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Malacoherpesviridae
''Malacoherpesviridae'' is a family of DNA viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales''. Molluscs serve as natural hosts, making members of this family the only known herpesviruses to infect invertebrates. There are currently only two species recognised in this family, both classified into separate genera. Disease associated with this family includes sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. The family name ''Malacoherpesviridae'' is derived from Greek language, Greek word 'μαλακός (malacos) meaning 'soft' and from Greek word 'μαλάκιον (malakion) meaning 'mollusc'. Taxonomy * ''Ostreavirus'' Davison et al., 2009 ** ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1'' Davison et al., 2009 – acronym: OsHV-1, common name: oyster herpesvirus, its host are bivalves (oysters) and the octopus species ''Octopus vulgaris''. * ''Aurivirus'' Savin et al., 2010, syn. ''Haliotivirus'' ** ''Haliotid herpesvirus 1'' Savin et al., 2010 – acronym: HaHV-1 or AbHV-1 (Corbeil et al., 2017, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacoherpesviridae
''Malacoherpesviridae'' is a family of DNA viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales''. Molluscs serve as natural hosts, making members of this family the only known herpesviruses to infect invertebrates. There are currently only two species recognised in this family, both classified into separate genera. Disease associated with this family includes sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. The family name ''Malacoherpesviridae'' is derived from Greek language, Greek word 'μαλακός (malacos) meaning 'soft' and from Greek word 'μαλάκιον (malakion) meaning 'mollusc'. Taxonomy * ''Ostreavirus'' Davison et al., 2009 ** ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1'' Davison et al., 2009 – acronym: OsHV-1, common name: oyster herpesvirus, its host are bivalves (oysters) and the octopus species ''Octopus vulgaris''. * ''Aurivirus'' Savin et al., 2010, syn. ''Haliotivirus'' ** ''Haliotid herpesvirus 1'' Savin et al., 2010 – acronym: HaHV-1 or AbHV-1 (Corbeil et al., 2017, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herpesvirales
The ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans caused by members of this order include cold sores, genital herpes, chickenpox, shingles, and glandular fever. ''Herpesvirales'' is the sole order in the class ''Herviviricetes'', which is the sole class in the phylum ''Peploviricota''. Virology Morphology All members of the order have a virion structure that consists of a DNA core surrounded by an icosahedral capsid composed of 12 pentavalent and 150 hexavalent capsomeres (T = 16). The capsid has a diameter of ~110 nanometers (nm) and is embedded in a proteinaceous matrix called the tegument, which in its turn is enclosed by a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope with a diameter of about 200 nm. The DNA genome is linear and double stranded, with sizes in the range 125–290 kb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostreavirus
''Ostreavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', and one of only two genera in the family ''Malacoherpesviridae''. Molluscs serve as natural hosts. There is only one species described in this genus, ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1'' (OsHV-1), commonly known as oyster herpesvirus. A disease associated with this genus is sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. Acute viral necrosis virus, which affects scallops such as ''Chlamys farreri'', appears to be a variant of ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1''.Ren W, Chen H, Renault T, Cai Y, Bai C, Wang C, Huang J (2013) Complete genome sequence of acute viral necrosis virus associated with massive mortality outbreaks in the Chinese scallop, ''Chlamys farreri''" ''Virol J'' 10(1) 110 ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1'' was subsequently detected in the common octopus (''Octopus vulgaris The common octopus (''Octopus vulgaris'') is a mollusc belonging to the class Cephalopoda. ''Octopus vulgaris'' is one of the most stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurivirus
''Aurivirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', and one of only two genera the family ''Malacoherpesviridae''. Haliotid molluscs serve as natural hosts. There is only one species described in this genus, ''Haliotid herpesvirus 1'' (AbHV-1), commonly known as abalone herpesvirus. A disease associated with this virus is acute ganglioneuritis. Discovery In 2005 there was an outbreak of acute ganglioneuritis in an Australian population of the edible gastropod mollusc, abalone (''Haliotis laevigata'' and '' H. rubra''). Potential herpesvirus particles had also been identified previously in Taiwan following mortalities in '' H. diversicolor''. Using transmission electron microscopy, herpes-like particles were observed in ganglia of affected abalone and purified virions from moribund Moribund refers to a literal or figurative state near death. Moribund may refer to: * ''Moribund'' (album), a 2006 album by the Norwegian black metal band Koldbrann * "Le Moribond" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamys Farreri
Farrer's scallop (''Chlamys farreri''), also known as the Chinese scallop, is a species of marine bivalve mollusk is the scallop family; Pectinidae. History of aquaculture This species is farmed at an industrial level off mainland China, but production was devastated by a series of epidemics in the 1990s. , . Netherlands Business Support Office (Dalian), 2010. Accessed 13 Aug 2014. It is now thought that this die-off was the result of infections with '' Ostreavirus'', a herpes virus in the family '' |
DNA Virus
A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase. They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. dsDNA viruses primarily belong to two realms: ''Duplodnaviria'' and ''Varidnaviria'', and ssDNA viruses are almost exclusively assigned to the realm ''Monodnaviria'', which also includes some dsDNA viruses. Additionally, many DNA viruses are unassigned to higher taxa. Reverse transcribing viruses, which have a DNA genome that is replicated through an RNA intermediate by a reverse transcriptase, are classified into the kingdom '' Pararnavirae'' in the realm '' Riboviria''. DNA viruses are ubiquitous worldwide, especially in marine environments where they form an important part of marine ecosystems, and infect both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molluscs
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine biology, marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater mollusc, freshwater and Terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class (biology), classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurobiology, neurologically advanced of all inve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Language
Greek ( el, label=Modern Greek, Ελληνικά, Elliniká, ; grc, Ἑλληνική, Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Italy (Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting impo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily Ostreoidea. Some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects. Etymology The word ''oyster'' comes from Old French , and first appeared in English during the 14th century. The French derived from the Latin , the feminine form of , which is the latinisation of the Ancient Greek () 'oyster'. Compare () 'bone'. Types True oysters True oysters are members of the family Ostreidae. This family includes the edible oysters, which mainly belong t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octopus Vulgaris
The common octopus (''Octopus vulgaris'') is a mollusc belonging to the class Cephalopoda. ''Octopus vulgaris'' is one of the most studied of all octopus species, and also one of the most intelligent. It ranges from the eastern Atlantic, extends from the Mediterranean Sea and the southern coast of England, to the southern coast of South Africa. It also occurs off the Azores, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands. The species is also common in the Western Atlantic. The common octopus hunts at dusk. Crabs, crayfish, and bivalve molluscs (two-shelled, such as cockles) are preferred, although the octopus eats almost anything it can catch. It is able to change colour to blend in with its surroundings, and is able to jump upon any unwary prey that strays across its path. Using its beak, it is able to break into the shells of shelled molluscs. Training experiments have shown the common octopus can distinguish the brightness, size, shape, and horizontal or vertical orientation of objects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haliotis
''Haliotis'', common name abalone, is the only genus in the family Haliotidae. This genus once contained six subgenera. These subgenera have become alternate representations of ''Haliotis''. The genus consists of small to very large, edible, herbivorous sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs. The number of species recognized worldwide ranges between 30 and 130, with over 230 species-level taxa described. The most comprehensive treatment of the family considers 56 species valid, with 18 additional subspecies. Other common names are ear shells, sea ears, and, rarely, muttonfish or muttonshells in parts of Australia, ormer in the UK, perlemoen in South Africa, and the Maori name for three species in New Zealand is pāua. Description The shells of abalones have a low, open, spiral structure, and are characterized by having several open respiratory pores in a row near the shell's outer edge. The thick inner layer of the shell is composed of nacre, which in many species of ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haliotis Diversicolor
''Haliotis diversicolor'', common name the variously coloured abalone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Haliotidae, the abalones. Subspecies * ''Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor'' Reeve, 1846 * ''Haliotis diversicolor squamata'' Reeve, 1846 the scaly Australian abalone - synonyms: ''Haliotis elevata'' G.B. Sowerby II, 1882; ''Haliotis funebris'' Reeve, 1846; ''Haliotis squamata'' Reeve, 1846 Description The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 85 mm. "The shell is long and oval. The spire is very near the margin. The surface of the shell is spirally lirate; the lines are unequal, rounded and crossed by low folds indicating former positions of the peristome. Its color pattern is reddish-brown, scarlet and green in irregular patches and streaks. The coloration is very variable. The oval perforations number usually 7 to 9. There is no angle at the row of perforations, and the space between perforations and the columellar marg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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