|
Mutualista
Mutualistas were community-based Benefit society, mutual aid societies created by Mexico, Mexican Immigration to the United States, immigrants in the late 19th century United States. According to media analyst Charles M. Tatum, ''mutualistas'' "provided most immigrants with a connection to their mother country and served to bring them together to meet their survival needs in a new and alien country. Cultural activities, education, health care, insurance coverage, legal protection and advocacy before police and immigration authorities, and anti-defamation activities were the main functions of these associations. Sometimes ''mutualistas'' were part of larger organizations affiliated with the Mexican government or other national associations. One such association included Alianza Hispano-Americana, which, founded in 1894 in Tucson, Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Territory, had 88 chapters throughout the Southwestern United States by 1919. Usually ''mutualistas'' had separate women's auxiliari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health In Uruguay
In 2016, the life expectancy in Uruguay was 73 for men and 81 for women. Health statistics 2011 figures: *Fertility rate – 140th List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate#Countries, most fertile, at 1.89 per woman *Birth rate – 157th List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate#Countries, most births, at 13.91 per 1000 people *Infant mortality – 128th List of countries by infant mortality rate#Lists, most deaths, 8.73 per 1000 live births in 2017. In 1975 it was 48.6 per 1,000 live births *Death rate – 84th death rate at 9.16 per 1000 people *Life expectancy – 47th at 76.4 years *Suicide rate – 24th suicide rate per 100,000 (15.1 for males and 6.4 for females) *HIV/AIDS rate – 108th at 0.30% Healthcare For the first half of the twentieth century Uruguay and Argentina had the most advanced standards of medical care in Latin America. Military rule from 1973 to 1985 adversely affected standards in Uruguay. More resources we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benefit Society
A benefit society, fraternal benefit society, fraternal benefit order, friendly society, or mutual aid society is a society, an organization or a voluntary association formed to provide mutual aid, benefit, for instance insurance for relief from sundry difficulties. Such organizations may be formally organized with charters and established customs, or may arise ''ad hoc'' to meet unique needs of a particular time and place. Many major financial institutions existing today, particularly some insurance companies, mutual savings banks, and credit unions, trace their origins back to benefit societies, as can many modern fraternal organizations and fraternal orders which are now viewed as being primarily social. The modern legal system essentially requires all such organizations of appreciable size to incorporate as one of these forms or another to continue to exist on an ongoing basis. Benefit societies may be organized around a shared ethnic background, religion, occupation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Civil Rights Movement
The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement throughout the United States. The movement had its origins in the Reconstruction era during the late 19th century, although it made its largest legislative gains in the 1960s after years of direct actions and grassroots protests. The social movement's major nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience campaigns eventually secured new protections in federal law for the civil rights of all Americans. After the American Civil War and the subsequent abolition of slavery in the 1860s, the Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution granted emancipation and constitutional rights of citizenship to all African Americans, most of whom had recently been enslaved. For a short period of time, African American men voted and held political office, but as tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican-American Organizations
Mexican Americans ( es, mexicano-estadounidenses, , or ) are Americans of full or partial Mexican heritage. In 2019, Mexican Americans comprised 11.3% of the US population and 61.5% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United States, though they make up 53% of the total population of foreign-born Latino Americans and 25% of the total foreign-born population. The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world (24% of the entire Mexican-origin population of the world), behind only Mexico. Most Mexican Americans reside in the Southwest (over 60% in the states of California and Texas). Many Mexican Americans living in the United States have assimilated into American culture which has made some become less connected with their culture of birth (or of their parents/ grandparents) and sometimes creates an identity crisis. Most Mexican Americans have varying degrees of Indigenous and European ancestry, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican-American History
Mexican Americans ( es, mexicano-estadounidenses, , or ) are Americans of full or partial Mexican heritage. In 2019, Mexican Americans comprised 11.3% of the US population and 61.5% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United States, though they make up 53% of the total population of foreign-born Latino Americans and 25% of the total foreign-born population. The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world (24% of the entire Mexican-origin population of the world), behind only Mexico. Most Mexican Americans reside in the Southwest (over 60% in the states of California and Texas). Many Mexican Americans living in the United States have assimilated into American culture which has made some become less connected with their culture of birth (or of their parents/ grandparents) and sometimes creates an identity crisis. Most Mexican Americans have varying degrees of Indigenous and European ancestry, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raza Unida Party
Partido Nacional de La Raza Unida (National United Peoples PartyArmando Navarro (2000) ''La Raza Unida Party'', p. 20 or United Race Party) is a former Hispanic political party centered on Chicano (Mexican-American) nationalism. It was created in 1970 and became prominent throughout Texas and Southern California. It was started to combat growing inequality and dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party that was typically supported by Mexican-American voters. After its establishment in Texas, the party launched electoral campaigns in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and California, though it only secured official party status for statewide races in Texas. It did poorly in the 1978 Texas elections and dissolved when leaders and members dropped out. La Raza, as it was usually known, experienced most of its success at the local level in southwest Texas when the party swept city council, school board, and mayoralty elections in Crystal City, Cotulla, and Carrizo Springs. Much of the succe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicana Feminism
Chicana feminism is a sociopolitical movement in the United States that scrutinizes the historical, cultural, spiritual, educational, and economic intersections impacting Chicana identities. Chicana feminism is empowering and demands women within this movement to challenge institutionalized social norms that contribute to the stereotypes and oppressions of their ascribed identities. Most importantly, Chicana feminism is a movement, theory, and praxis that encourages women to reclaim their existence between and among the Chicano Movement and the American feminist movement. Overview In 1848, with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexico ceded to the US: Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and part of Colorado and Wyoming. Former citizens of Mexico living in those territories became US citizens. Therefore, during the twentieth century, Hispanic immigration to the United States began to slowly but steadily change American demographics. In Latin America, wome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicano Movement
The Chicano Movement, also referred to as El Movimiento, was a social and political movement in the United States inspired by prior acts of resistance among people of Mexican descent, especially of Pachucos in the 1940s and 1950s, and the Black Power movement, that worked to embrace a Chicano/a identity and worldview that combated structural racism, encouraged cultural revitalization, and achieved community empowerment by rejecting assimilation. Before this, ''Chicano/a'' had been a term of derision, adopted by some Pachucos as an expression of defiance to Anglo-American society. With the rise of '' Chicanismo'', ''Chicano/a'' became a reclaimed term in the 1960s and 1970s, used to express political autonomy, ethnic and cultural solidarity, and pride in being of Indigenous descent, diverging from the assimilationist ''Mexican-American'' identity. Chicanos also expressed solidarity and defined their culture through the development of Chicano art during El Movimiento, and stood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Student Movement
Student activism or campus activism is work by students to cause political, environmental, economic, or social change. Although often focused on schools, curriculum, and educational funding, student groups have influenced greater political events. Modern student activist movements vary widely in subject, size, and success, with a variety of students in various educational settings participating, including public and private school students; elementary, middle, senior, undergraduate, and graduate students; and all races, socio-economic backgrounds, and political perspectives. Some student protests focus on the internal affairs of a specific institution; others focus on broader issues such as a war or dictatorship. Likewise, some student protests focus on an institution's impact on the world, such as a disinvestment campaign, while others may focus on a regional or national policy's impact on the institution, such as a campaign against government education policy. Although stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicano
Chicano or Chicana is a chosen identity for many Mexican Americans in the United States. The label ''Chicano'' is sometimes used interchangeably with ''Mexican American'', although the terms have different meanings. While Mexican-American identity was related to encouraging assimilation into White American society and separating the community from the African-American political struggle, Chicano identity emerged among anti-assimilationist youth. Some belonged to the Pachuco subculture, and claimed the term (which had previously been a classist and racist slur). The term ''Chicano'' was widely reclaimed by ethnic Mexicans in the 1960s and 1970s to express political empowerment, ethnic solidarity, and pride in being of Indigenous descent (with many using the Nahuatl language), diverging from the more assimilationist ''Mexican American'' term. Chicano Movement leaders collaborated with Black Power movement. Chicano youth in ''barrios'' rejected cultural assimilation into whit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemon Grove School District
Lemon Grove School District is a school district located in Lemon Grove, San Diego County, California. It runs one middle school, two K-8 schools, and four elementary schools. Lemon Grove School district was officially founded on March 18, 1893 when the San Diego County Board of Supervisors The San Diego County Board of Supervisors is the legislative branch of the county government of San Diego County, California. Though officially nonpartisan, three Democrats and two Republicans currently comprise the Board of Supervisors, wit ... and Harry Wagner, County School Superintendent, approved the boundaries of the Lemon Grove District. The superintendent of the district is Erica Balakian. The district is managed by a five-person Governing Board. References External sites LGSD Patch ReviewLGSD NCES Info and Data {{Authority control Lemon Grove, California School districts in San Diego County, California School districts established in 1893 1893 establishments in Cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact on the settlement patterns of various groups. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in ''Brown v. Board of Education'', particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military (''see Military history of African Americans''). Racial integration of society was a closely related goal. US military Early history Starting with King Philip's War in the 17th century, Black and White Americans served together in an integrated environment in the Thirteen Colonies. They continued to fight alongside each other in every American war until the war of 1812. Black people would not fight i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
