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Mobility Transition
Mobility transition is a set of social, technological and political processes of converting traffic (including freight transport) and mobility to sustainable transport with renewable energy resources, and an integration of several different modes of private transport and local public transport. It also includes social change, a redistribution of public spaces, and different ways of financing and spending money in urban planning. The main motivation for mobility transition is the reduction of the harm and damage that traffic causes to people (mostly but not solely due to collisions) and the environment (which also often directly or indirectly affects people) in order to make (urban) society more livable, as well as solving various interconnected logistical, social, economic and energy issues and inefficiencies. Motivation Environmental damage An important goal is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2. To achieve the goal set in the Paris Agreement, that is, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Rockström
Johan Rockström (born 31 December 1965) is a Swedish scientist, internationally recognized for his work on global sustainability issues. He is joint director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) in Germany, together with economist Ottmar Edenhofer. He is also Professor in Earth System Science at the University of Potsdam and Professor in Water Systems and Global Sustainability, Stockholm University. Rockström has pioneered work on the planetary boundaries framework, first published in 2009. The nine planetary boundaries presented in the framework, from climate to biodiversity, are argued to be fundamental in maintaining a "safe operating space for humanity." Rockström is also a public intellectual, providing advice e.g. to UN institutions, speaking e.g. at TED events, and featuring in media such as the Netflix "Breaking Boundaries" film. He has published over 150 papers in fields ranging from practical land and water use to global sustainability. He is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Environment Agency
The European Environment Agency (EEA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) which provides independent information on the environment. Definition The European Environment Agency (EEA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) which provides independent information on the environment. Its goal is to help those involved in developing, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and to inform the general public. Organization The EEA was established by the European Economic Community (EEC) Regulation 1210/1990 (amended by EEC Regulation 933/1999 and EC Regulation 401/2009) and became operational in 1994, headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark. The agency is governed by a management board composed of representatives of the governments of its 32 member states, a European Commission representative and two scientists appointed by the European Parliament, assisted by its Scientific Committee. The current Executive Director of the agency is Professor Hans Bruyninckx, who has be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karlsgraben Aachen Dezember 2014 (5)
The Fossa Carolina (or Karlsgraben in German) was a canal named after Charlemagne in what is today the German state of Bavaria, intended to connect the Swabian Rezat river to the Altmühl river (the Rhine basin to the Danube basin). It was created during the early Middle Ages, long before the Ludwig Canal and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. If it was indeed operational, this canal would have been the first to link the Rhine basin to the Danube basin, across the European Watershed. However, contemporary sources are contradictory as to whether it was ever finished or not. Geography Near Treuchtlingen and Weißenburg in Bayern the European Watershed between the rivers of the Rhine basin and those of the Danube basin is very narrow. Only around 2 km of fairly level terrain lie between the Swabian Rezat and the Altmühl. History Carolingian sources report that Frankish king Charlemagne gave orders to dig a 2 kilometers long canal from Treuchtlingen to Weißenburg in Bayer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Traffic
Traffic comprises pedestrians, vehicles, ridden or herded animals, trains, and other Public conveyance, conveyances that use public ways (roads) for travel and transportation. Traffic laws govern and regulate traffic, while rules of the road include traffic laws and Norm (sociology), informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, Priority (right of way), right-of-way, and traffic control at intersection (road), intersections. Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, Junction (traffic), junctions, Intersection (road), intersections, interchange (road), interchanges, traffic signals, or traffic sign, signs. Traffic is often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car, truck), other vehicle (e.g., moped, bicycle), and pedestrian A pedestrian is a person traveling on foot, whether walking or running. In modern t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature (journal)
''Nature'' is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England. As a multidisciplinary publication, ''Nature'' features peer-reviewed research from a variety of academic disciplines, mainly in science and technology. It has core editorial offices across the United States, continental Europe, and Asia under the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature. ''Nature'' was one of the world's most cited scientific journals by the Science Edition of the 2019 ''Journal Citation Reports'' (with an ascribed impact factor of 42.778), making it one of the world's most-read and most prestigious academic journals. , it claimed an online readership of about three million unique readers per month. Founded in autumn 1869, ''Nature'' was first circulated by Norman Lockyer and Alexander Macmillan as a public forum for scientific innovations. The mid-20th century facilitated an editorial expansion for the journal; ''Nature'' redoubled its efforts in exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Lelieveld
Johannes "Jos" Lelieveld (born July 25, 1955) is a Dutch atmospheric chemist. Since 2000, he has been a Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and director of the Atmospheric Chemistry Department at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz. He is also professor at the University of Mainz and at the Cyprus Institute in Nicosia. Biography Lelieveld studied biology at the Leiden University, the Netherlands. He graduated at the University of Leiden from the faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and the Free University of Amsterdam, in 1984 and received his Ph.D. from the faculty of Physics and Astronomy at the Utrecht University in 1990. His doctoral supervisor was Nobel laureate Paul J. Crutzen and his thesis was entitled "The role of clouds in tropospheric chemistry". From 1984 until 1987 he worked as a research assistant at Geosens B.V. in Rotterdam to investigate transboundary air pollution. Subsequently, he became research scientist at the Atmospheric Che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen Oxide
Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds: Charge-neutral *Nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen(II) oxide, or nitrogen monoxide *Nitrogen dioxide (), nitrogen(IV) oxide * Nitrogen trioxide (), or nitrate radical *Nitrous oxide (), nitrogen(0,II) oxide *Dinitrogen dioxide (), nitrogen(II) oxide dimer *Dinitrogen trioxide (), nitrogen(II,IV) oxide *Dinitrogen tetroxide (), nitrogen(IV) oxide dimer *Dinitrogen pentoxide (), nitrogen(V) oxide, or nitronium nitrate *Nitrosyl azide (), nitrogen(−I,0,I,II) oxide * Nitryl azide () *Oxatetrazole () *Trinitramide ( or ), nitrogen(0,IV) oxide Anions *Nitroxide () * Nitrite ( or ) *Nitrate () *Peroxynitrite ( or ) *Peroxynitrate ( or ) *Orthonitrate (, analogous to phosphate ) *Hyponitrite ( or ) *Trioxodinitrate or hyponitrate ( or ) *Nitroxylate ( or ) * Dinitramide ( or ) Cations * Nitrosonium ( or ) * Nitronium ( or ) Atmospheric sciences In atmospheric chemistry: * (or NO''x'') refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of , with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Monde Diplomatique
''Le Monde diplomatique'' (meaning "The Diplomatic World" in French) is a French monthly newspaper offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. The publication is owned by Le Monde diplomatique SA, a subsidiary company of ''Le Monde'' which grants it complete editorial autonomy. Worldwide there were 71 editions in 26 other languages (including 38 in print for a total of about 2.2 million copies and 33 electronic editions). History 1954–1989 ''Le Monde diplomatique'' was founded in 1954 by Hubert Beuve-Méry, founder and director of ''Le Monde'', the French newspaper of record. Subtitled the "organ of diplomatic circles and of large international organisations," 5,000 copies were distributed, comprising eight pages, dedicated to foreign policy and geopolitics. Its first editor in chief, François Honti, developed the newspaper as a scholarly reference journal. Honti attentively followed the birth of the Non-Aligned Movement, created out of the 1955 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Pollution
Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases (including ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons), particulates (both organic and inorganic), and biological molecules. Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death to humans; it can also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural environment (for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) or built environment (for example, acid rain). Air pollution can be caused by both human activities and natural phenomena. Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, COPD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
