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Lacunar Ligament
The lacunar ligament, also named Gimbernat’s ligament, is a ligament in the inguinal region. It connects the inguinal ligament to the pectineal ligament, near the point where they both insert on the pubic tubercle. Structure The lacunar ligament is the part of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle that is reflected backward and laterally and is attached to the pectineal line of the pubis. It is about 1.25 cm. long, larger in the male than in the female, almost horizontal in direction in the erect posture, and of a triangular form with the base directed laterally. Its ''base'' is concave, thin, and sharp, and forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. Its ''apex'' corresponds to the pubic tubercle. Its ''posterior margin'' is attached to the pectineal line, and is continuous with the pectineal ligament. Its ''anterior margin'' is attached to the inguinal ligament. Its surfaces are directed upward and downward. Clinical significance The lacunar ligament ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inguinal Ligament
The inguinal ligament (), also known as Poupart's ligament or groin ligament, is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. Structure The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac crest of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone. It is formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and is continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh. There is some dispute over the attachments. Structures that pass deep to the inguinal ligament include: *Psoas major, iliacus, pectineus * Femoral nerve, artery, and vein * Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh *Lymphatics Function The ligament serves to contain soft tissues as they course anteriorly from the trunk to the lower extremity. This structure demarcates the superior border of the femoral triangle. It demarcates the inferior border of the inguinal triangle. The midpoint of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pubic Tubercle
The pubic tubercle is a prominent tubercle on the superior ramus of the pubis bone of the pelvis. Structure The pubic tubercle is a prominent forward-projecting tubercle on the upper border of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis bone. The inguinal ligament attaches to it. Part of the abdominal external oblique muscle inserts onto it. The inferior epigastric artery passes between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine. The pubic spine is a rough ridge that extends from the pubic tubercle to the upper border of the pubic symphysis. Clinical significance The pubic tubercle may be palpated. It serves as a landmark for local anaesthetic of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, which lies slightly lateral to the pubic tubercle. This may also be used for the obturator nerve The obturator nerve in human anatomy arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves in the lumbar plexus; the branch from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectineal Line (pubis)
The pectineal line of the pubis (also pecten pubis) is a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone. It forms part of the pelvic brim. Lying across from the pectineal line are fibers of the pectineal ligament, and the proximal origin of the pectineus muscle. In combination with the arcuate line, it makes the iliopectineal line The iliopectineal line is the border of the iliopubic eminence. It can be defined as a compound structure of the arcuate line (from the ilium) and pectineal line (from the pubis). With the sacral promontory, it makes up the linea terminalis The .... References External links * () {{Authority control Bones of the pelvis Pubis (bone) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inguinal Canal
The inguinal canals are the two passages in the anterior abdominal wall of humans and animals which in males convey the spermatic cords and in females the round ligament of the uterus. The inguinal canals are larger and more prominent in males. There is one inguinal canal on each side of the midline. Structure The inguinal canals are situated just above the medial half of the inguinal ligament. In both sexes the canals transmit the ilioinguinal nerves. The canals are approximately 3.75 to 4 cm long. , angled anteroinferiorly and medially. In males, its diameter is normally 2 cm (±1 cm in standard deviation) at the deep inguinal ring.The diameter has been estimated to be ±2.2cm ±1.08cm in Africans, and 2.1 cm ±0.41cm in Europeans. A first-order approximation is to visualize each canal as a cylinder. Walls To help define the boundaries, these canals are often further approximated as boxes with six sides. Not including the two rings, the remaining four sides are usually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectineal Ligament
The pectineal ligament, sometimes known as the inguinal ligament of Cooper, is an extension of the lacunar ligament. It runs on the pectineal line of the pubic bone. The pectineal ligament is the posterior border of the femoral ring. Structure The pectineal ligament connects to the lacunar ligament, and therefore to the inguinal ligament. It connects to the pectineus muscle on its ventral and superior aspects. It connects to the rectus abdominis muscle, and the abdominal internal oblique muscle, of the anterior abdominal wall. The pectineal ligament is usually around 6 cm long in adults. It is close to the major vasculature of the pelvis, including external iliac vein. Clinical significance The pectineal ligament is strong, and holds suture well. This facilitates reconstruction of the floor of the inguinal canal. It is a useful landmark for pelvic surgery. A variant of non-prosthetic inguinal hernia repair, first used by Georg Lotheissen in Austria, now bears his name. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aponeurosis
An aponeurosis (; plural: ''aponeuroses'') is a type or a variant of the deep fascia, in the form of a sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that attaches sheet-like muscles needing a wide area of attachment. Their primary function is to join muscles and the body parts they act upon, whether bone or other muscles. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, are histologically similar to tendons, and are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeuroses are in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, the ventriculus in birds, and the palmar (palms) and plantar (soles) regions. Anatomy Anterior abdominal aponeuroses The anterior abdominal aponeuroses are located just superficial to the rectus abdominis muscle. It has for its borders the external oblique, pectoralis muscles, and the latissimus dorsi. Posterior lumbar aponeuroses The posterior lumbar aponeu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
External Oblique Muscle
The abdominal external oblique muscle (also external oblique muscle, or exterior oblique) is the largest and outermost of the three flat abdominal muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen. Structure The external oblique is situated on the lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen. It is broad, thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, its muscular portion occupying the side, its aponeurosis the anterior wall of the abdomen. In most humans (especially females), the oblique is not visible, due to subcutaneous fat deposits and the small size of the muscle. It arises from eight fleshy digitations, each from the external surfaces and inferior borders of the fifth to twelfth ribs (lower eight ribs). These digitations are arranged in an oblique line which runs inferiorly and anteriorly, with the upper digitations being attached close to the cartilages of the corresponding ribs, the lowest to the apex of the cartilage of the last rib, the intermediate ones to the ribs at some distance from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Femoral Ring
The femoral ring is the opening at the proximal, abdominal end of the femoral canal, and represents the (superiorly directed/oriented) base of the conically-shaped femoral canal. The femoral ring is oval-shaped, with its long diameter being directed transversely and measuring about 1.25 cm.'''' The opening of the femoral ring is filled in by extraperitoneal fat, forming the femoral septum. Part of the intestine can sometimes pass through the femoral ring into the femoral canal causing a femoral hernia. Boundaries The femoral ring is bounded as follows:'''' * anteriorly by the inguinal ligament. * posteriorly by the pectineal ligament. * medially by the crescentic base of the lacunar ligament. * laterally by the fibrous septum on the medial side of the femoral vein. Additional images File:Gray1227.png, Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal. See also * Femoral canal * Femoral hernia * Inguinal canal The inguinal canals are the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Femoral Canal
The femoral canal is the medial (and smallest) compartment of the three compartments of the femoral sheath. It is conical in shape. The femoral canal contains lymphatic vessels, and adipose and loose connective tissue, as well as - sometimes - a deep inguinal lymph node. The function of the femoral canal is to accommodate the distension of the femoral vein when venous return from the leg is increased or temporarily restricted (e.g. during a Valsalva maneuver). The proximal, abdominal end of the femoral canal forms the femoral ring. The femoral canal should not be confused with the nearby adductor canal. Anatomy The femoral canal is bordered: * anterosuperiorly by the inguinal ligament * posteriorly by the pectineal ligament lying anterior to the superior pubic ramus * Medially by the lacunar ligament * Laterally by the femoral vein Physiological significance The position of the femoral canal medially to the femoral vein is of physiologic importance. The space of the canal al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Femoral Hernia
Femoral hernias occur just below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass through a naturally occurring weakness in the abdominal wall called the femoral canal. Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both males and females, almost all develop in women due to the increased width of the female pelvis. Femoral hernias are more common in adults than in children. Those that do occur in children are more likely to be associated with a connective tissue disorder or with conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure. Seventy percent of pediatric cases of femoral hernias occur in infants under the age of one. Definitions A hernia is caused by the protrusion of a viscus (in the case of groin hernias, an intra-abdominal organ) through a weakness in the abdominal wall. This weakness may be inherent, as in the case of inguinal, femoral and umbilical hernias. On the other hand, the weakness m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obturator Artery
The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery that passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. Structure In the pelvic cavity this vessel is in relation, laterally, with the obturator fascia; medially, with the ureter, ductus deferens, and peritoneum; while a little below it is the obturator nerve. The obturator artery usually arises from the internal iliac artery. Inside the pelvis the obturator artery gives off iliac branches to the iliac fossa, which supply the bone and the Iliacus, and anastomose with the ilio-lumbar artery; a vesical branch, which runs backward to supply the bladder; and a pubic branch, which is given off from the vessel just before it leaves the pelvic cavity. The pubic branch ascends upon the back of the pubis, communicating with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoni De Gimbernat
Don Antonio de Gimbernat y Arbós (1734–1816) was a Spanish surgeon and anatomist. He is known for laying the groundwork for modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair. He also described in detail the anatomy of the inguinal and femoral regions of the human body. The lacunar ligament is named after Antonio de Gimbernat. Gimbernat was born in Cambrils, (Tarragona), and died in Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the Largest cities of the Europ .... His son Don Antonio Gimbernat FRSE (1765-1834) closely followed in his footsteps and was First Surgeon to the King of Spain. References Bibliography Antoni Gimbernat i Arbós , Galeria de Metges CatalansIn Catalan. 1734 births 1790 deaths Spanish surgeons Spanish anatomists 18th-century Spanish physicians Physicians from Cata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
