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Morphine Total Synthesis
Synthesis of morphine-like alkaloids in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the natural morphinan class of alkaloids that includes codeine, morphine, oripavine, and thebaine and the closely related semisynthetic analogs methorphan, buprenorphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, isocodeine, naltrexone, nalbuphine, oxymorphone, oxycodone, and naloxone. The structure of morphine is not particularly complex, however the electrostatic polarization of adjacent bonded atoms does not alternate uniformly throughout the structure. This "dissonant connectivity" makes bond formation more difficult and therefore significantly complicates any synthetic strategy that is applied to this family of molecules. The first morphine total synthesis, devised by Marshall D. Gates, Jr. in 1952 remains a widely used example of total synthesis. This synthesis took a total of 31 steps and proceeded in 0.06% overall yield. The hydrocodone synthesis of Kenner C. Rice is one of the most efficient and proceed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphin - Morphine
Morphin may refer to the following: * Morphing, a graphics effect where one image seamlessly transitions into another * Morphine, a potent opiate analgesic and psychoactive drug * Morphin, the name of transformation sequence in the ''Power Rangers'' franchise ** ''Mighty Morphin Power Rangers'' See also * Morph (other) {{Disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxycodone
Oxycodone, sold under various brand names such as Roxicodone and OxyContin (which is the extended release form), is a strong, semi-synthetic opioid used medically for treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is highly addictive and a commonly drug abuse, abused drug. It is usually taken oral administration, by mouth, and is available in immediate release, immediate-release and controlled release, controlled-release formulations. Onset of pain relief typically begins within fifteen minutes and lasts for up to six hours with the immediate-release formulation. In the United Kingdom, it is available by injection. Combination drug, Combination products are also available with oxycodone/paracetamol, paracetamol (acetaminophen), oxycodone/ibuprofen, ibuprofen, oxycodone/naloxone, naloxone, naltrexone, and oxycodone/aspirin, aspirin. Common side effects include euphoria, constipation, nausea, vomiting, Anorexia (symptom), loss of appetite, Somnolence, drowsiness, dizziness, itching, X ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biomimetic Synthesis
Biomimetic synthesis is an area of organic chemical synthesis that is specifically biologically inspired. The term encompasses both the testing of a "biogenetic hypothesis" (''conjectured'' course of a biosynthesis in nature) through execution of a series of reactions designed to parallel the proposed biosynthesis, as well as programs of study where a synthetic reaction or reactions aimed at a desired synthetic goal are designed to mimic one or more ''known'' enzymic transformations of an established biosynthetic pathway. The earliest generally cited example of a biomimetic synthesis is Sir Robert Robinson's organic synthesis of the alkaloid tropinone. A more recent example is E.J. Corey's carbenium-mediated cyclization of an engineered linear polyene to provide a tetracyclic steroid ring system, which built upon studies of cationic cyclizations of linear polyenes by the Albert Eschenmoser and Gilbert Stork, and the extensive studies of the W.S. Johnson to define the requireme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gates Synthesis
Gates is the plural of gate, a point of entry to a space which is enclosed by walls. It may also refer to: People * Gates (surname), various people with the last name * Gates Brown (1939-2013), American Major League Baseball player * Gates McFadden (born 1949), American actress and choreographer * Gates P. Thruston (1835-1912), American Civil War veteran, lawyer and businessman * Josephine Gates Kelly (1888-1976), Native American activist Places Canada * Gates, British Columbia, Canada, a rural community ** Gates River, a river in British Columbia ** Gates Valley, a valley in British Columbia ** Gates Lake, at the head of the Gates River United States * Gates, Nebraska, an unincorporated community * Gates, New York, a town ** Gates (CDP), New York, census-designated place * Gates, Oregon, a city * Gates, Tennessee, a town * Gates County, North Carolina, United States ** Gates, North Carolina, an unincorporated community in the county * Gates Pass, Arizona, a mountain pass Art a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Robinson (organic Chemist)
Sir Robert Robinson (13 September 1886 – 8 February 1975) was a British organic chemist and Nobel laureate recognised in 1947 for his research on plant dyestuffs (anthocyanins) and alkaloids. In 1947, he also received the Medal of Freedom with Silver Palm. Biography Early life He was born at Rufford House Farm, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire the son of James Bradbury Robinson, a maker of surgical dressings, and his wife, Jane Davenport. Robinson went to school at the Chesterfield Grammar School and the private Fulneck School. He then studied chemistry at the University of Manchester, graduating BSc in 1905. In 1907 he was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 to continue his research at the University of Manchester. He was appointed as the first Professor of Pure and Applied Organic Chemistry in the School of Chemistry at the University of Sydney in 1912. He was briefly at St Andrews University (1920–22) and then w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert Stork
Gilbert Stork (December 31, 1921 – October 21, 2017) was an organic chemist. For a quarter of a century he was the Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Columbia University. He is known for making significant contributions to the total synthesis of natural products, including a lifelong fascination with the synthesis of quinine. In so doing he also made a number of contributions to mechanistic understanding of reactions, and performed pioneering work on enamine chemistry, leading to development of the Stork enamine alkylation. It is believed he was responsible for the first planned stereocontrolled synthesis as well as the first natural product to be synthesised with high stereoselectivity. Stork was also an accomplished mentor of young chemists and many of his students have gone on to make significant contributions in their own right. Early years Gilbert Stork was born in the Ixelles municipality of Brussels, Belgium on December 31, 1921. The oldest of 3 childre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tohru Fukuyama
is a Japanese organic chemist and Professor of Chemistry at University of Tokyo in Japan. He discovered the Fukuyama coupling in 1998. Biography Fukuyama studied chemistry at Nagoya University with degrees Bachelor's (1971) and Master's (1973) degrees. As a graduate student, he then worked at Harvard University, where he received his doctorate in 1977 as an academic student of Yoshito Kishi. Until 1978, he continued his research as a postdoc in the Department of Chemistry of Harvard University and then moved to Rice University as an assistant professor, where in 1988 he obtained the rank of a chair holder. In 1995, he accepted a professorship in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo, Japan. Since 2013, Fukuyama has been working as a professor at the Nagoya University - more precisely: Designated Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner Satoshi Ōmura is his old friend. Achievements *Fukuyama reduction *Fukuyama in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barry Trost
Barry M. Trost (born June 13, 1941, in Philadelphia) is an American chemist who is the Job and Gertrud Tamaki Professor Emeritus in the School of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford University. The Tsuji-Trost reaction and the Trost ligand are named after him. He is prominent for advancing the concept of atom economy. Early life and education Trost was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 13, 1941. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania and obtained his B.A. in 1962. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for graduate school, where he worked with Herbert O. House on enolate anions, the Mannich reaction, and the Robinson annulation. Trost graduated with his Ph.D. in 1965. Independent career Trost moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison to begin his independent career, and was promoted to Professor of Chemistry in 1969, and the Vilas Research Professor in 1982. In 1987, he moved to Stanford University as Professor of Chemistry, and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirk Trauner
Dirk Trauner (born 17 April 1967 in Linz) is an Austrian chemist. Education and training From 1986 to 1991 Trauner studied biology and biochemistry at the University of Vienna. From 1992 to 1995 he studied chemistry at the Free University of Berlin and completed his diploma under Johann Mulzer, whom he followed to Frankfurt and subsequently Vienna as an assistant. In 1997 he completed his PhD under Mulzer at the University of Vienna summa cum laude. From 1998 to 2000 he was a postdoc under Samuel J. Danishefsky at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. In 2000 he moved to the University of California, Berkeley, where from 2000 to 2006 he was assistant professor and from 2006 to 2010 associate professor, with additional affiliation to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from 2005 to 2008. From 2008 to 2017 he was professor for chemical biology and genetics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He currently resides as the Janice Cutler Cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Mulzer
Johann Hermann Wolfgang Mulzer is a German organic chemist, best known for his work in total synthesis. Since 1996, he has been a professor of chemistry at the University of Vienna (Universität Wien). Awards *1994 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize *1997 Ernst Schering Prize *2010 Emil Fischer Medal Emil or Emile may refer to: Literature *''Emile, or On Education'' (1762), a treatise on education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau * ''Émile'' (novel) (1827), an autobiographical novel based on Émile de Girardin's early life *''Emil and the Detective .... Notes References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Mulzer 1944 births Living people 20th-century German chemists Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners 21st-century German chemists Academics of the University of Vienna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larry E
Larry is a masculine given name in English, derived from Lawrence or Laurence. It can be a shortened form of those names. Larry may refer to the following: People Arts and entertainment * Larry D. Alexander, American artist/writer *Larry Boone, American country singer * Larry Collins, American musician, member of the rockabilly sibling duo The Collins Kids *Larry David (born 1947), Emmy-winning American actor, writer, comedian, producer and film director *Larry Emdur, Australian TV host *Larry Feign, American cartoonist working in Hong Kong *Larry Fine, of the Three Stooges * Larry Gates, American actor *Larry Gatlin, American country singer *Larry Gelbart (1928–2009), American screenwriter, playwright, director and author *Larry Graham, founder of American funk band Graham Central Station *Larry Hagman, American actor, best known for the TV series ''I Dream of Jeannie'' and ''Dallas'' *Larry Henley (1937–2014), American singer and songwriter, member of The Newbeats *Larry H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
