elizabeth Fry Society groups work on issues affecting women, girls and gender diverse people in the justice system. The societies take their name from prison reformer Elizabeth Fry. The organization was started in 1969, with formal incorporation as a non-profit organization occurring in 1978. They help women, girls and gender diverse people to re-integrate into society when they have been in prison or otherwise affected by the criminal justice system. They work independently from the government. The original Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada was founded in 1939 by Member of Parliament Agnes Macphail. The current Executive Director of CAEFS is Emilie Coyle. The Elizabeth Fry Society has also assisted women and gender diverse people who face criminal proceedings. They have had intervenor stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Ishbel Aberdeen 1899 IIAV 15541
The word ''lady'' is a term for a girl or woman, with various connotations. Once used to describe only women of a high social class or status, the equivalent of lord, now it may refer to any adult woman, as gentleman can be used for men. Informal use is sometimes euphemistic ("lady of the night" for prostitute) or, in American slang, condescending in direct address (equivalent to "mister" or "man"). "Lady" is also a formal title in the United Kingdom. "Lady" is used before the family name of a woman with a title of nobility or honorary title ''suo jure'' (in her own right), or the wife of a lord, a baronet, Scottish feudal baron, laird, or a knight, and also before the first name of the daughter of a duke, marquess, or earl. Etymology The word comes from Old English '; the first part of the word is a mutated form of ', "loaf, bread", also seen in the corresponding ', "lord". The second part is usually taken to be from the root ''dig-'', "to knead", seen also in dough; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Henderson
Rose Henderson (1871–1937) was a Canadian political activist and social reformer. Personal life Rose Mary Louise Wills was born on 14 December 1871 in Dublin, Ireland to middle-class parents of English ancestry. She moved to Canada in 1885 as a teenager. She married Charles Henderson, though the date and location of the marriage are unknown. The couple had a daughter, Ida, who was born in 1890 in Quebec. Rose's husband, Charles, died at Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal in January 1904. There is no evidence showing that Henderson was politically active before her husband's death. In 1911 Henderson converted to the Baháʼí Faith. Political career After Charles's death, Rose Henderson became an activist and social reformer on behalf of Montreal's working class districts. In 1912 Henderson was appointed as a probation officer for the juvenile court. She unsuccessfully ran for Parliament of Canada in 1921 and 1925. She was a member of the Women's International League for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gertrude Richardson
Gertrude Richardson (born Gertrude Matilda Twilley; 1875–1946) was an English-born pacifist, feminist and socialist who was prominent in the fight for women's rights in Manitoba, Canada before World War I (1914–18). During the war she became disillusioned with the women's movement, since many of its members supported the fighting. She suffered from recurrent physical and mental illness after the war, and ended her life in a mental hospital. Early years Gertrude Matilda Twilley was born in Leicester, England in 1875 to a working-class family. She married, but was abandoned by her husband within a year. The marriage was never consummated, but was also never annulled or invalidated. Her family was involved in the peace movement during the Second Boer War (1899–1902). Gertrude collected petitions and gave out anti-war literature for the Stop the War Committee. She had poor health, and the stress of the war and the death of her father seem to have contributed to a nervous break ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
