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Maqāmāt
''Maqāmah'' (مقامة, pl. ''maqāmāt'', مقامات, literally "assemblies") are an (originally) Arabic Prosimetrum, prosimetric literary genre which alternates the Arabic rhymed prose known as ''Saj', Saj‘'' with intervals of poetry in which rhetorical extravagance is conspicuous. There are only eleven illustrated versions of the ''Maqāmāt'' from the 13 and the 14th centuries that survive to this day. Four of these currently reside in the British Library in London, while three are in Paris at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (including the Al-Hariri of Basra, al-Harīrī's ''Maqāmāt''). One copy is at the following libraries: the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the Süleymaniye Library, Suleymaniye Library in Istanbul, the Austrian National Library, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. Those ''Maqāmāt'' manuscripts were likely created and illustrated for the specialized book markets in cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hariri Of Basra
Abū Muhammad al-Qāsim ibn Alī ibn Muhammad ibn Uthmān al-Harīrī ( ar, أبو محمد القاسم بن علي بن محمد بن عثمان الحريري), popularly known as al-Hariri of Basra (1054 – 10 September 1122) was an Arab poet, scholar of the Arabic language and a high government official of the Seljuks. He is known for his ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' (also known as the ‘'Assemblies of Hariri'’), a collection of some 50 stories written in the ''Maqama'' style, a mix of verse and literary prose. For more than eight centuries, Al-Hariri's best known work, his ''Maqamat'' has been regarded as one of the greatest treasure in Arabic literature after the Koran and the Pre-Islamic poetic canons. Although the maqamat did not originate with al-Hariri, he elevated the genre to an art form. Biography Al-Hariri was born 446 AH (1054 AD) and died in his native city of Basra on 6 Rajab, AH 516 (10 September, 1122 AD). Although his place of birth is uncertain, scholars sugge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hariri Of Basra
Abū Muhammad al-Qāsim ibn Alī ibn Muhammad ibn Uthmān al-Harīrī ( ar, أبو محمد القاسم بن علي بن محمد بن عثمان الحريري), popularly known as al-Hariri of Basra (1054 – 10 September 1122) was an Arab poet, scholar of the Arabic language and a high government official of the Seljuks. He is known for his ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' (also known as the ‘'Assemblies of Hariri'’), a collection of some 50 stories written in the ''Maqama'' style, a mix of verse and literary prose. For more than eight centuries, Al-Hariri's best known work, his ''Maqamat'' has been regarded as one of the greatest treasure in Arabic literature after the Koran and the Pre-Islamic poetic canons. Although the maqamat did not originate with al-Hariri, he elevated the genre to an art form. Biography Al-Hariri was born 446 AH (1054 AD) and died in his native city of Basra on 6 Rajab, AH 516 (10 September, 1122 AD). Although his place of birth is uncertain, scholars sugge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Nāqiyā
Ibn Nāqiyā al-Baghdādī ( ar, ابن ناقيا البغدادي, full name ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwūd Ibn Nāqiyā, born 15 March 1020 in Baghdad, died in the same place 15 February 1092) was a noted Arabic-language litteratus. Life Ibn Nāqiyā spent his childhood in a district of Baghdad previously occupied by the palaces of the Tahirids and their outbuildings.J.-C. Vadet, "Ibn Nāḳiyā", in ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn (Leiden: Brill, 1954–2005), . Apparently he did not travel much, and his only known patron was one Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Shahrazūrī. The city was considered one of the most important and interesting cities in the world at the time, populated by philosophers, artists, free spirits and merchants — a milieu that is also reflected in Ibn Nāqiyā's works.Ibn Naqiya, Moscheen, Wein und böse Geister: Die zehn Verwandlungen des Bettlers al-Yaschkuri', trans. by Stefan Wild, Neue Orie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Harīrī
Abū Muhammad al-Qāsim ibn Alī ibn Muhammad ibn Uthmān al-Harīrī ( ar, أبو محمد القاسم بن علي بن محمد بن عثمان الحريري), popularly known as al-Hariri of Basra (1054 – 10 September 1122) was an Arab poet, scholar of the Arabic language and a high government official of the Seljuks. He is known for his ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' (also known as the ‘'Assemblies of Hariri'’), a collection of some 50 stories written in the ''Maqama'' style, a mix of verse and literary prose. For more than eight centuries, Al-Hariri's best known work, his ''Maqamat'' has been regarded as one of the greatest treasure in Arabic literature after the Koran and the Pre-Islamic poetic canons. Although the maqamat did not originate with al-Hariri, he elevated the genre to an art form. Biography Al-Hariri was born 446 AH (1054 AD) and died in his native city of Basra on 6 Rajab, AH 516 (10 September, 1122 AD). Although his place of birth is uncertain, scholars sugge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maqamat Badi' Az-Zaman Al-Hamadhani
''Maqamat Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadhani'' (Arabic: مقامات بديع الزمان الهمذاني), are an Arabic collection of stories from the 9th century, written by Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani. Of the 400 episodic stories, roughly 52 have survived. Description The work consists of a series of anecdotes of social satire written and the narrative concerns the travels of a middle-aged man as he uses his charm and eloquence to swindle his way across the Arabic world. The work is characterized by the alternation of rhymed prose (sajʿ) and poetry. They are narrated from the point of view of a fictitious character, 'very likely a traveling merchant who has money and time', ʿĪsā ibn Hishām, about the adventures of an eloquent beggar named Abū al-Fatḥ al-Iskandarī'. The Maqamat are also known for their intertextuality and narrative construction. According to Ailin Qian, The core of the Hamadhānian ''maqāmah'' is dialogue, and al-Hamadhānī, by using techniques such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (, or , ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanite branch of Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea. The term "Hebrew" (''ivrit'') was not used for the language in the Bible, which was referred to as (''sefat kena'an'', i.e. language of Canaan) or (''Yehudit'', i.e. Judaean), but the name was used in Ancient Greek and Mishnaic Hebrew texts. The Hebrew language is attested in inscriptions from about the 10th century BCE, and spoken Hebrew persisted through and beyond the Second Temple period, which ended in the siege of Jerusalem (70 CE). It eventually developed into Mishnaic Hebrew, spoken up until the fifth century CE. Biblical Hebrew as recorded in the Hebrew Bible reflects various stages of the Hebrew language in its consonantal skeleton, as well as a vocalization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badī' Al-Zaman Al-Hamadhāni
Badi' al-Zamān al-Hamadāni or al-Hamadhāni ( ar, بديع الزمان الهمذاني التغلبي; 969–1007) was a medieval Arab man of letters born in Hamadan, Iran. He is best known for his work the ''Maqamat Badi' az-Zaman al-Hamadhani'', a collection of 52 episodic stories of a rogue, Abu al-Fath al-Iskandari, as recounted by a narrator, 'Isa b. Hisham. His Arabic name translates into "The Wonder of the Age". Life Very little is known about Al-Hamadani’s early life and primary sources are very limited. The main biographical account comes from the Persian scholar, ath-Thalibi, and most later biographies are derived from that. According to al-Hamadani’s own account, he was of Arabic descent and his family had some education, but scholars have disputed these bare facts. He was probably born and educated in Hamadan, Iran. More is known about Al-Hamadani’s adult life. In 380/990, al-Hamadhani, then aged 22, left his native city and began travelling to the vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trickster
In mythology and the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a character in a story (god, goddess, spirit, human or anthropomorphisation) who exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge and uses it to play tricks or otherwise disobey normal rules and defy conventional behavior. Mythology Tricksters, as archetypal characters, appear in the myths of many different cultures. Lewis Hyde describes the trickster as a "boundary-crosser".Hyde, Lewis. ''Trickster Makes This World: Mischief, Myth, and Art''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998. The trickster crosses and often breaks both physical and societal rules: Tricksters "violate principles of social and natural order, playfully disrupting normal life and then re-establishing it on a new basis." Often, this bending or breaking of rules takes the form of tricks or thievery. Tricksters can be cunning or foolish or both. The trickster openly questions, disrupts or mocks authority. Many cultures have tales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Poetry
Arabic poetry ( ar, الشعر العربي ''ash-shi‘ru al-‘Arabīyyu'') is the earliest form of Arabic literature. Present knowledge of poetry in Arabic dates from the 6th century, but oral poetry is believed to predate that. Arabic poetry is categorized into two main types, rhymed or measured, and prose, with the former greatly preceding the latter. The rhymed poetry falls within fifteen different meters collected and explained by al-Farahidi in ''The Science of ‘ Arud''. Al-Akhfash, a student of al-Farahidi, later added one more meter to make them sixteen. The meters of the rhythmical poetry are known in Arabic as "seas" (''buḥūr''). The measuring unit of seas is known as "''taf‘īlah''," and every sea contains a certain number of taf'ilas which the poet has to observe in every verse (''bayt'') of the poem. The measuring procedure of a poem is very rigorous. Sometimes adding or removing a consonant or a vowel can shift the ''bayt'' from one meter to another. Also, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Jahiz
Abū ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al-Baṣrī ( ar, أبو عثمان عمرو بن بحر الكناني البصري), commonly known as al-Jāḥiẓ ( ar, links=no, الجاحظ, ''The Bug Eyed'', born 776 – died December 868/January 869) was a prose writer and author of works of literature, theology, zoology, and politico-religious polemics. He described himself as a member of the Arabian tribe Banu Kinanah. A thousand years before Darwin, Al-Jahiz came to the conclusion that there must be some mechanisms that influence the evolution of animals. He writes about three main mechanisms; the struggle for existence, the transformation of species into each other, and the environmental factors. He is therefore credited with outlining the principles of natural selection. Ibn al-Nadim lists nearly 140 titles attributed to Al-Jahiz, of which 75 are extant. The best known are ''Kitāb al-Ḥayawān'' (The book of Animals), a seven-part compendium on an array of subjects w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saj’
Saj‘ ( ar, سجع) is a form of rhymed prose in Arabic literature. It is named so because of its evenness or monotony, or from a fancied resemblance between its rhythm and the cooing of a dove. It is a highly artificial style of prose, characterized by a kind of rhythm as well as rhyme. Saj‘ is used in sacred literature, including parts of the ''Quran'', and in secular literature, such as the ''One Thousand and One Nights''. Saj‘ is also used in Persian literature, in works such as Saadi's partly prose, partly verse, book the Golestān, written in 1258 CE. Description It is a species of diction to which the Arabic language peculiarly lends itself, because of its structure, the mathematical precision of its manifold formations and the essential assonance of numerous derivatives from the same root supplying the connection between the sound and signification of words. ''A History of Muslim Philosophy'', Book 5 says:History of Muslim Philosophy', published by Pakistan Philos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
