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Libian
''Libian'' () refers to the natural, gradual, and systematic simplification of Chinese characters over time during the 2nd Century BC, as Chinese writing transitioned from seal script character forms to clerical script characters during the early Han dynasty period, through the process of making omissions, additions, or transmutations of the graphical form of a character to make it easier to write. ''Libian'' was one of two conversion processes towards the new clerical script character forms, with the other being ''liding'', which involved the regularisation and linearisation of character shapes. Process The earlier seal script characters were complicated and inconvenient to write; as a result, lower-level officials and clerics () gradually simplified the strokes, and transitioned from writing with bowed ink brushes to using straight ink brushes, which both improved ease of writing. The complexity of characters can be reduced in one of four ways: *Modulation (): The replacement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liding
''Liding'' (), sometimes ''lixie'' (), is the practice of rewriting ancient Chinese character forms in clerical or regular script. ''Liding'' is often used in Chinese textual studies. Definition and terminology During the Han dynasty, the clerical script reached its maturation, in which Chinese characters are written in such a way that is largely rectilinear and readily segmented into strokes. The script in current use, the regular script, inherited this feature. By comparison, the scripts in use prior to the maturation of the clerical script, including the various scripts from the time period spanning the Shang dynasty, the Zhou dynasty, the Warring States era and the Qin dynasty, employed more sinuous lines, less stable shapes, and more ambiguous stroke segmentations. This remarkable difference in style, combined with the fact that the graphic structures of the characters have changed significantly over time, creates difficulty for recognization and analysis of the chara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clerical Script
The clerical script (; Japanese: 隷書体, ''reishotai''; Korean: 예서 (old spelling 례서); Vietnamese: lệ thư), sometimes also chancery script, is a style of Chinese writing which evolved from the late Warring States period to the Qin dynasty, matured and became dominant in the Han dynasty, and remained in largely active use through the Wei-Jin periods. In its development, it departed significantly from the earlier scripts in terms of graphic structures (a process named ''libian'', or "clerical change"), and was characterized by its rectilinearity, a trait shared with the later regular script. Although it was succeeded by the later scripts, including the regular script, the clerical script is preserved as a calligraphic practice. In Chinese calligraphy, the term ''clerical'' often refers to a specific calligraphic style that is typical of a specific subtype of the clerical script, the ''Han'' ''clerical'' () or ''bafen'' () ''script''. This style of calligraphy is ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qin Dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first Dynasties in Chinese history, dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin (state), Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), the Qin dynasty arose as a fief of the Western Zhou and endured for over five centuries until 221 BCE when it founded its brief empire, which lasted only until 206 BCE. It often causes confusion that the ruling family of the Qin kingdom (what is conventionally called a "dynasty") ruled for over five centuries, while the "Qin Dynasty," the conventional name for the first Chinese empire, comprises the last fourteen years of Qin's existence. The divide between these two periods occurred in 221 BCE when King Zheng of Qin declared himself the Qin Shi Huang, First Emperor of Qin, though he had already been king of Qin since 246 BCE. Qin was a minor power for the early centuries of its existence. The streng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
